Poet Spiridon Dmitrievich Drozhzhin: biography, qhov zoo tshaj plaws ua hauj lwm thiab nthuav tseeb

Spiridon Dmitrievich Drozhzhin - ib tug naas ej Lavxias teb sab paj huam, verses uas nws tau nrov heev nyob rau hauv pre-revolutionary xyoo, thiab thaum lub sij hawm Soviet era. Nws nyob tau ib lub neej ntev, lub ib thooj ntawm cov uas yog mob siab rau kev sau ntawv ua hauj lwm. Biography Spiridona Dmitrievicha Drozhzhina sau ua ke nyob rau hauv no tsab xov xwm.

Keeb kwm, xyoo ntawm kev kawm ntawv

Nws twb yug los rau lub Kaum Ob Hlis 6, 1848 nyob rau hauv lub xeev ntawm Tver (zos Nizovka). Qhov no cheeb tsam yog heev fond ntawm Spiridon Dmitrievich Drozhzhin. Nws birthplace hu nyob rau hauv ntau yam ntawm nws tej hauj lwm. Nizovka zos tom qab nyob rau hauv lub xyoo yuav tuaj yuav yog ib qho kev tshoov siab rau cov kws sau paj lug. Nws tau mob siab, nyob rau hauv particular, nws nto moo zaj paj huam "teb koj chaw" Spiridon Dmitrievich Drozhzhin.

Cov niam txiv ntawm cov kws sau paj lug twb serfs. Spyridon D. tau txais cov kev qhia tswj ntawm kev kawm ntawv los ntawm nws yawg, Drozhzhina Stepan Stepanovich, uas qhia nws nyeem ntawv cov tsiaj ntawv thiab, ntawm chav kawm, hauv Phau Ntawv Teev.

Nyob rau hauv 1858 Spiridon raug xa mus rau lub tsev kawm ntawv mus rau lub zos dis kas. Ntawm no yog lub neej yav tom ntej kws sau paj lug tau kawm rau ob lub xyoos thiab Numeracy. Spiridon Dmitrievich Drozhzhin nco qab txog nrog gratitude hnub no. Lawv mob siab rau nws zaj paj huam ntawm 1905 "Thaum tsev kawm ntawv cov dis kas." Nyob rau hauv qhov kev kawm no Spyridon Dmitrievich tau ua tiav - lub caij ntuj no 1860 lub neej yav tom ntej kws sau paj lug mus rau St. Petersburg mus ua hauj lwm.

Wandering nyob ib ncig ntawm lub teb chaws, nws tus kheej

Tus tom ntej 36 xyoo ntawm nws lub neej cim los ntawm kev mob siab kev wanderings nyob ib ncig ntawm lub teb chaws. Spyridon D. hloov hauj lwm. Nws yog ib tug tavern tub qhe, pab tub qhe, neeg ua haujlwm nyob rau hauv lub tsev muag ntawv nyeem thiab haus luam yeeb khw, cov neeg muag khoom, ib tug tub txib, ib tug lackey, ib tug tub ua zog, neeg sawv cev Steamship Company "dav hlau", cia siab rau tus me nyuam ntawm tus ntoo rau lub tsheb ciav hlau. Hmoo txawb lub kws sau paj lug nyob rau hauv Tver thiab Moscow, Kharkov thiab Yaroslavl, Tashkent thiab Kiev.

Cov thawj zaug xyoo ntawm wandering, St. Petersburg, (1860-1871 gg.) - ib lub sij hawm cim tsis tau tsuas yog ib tug ib nrab-starved phem kawg lub neej, tab sis tseem dhia nyob rau hauv nws tus kheej Drozhzhina. Tus thawj plaub lub xyoos nws siv nyob rau hauv lub capital, nws ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv ib tug noj mov "Kavkaz" kev sib deev. Thaum lub sij hawm no, Spiridon Dmitrievich Drozhzhin eagerly, tab sis yog unsystematically, nyeem cov ntaub ntawv, feem ntau ntawm cov neeg pluag zoo :. Cov phau ntawv Magazine xws li "Nyeem rau cov tub rog" thiab "Mir tub txib" pheej yig nrov novels, etc. Tab sis tom qab ib tug thaum Spiridon D. muaj cuab kav nrog tej hauj lwm ntawm JS Nikitin AV Koltsov thiab NA Nekrasov. Nws excitedly nyeem magazine "txim". Spyridon D. txij li thaum 1866 pib tsis tu ncua mus saib lub Public Library.

