Organelles ntawm hlwb thiab lawv cov functions: ntau yam, kev khiav dej num thiab cov khoom

Tawb - ib chav tsev ntawm lub neej nyob rau lub ntiaj teb no, muaj lub neej ntawm lub cell. Uas yog vim li cas tag nrho cov nta kev ua ntawm tus kab mob no txiav txim rau lub hauv paus ntawm cov yam ntxwv ntawm lub hlwb uas txhais cell organelles thiab lawv cov functions.

Los ntawm lub teeb ntawm lub hlwb feem ntau tseem ceeb cov khoom yog: ib tug zoo-txhais qauv, muaj peev xwm metabolize - ua metabolism thiab lub zog, lub peev xwm los teb mus rau sab nraud stimuli: cov khoom thiab phenomena. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov kev ua ntawm tes organelles txiav txim zog xws li lub peev xwm rau txoj kev loj hlob thiab kev loj hlob, raws li zoo raws li lub hais tawm thiab rov qab - lwm.

Ib yam li ib tug tsiaj los yog ib tug cog muaj ob peb nruab nrog cev thiab tshuab, lub cell muaj organelles. Xav lub cell organelles thiab lawv cov functions, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb yuav tau nco ntsoov rau lwm cov qauv ntawm lub hlwb. Sab nraum "yam khoom lub neej" coated nrog ib tug nyias nyias uas ua hauj lwm pab raws li ib tug Paub Faib barrier nkauj nraug sab nraum ib puag ncig ntawm lub sab hauv txheem ntawm lub cell. Lub membrane muaj ib tug tiv thaiv kev ua thiab Paub Faib thiab kuj tau txais ambient stimuli (receptor muaj nuj nqi) thiab nqa tawm thauj ntawm tshuaj.

Cell organelles, lawv cov qauv thiab muaj nuj nqi

Lub hav zoov ntawm cov cell thiab nws cov Cheebtsam yuav tau tsis yooj yim sua yog hais tias tus hauv nws tsis puv nrog ib tug tshwj xeeb cov kua - cytoplasm. Nws ua cytoplasm thauj tej hauv hlwb, xws li cov ntshav thiab cov qog nyob rau hauv lub cev. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, lub cytoplasm generates intercellular sis cov nyhuv vim muaj ntau yam hom dab, cilia fluff. Ib feem ntawm cov txheej txheem (e.g., flagella los yog cilia) tej zaum yuav ua tau lub cev muaj zog muaj nuj nqi rau lwm yam cell outgrowths yog tsis muaj peev xwm sawv ntawm lub zog.

Mitochondria - ib qho ntawm feem tseem ceeb ntawm tes organelles muab kev koom tes nyob rau hauv lub ua tsis taus pa txheej txheem "units ntawm lub neej" thiab hloov ntau yam ntaub ntawv ntawm lub zog nyob rau hauv daim ntawv uas yog muaj nyob rau hauv tes. Nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb, lub mitochondria - lub cell yog ib qho zog los luj, thiab yog li ntawd tus nqi ntawm cov ntaub ntawv organelles nyob rau lub zog ua los ntawm lub cell, thiab yog li, los ntawm nws xav tau kev pab nyob rau hauv lub zog pab. Nws yog noteworthy uas mitochondria muaj lawv tus kheej DNA saw, nyob rau li ntawm 2% concentrated DNA ntawm lub cell.

Lwm organelle muab kev koom tes nyob rau hauv tus txheej txheem ntawm metabolism - lub ribosome. Nws yog ib qhov keeb ntawm tus xovtooj ntawm ua lub protein synthesis. Ceeb tshaj, cov proteins yog tam sim no nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov hlwb ntawm tus tib neeg lub cev, tshwj tsis yog cov ntshav liab. Ribosomes cov txheej txheem ntawm dawb nyob rau hauv lub cytoplasm, thiab cov protein synthesis txheej txheem yog txuam nrog transcriptional phenomenon - luam cov ntaub ntawv uas yog sau nyob rau hauv lub DNA.

cell organelles thiab lawv cov functions yuav muaj tsis muaj ntsiab lus nyob rau hauv cov xwm, yog hais tias muaj tsis muaj keeb ntawm lub cell. Qhov no organelle yog zoo tshaj plaws nyob rau hauv hais tias nws muaj ib tug heev ib qho tseem ceeb teeb meem - lub chromatin, uas yog lub hauv paus rau cov tsim ntawm chromosomes. Nws chromosomes kis tus caj cov ntaub ntawv ntawm lub cell thaum lub sij hawm tu tub tu kiv. Yog li ntawd chromatin DNA yog tsim thiab ib tug me me npaum li cas ntawm RNA. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, cov muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm cov tub ntxhais nkag rau hauv lub nucleolus - ib lub cev, nyob rau hauv uas lub synthesis ntawm cov tshiab ribosomes. Nucleolus qhov ntev sib txawv nyob ntawm seb yuav ua li cas intensive kis protein synthesis nyob rau hauv ib lub cell.

Nyob rau hauv xaus, xav tias lub cell organelles thiab lawv cov functions, nws yog heev yooj yim mus qhia ib tug "unit ntawm lub neej lub cev", uas yuav tsum tau tsa thawj. Conventionally, qhov no organelle yog xaiv cov tub ntxhais raws li ib tug tib neeg lub cev yog ib tug loj lub plawv. Nyob rau hauv kev muaj tiag, tag nrho cov organelles txhawb ib tug ntau yam ntawm tshuaj, lub cev thiab lom dab, yog li ntawd kev ua tau zoo ntawm lub cell, thiab muaj ib tug txheej ntawm txawv zog uas yog ua ke nyob rau hauv lub generic lub sij hawm ntawm lub neej.