Parsuna - nws yog ancient thiab me ntsis-kawm ib hom ntawv nyeem ntawm portraiture

Rau centuries, noob neej tau sim mus ntes lub ntiaj teb no nyob ib ncig ntawm peb, kuv xav thiab txoj kev xav. Nws yog ib lub sij hawm ua ntej lub qhov tsua paintings raug hloov mus rau hauv tag nrho-fledged daim duab. Nyob rau hauv lub Nrab Hnub nyoog portraiture qhia feem ntau nyob rau hauv cov duab ib sab ntawm cov ntseeg - iconography. Nws yog tsuas yog los ntawm lub caij xyoo pua 16th, ntxias pib tsim portraits ntawm cov neeg tiag tiag: nom tswv, pej xeem thiab kev cai cov nuj nqis. Qhov no hom ntawm cov kos duab no yog hu ua "parsuna" (yees duab ntawm chaw ua hauj lwm hais hauv qab no). Qhov no hom ntawm portrait painting los ua ntau nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab, Belarusian thiab Ukrainian kab lis kev cai.

Parsuna - yog dab tsi?

Lub npe ntawm no zoo ntawm painting tau txais los ntawm distorted Latin lo lus persona - «qhia tias yog leejtwg». Raws nraim nyob rau ntawm lub sij hawm hu ua lub portrait duab nyob rau hauv teb chaws Europe. Parsuna - ib tug generic npe ntawm tej hauj lwm ntawm Lavxias teb sab, Ukrainian thiab Belarusian portraiture kawg ntawm lub 16-17th centuries, uas combines icon-painting nrog ib tug ntau tseeb txhais lus. Qhov no yog ib thaum ntxov thiab dog dig txheej thaum ub ib hom ntawv nyeem ntawm portraiture, ntau nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab yeeb ceeb. Parsuna - yog tus thawj synonymous nrog ib tug ntau niaj hnub tswvyim ntawm "portrait", hais txog ntawm cov txheej txheem thiab cov style ntawm kev sau ntawv lub sij hawm.

Lub rov tshwm sim ntawm lub sij hawm

Nyob rau hauv 1851 nws tau luam tawm ib tsab ntawm tus "Antiquities ntawm Lavxias teb sab xeev", uas muaj ntau yam lus piv txwv. Cov tshooj plaub ntawm phau ntawv twb tso ua ke Snegirevym I. M., uas thawj sim saib lub ntsab lug tag nrho cov uas twb muaj lawm ntaub ntawv nyob rau hauv lub keeb kwm ntawm Lavxias teb sab portrait. Nws yog ntseeg hais tias tus sau xa ua ntej mus rau lub fact tias xws li parsuna. Txawm li cas los, raws li ib tug scientific lub sij hawm uas lo lus tau kis xwb nyob rau hauv lub thib ob ib nrab ntawm lub xyoo pua 20th tom qab ntawv ntawm Ovchinnikova, E. S., "Portrait nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab kos duab ntawm lub XVII caug xyoo." Nws yog hais txog hais tias parsuna - qhov no thaum ntxov easel portraiture kawg ntawm lub 16-17th centuries.

Yam ntxwv nta ntawm ib hom ntawv nyeem

Parsuna sawv thaum lub sij hawm kev hloov lub sij hawm ntawm Lavxias teb sab keeb kwm, thaum lub medieval ntiaj teb no twb niaj transformation, uas coj mus rau lub rov tshwm sim ntawm tshiab artistic hom phiaj. Nws yog ntseeg hais tias cov ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv no cov kev taw qhia daim duab uas tsim los ntawm painters ntawm lub Armory - Ushakovym S. F., Odolska G., Bezminym I. A., Maksimov IV, Choglokovym M. I. thiab lwm tus neeg. Txawm li cas los, cov hauj lwm ntawm cov kos duab no feem ntau yog tsis kos npe rau los ntawm nws creators, li ntawd, paub meej tias cov authorship ntawm tej yam hauj lwm tsis tau. Hnub ntawm kev sau ntawv ntawm no portrait no kuj tsis pom qhov twg qhia tias hinders lub tsev lag luam ntawm ib tug sib lawv liag ib theem zuj zus ntawm creation.

Parsuna - ib hom ntawv nyeem ntawm portraiture, uas sawv nyob rau hauv tus ntawm Western European lub tsev kawm ntawv. Lub sijhawm thiab style ntawm tsab ntawv kis tau mus rau txoj kev kaj lug xim thiab zoo nkauj muaj yeeb yuj, tab sis tseem respected iconographic kev lig kev cai. Zuag qhia tag nrho parsuna ua kev ob leeg nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv thiab kev siv technology tshiab ntsiab lus uas, thiab stylistically. Txawm li cas los, tag nrho cov feem ntau siv roj xim tsev los tsim cov duab nyob rau hauv canvas. Portrait ntsis yog kis tau heev zwj ceeb, feem ntau siv tej cwj pwm los yog kos npe los ntawm cov uas koj yuav txiav txim seb leej twg yog xwm.

Raws li cov Lev Lifshits, Ph.D, sau phau ntawv parsuna sim tsis raws nraim kev lub ntsej muag nta los yog lub xeev ntawm lub siab ntawm tus neeg portrayed, lawv tau nrhiav txo soj ntsuam cov canons tseeb screen nthuav qhia ntawm cov nuj nqis, uas yuav sib haum mus rau ib tug nyob qib los yog qib qauv - lub ambassador, tus tswv xeev, tub huabtais, tus tswv. Yuav kom to taub zoo dua li cas parsuna, cia li saib lub portraits ntawm lub sij hawm.

hom

Yuav kom xyov npaj cov ntawv luam portraiture ntawm uas era, niaj hnub critics tau pom cov nram qab no parsuna pawg, raws li nyob rau hauv cov neeg ua haujlwm thiab cov txheej txheem ntawm painting:

- tempera on board, qhov ntxa portraits (Theodore A., Fyodor Ivanovich, Alexei Mikhailovich);

- Image dignitaries: princes, ua nom ua tswv, attendants (Lyutkin gallery Repnin, Naryshkin);

- Image Lub tsev teev ntuj hierarchy (Joachim, Nikon);

- "parsuna" icon.

"Picturesque" ( "parsuna") icon

Qhov no muaj xws li hom cov dluab ntawm cov neeg ntseeg, uas cov artist thov cov roj xim (yam tsawg kawg nyob rau hauv cov yeeb yuj khaubncaws sab nraud povtseg). Cov txheej txheem ntawm tej icons kom ze rau classic European. "Parsuna" icon belongs rau lub hloov lub sij hawm ntawm painting. Muaj ob theem pib hom kev kawm ntawm classical roj painting, siv los sawv cev rau lub ntsej muag ntawm cov neeg ntseeg thaum lub sij hawm:

- yog nqus ntawm lub canvas los ntawm kev siv ib tug maub av;

- Ua hauj lwm rau ib tug ntoo los luj nrog ib lub teeb av.

Nws yog ib nqi sau cia hais tias parsuna - qhov no yog tsis kawm ib hom ntawv nyeem ntawm portrait ntawm Lavxias teb sab painting. Thiab kab lis kev cai yuav ua kom ntau nthuav ntau discoveries nyob rau hauv cov cheeb tsam no.