Tus kheej cov tsev qiv ntawv thiab cov thawj zaj paj huam

Nyob rau nws ideological thiab aesthetic orientation thiab artistic tastes muaj ib tug zoo feem Drozhzhina acquaintance nrog lub peev cov menyuam kawm ntawv thiab cov neeg sawv cev ntawm qhov sib txawv ibyam ntawm ywj pheej Youth. Txuag nyob rau hauv cov khaub ncaws thiab zaub mov noj, Spiridon Dmitrievich Drozhzhin sau nws cov tsev qiv ntawv. Nws muaj xws li tej hauj lwm by nws nyiam sau ntawv: M. Yu. Lermontovym thiab A. S. Pushkinym, Koltsov thiab Nikitin, P.-J. Beranger thiab Heine, G. I. Uspenskim thiab Tolstoy, N. P. Ogarevym thiab Schiller li al. Drozhzhin yog tseem xav nyob rau hauv "txwv tsis pub noj" cov ntaub ntawv. Thaum muaj hnub nyoog 17, nws tsim nws cov thawj zaj paj huam. Txij li thaum uas lub sij hawm, Spiridon Drozhzhin tsis nres sau ntawv kwv huam. Tus thawj nkag teb chaws nyob rau hauv nws chaw muag mis nyuj nyob Tej zaum 10, 1867. Nws coj nws mus rau thaum xaus ntawm lub neej.

Tus thawj ntawv

Los ntawm 1870 tus thawj los mus thov Drozhzhina luam tawm lawv tej hauj lwm. Nws xa rau saum 5, nyob rau hauv nws lub tswv yim, lub verses nyob rau hauv "Lb ntawv xov xwm", tab sis lawv tso tseg. Nyob rau hauv 1873 qhov ntev-awaited txawj debut ntawm lub kws sau paj lug. Nws yog ces Drozhzhina paj huam "Song ntawm lub roob zoo khub," tau luam tawm nyob rau hauv lub "daim ntawv pov" magazine. Txij li thaum uas lub sij hawm, Spiridon D. pib los mus luam tawm nyob rau hauv ib tug ntau yam ntawm cov phau ntawv Magazine ( "Lavxias teb sab Wealth", "Tsev Neeg Nights", "ua lag ua luam", "Lo lus", thiab lwm tus neeg.), Raws li tau zoo raws li nyob rau hauv cov me nyuam cov phau ntawv Magazine ( "Hluas Russia", "Skylark", " me nyuam txoj kev nyeem ntawv, "" Childhood "thiab lwm tus neeg.).

Koob meej, homecoming

Drozhzhina koob meej raws li ib tug kws sau paj lug nyob rau thaum xaus ntawm 1870 - 1880-ies. Nws loj hlob sai heev. IZ Surikov tau qhia txaus siab rau cov hluas sau self-qhia. Qhov no yog muaj tim khawv los lawv xov xwm hais txog xyoo 1879.

Nyob rau hauv St. Petersburg, thawj sau nyob rau hauv 1889, SD Drozhzhina ( "Kwv huam 1866-1888 gg. Nrog sau ntawv ntawm cov neeg sau ntawm kuv lub neej"). Nyob rau hauv 1894 thiab 1907, phau ntawv no twb reissued txhua lub sij hawm muaj nuj nqis tsam. Cuaj kaum, tus kws sau paj lug txuas ntxiv mus nyob rau hauv cov neeg txom nyem. Thaum pib ntawm 1886 Drozhzhin thaum kawg rov qab mus rau nws haiv neeg zos Nizovka. Ntawm no nws mob siab rau nws tus kheej nkaus rau cov ntaub ntawv, raws li tau zoo raws li ua liaj ua teb ua hauj lwm. L. N. Tolstoy upheld qhov kev txiav txim, uas coj Spiridon Dmitrievich Drozhzhin. Teb koj chaw, nws ntseeg, yuav txhawb lub kws sau paj lug tshiab achievements.

Kev sib tham nrog Leo Tolstoy thiab R. M. Rilke

Drozhzhin tau ntsib Lvom Nikolaevichem ob zaug, nyob rau hauv 1892 thiab 1897. Cov kws sau paj lug nyob rau hauv lub zos cov tub ceev xwm nrhiav tau daim card keb soj ntsuam, uas tsis tiv thaiv kom nws ua. Maj mam ua ntau thiab ntau nrov kws sau paj lug Spiridon Dmitrievich Drozhzhin. Nws biography yog cim ib qho tseem ceeb tshwm sim nyob rau hauv 1900: R. tuaj txog nyob rau hauv Nizovka Rilke, tus poj Austrian kws sau paj lug. Nws txhais German kwv huam Spyridon 4 Dmitrievich.

Cov phau ntawv tshiab, kev txhim kho tej nyiaj txiag

Ib tug tom qab lwm nyob rau hauv thawj xyoo caum ntawm lub xyoo pua 20th tuaj rau nram qab no phau ntawv Drozhzhina: nyob rau hauv 1904 - "New Kwv huam" nyob rau hauv 1906 - "tus neeg pluag xyoo" nyob rau hauv 1907 - "treasured Songs" nyob rau hauv 1909 - "Tshiab Lavxias teb sab Hlub" thiab "Bayan" . Vajvoog "Writers ntawm cov neeg" nyob rau hauv lub Kaum Ob Hlis 1903 tau siv rau yav tsaus ntuj nyob rau hauv Moscow, nplooj siab mus rau lub thirtieth hnub tseem ceeb ntawm kev muaj tswv yim ua si Drozhzhina. Nyob rau hauv tib lub xyoo nws cov nyiaj laus (180 rubles ib xyoo, rau lub neej) raug tsa.

Nyob rau hauv 1904 nws tau sau nws nto moo zaj paj huam "teb koj chaw" Spiridon Dmitrievich Drozhzhin. Tus sau yog ib txwm ib tug tshwj xeeb zoo nkaus li koom rau lub teb chaws uas nws tau yug. Qhov no yog qhov kev kawm ntawm ntau yam ntawm nws tej hauj lwm.

Nyob rau hauv 1905 nws tau los ua ib tug tswv cuab Drozhzhin ncaav ntawm lub University of Moscow Society of Neeg nyiam heev ntawm Lavxias teb sab Literature. Thiab nyob rau hauv 1910, nyob rau lub Kaum Ob Hlis 29, nws yeej Lavxias teb sab Academy ntawm Sciences. Nws loj yog 500 rubles. Nws twb muab tsub rau collections Drozhzhinov 1907-09. Lub kaum hli ntuj 19, 1915, lwm phau ntawv Spyridon Dmitrievich, "Zaj nkauj ntawm cov laus plowman" (luam tawm nyob rau hauv 1913), tau muab tsub los ntawm lub Academy ntawm Sciences. Drozhzhin twb muab tsub lub "Pushkin" xyuas.

Cov kev raug txim ntawm cov imperialist tsov kev rog thiab kev pab los ntawm lub kaum hli ntuj kiv puag ncig

Nyob rau hauv lub zos, Spyridon D. kom khiav ntawm ib qho tseem ceeb cov txheej xwm nyob rau hauv lub neej ntawm zej zog. Nws los ua ib tug ntawm ob peb lub Lavxias teb sab sau ntawv, uas xav rau txim rau imperialist tsov rog. Nyob rau hauv 1916, muaj ib Drozhzhina paj huam "Down nrog ua tsov ua rog!". Nws los ntshav cov txheej xwm nyob rau hauv xyoo 1914 hu ua "ib tug tej yam qub qab ntawm lub ntxhib barbarism" nyob rau hauv nws chaw muag mis nyuj Spiridon Dmitrievich Drozhzhin.

Nws biography cim los ntawm cov me nyuam ntawm lub Kaum Hli Ntuj kiv puag ncig, uas yog 69-xyoo-laus kws sau paj lug tau ntsib nrog kev xyiv fab. Nws tam sim ntawd pib mus koom nyob rau hauv lub zej lub zos kev pab cuam. Drozhzhin yog ib tug tswv cuab ntawm lub thawj pawg neeg ntawm lub zos, nws mus ncig thoob plaws lub teb chaws, cov neeg hauv zos nyeem nws tej hauj lwm. Poet nyob rau hauv 1919 los chairman ntawm lub Writers 'Congress-proletarians nyob rau hauv lub Tver xeev. Spiridona Dmitrievicha Drozhzhina pajhuam txuas ntxiv yuav tsum luam tawm nyob rau hauv ntawv.

"Zaj nkauj ntawm chaw ua hauj lwm thiab tsam"

Nyob rau hauv 1923 nws nyob nws sau hu "Zaj nkauj ntawm chaw ua hauj lwm thiab tsam." Nws tam sim ntawd cim ob hnub ntawm lub kws sau paj lug - lub 75th hnub tseem ceeb ntawm nws yug los thiab cov 50 xyoos uas muaj tswv yim ua si. Nyob rau lub sij hawm ntawm cov hnub Spyridon D. raug xaiv ib tug saib xyuas tug tswv cuab ntawm lub ces Lavxias teb sab Union ntawm Poets. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, cov kev siv tsev qiv ntawv lub npe Drozhzhina nyob rau hauv Tver. Tom qab 5 xyoo, nyob rau lub sij hawm ntawm lub 80th ib, Spyridon D. tau txais cov nrog koj zoo siab ntawm lub USSR Academy ntawm Sciences. Nws tau kos npe los ntawm A. P. Karpinskim, nws tus thawj tswj hwm.

Lub xeem xyoo ntawm nws lub neej

Drozhzhin Cuaj hlis 28, 1928, tau ntsib nrog Maxim Gorky nyob rau hauv Moscow. Nyob rau hauv lub xeem xyoo ntawm nws lub neej Spyridon D. ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv cov nram no compilations: "Songs" (luam tawm nyob rau hauv 1928), "Way-txoj kev" thiab "Neeg pluag Songs" (ob - 1929). "Zaj nkauj ntawm cov neeg pluag," twb kawg kws sau paj lug cov phau ntawv luam tawm nyob rau hauv nws lub neej. Tsis tas li ntawd Drozhzhin npaj luam plaub-volume "Sau kom tiav Works." Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, nws coj "Tsab ntawv rau lub neej thiab paj huam" kom txog thaum 1930.

Cov kws sau paj lug tuag nyob rau hauv nws cov haiv neeg Nizovka lub hnub nyoog ntawm 82. Qhov no xaus lub biography Spiridona Dmitrievicha Drozhzhina. Qhia me me tam sim no txog nws muaj tswv yim cuab yeej cuab tam.

Nta thiab tus nqi creation Drozhzhina

Plua tshauv thiab cov tsev nyob qhov twg lub kws sau paj lug nyob rau feem ntau ntawm nws lub neej, nyob rau hauv 1938, tau pauv mus rau lub zos Zavidovo (Kalinin cheeb tsam). Muaj yog ib tug memorial tsev cia puav pheej ntawm lub kws sau paj lug, thiab nyob qhov twg ntau admirers ntawm nws tej txuj ci tuaj hnub no.

Creative txoj kev Spyridon Dmitrievich yog ntev heev, ntau tshaj 60 xyoo. Nws kuj yog incredibly nqi. Drozhzhin muab thaum lub sij hawm nws lub neej sau los ntawm 32, 20 uas - kom txog rau thaum 1917. Nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg tias cov nqe Spiridona Dmitrievicha Drozhzhina feem ntau artistically sis tsis ncaj. Txawm li cas los pom kev txawj thiab thawj txuj ci nyob rau hauv qhov zoo tshaj plaws ib feem ntawm lub cuab yeej cuab tam ntawm no cov sau. Nyob rau hauv lub chaw ua hauj lwm Drozhzhina tus ntawm xws paj huam raws li Nekrasov, Koltsov thiab Nikitin. Nyob rau hauv ob peb ntawm nws tej hauj lwm, teej tug mus rau 80-90-th xyoo, echoes paj huam Nadsona S. Ya. Sincerity, spontaneity, lub siab dawb paug thiab simplicity - cov no yog tus yeeb yam uas cim paj huam Spiridona Dmitrievicha Drozhzhina. Nws yuav hu ua ib tug singer ntawm neeg pluag lub neej. Qhov ntawd yog yuav ua li cas nws txhais lub essence ntawm nws txoj hauj lwm nrog rau cov thawj cov kauj ruam nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ( "Kuv muse", 1875).

Ib tug xov tooj ntawm tej hauj lwm ntawm lub kws sau paj lug nkag mus hauv lub lus dab neeg ( "Zaj nkauj ntawm cov neeg ua hauj lwm", "Song ntawm cov peeb zeej"). Muaj ntau ntawm nws cov kwv huam raug teem rau suab paj nruag los ntawm composers xws li V. Ziering, Evseev, A. Cherniavsky, N. Potolovsky, Lashek F. li al. F. I. Shalyapin ua ob zaj nkauj rau cov kwv huam ntawm lub kws sau paj lug li Drozhzhin Spiridon Dmitrievich .

Biography rau cov laus me nyuam thiab teem tawm nyob rau hauv no tsab xov xwm muab tsuas to taub ib tug ces dag ntawm nws ua hauj lwm. Nws yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws los mus hais lus ncaj qha mus rau cov kwv huam, to taub lub ntsiab lus thiab yam ntxwv ntawm cov paj huam Spyridon Dmitrievich.