Ontology - ib tug philosophical lus qhuab qhia ntawm lawv uas twb muaj lawm

Ontology - ib tug philosophical nug mus rau hauv lub qhov ntawm lub hav zoov, ua ib tug kev muaj tiag, qhov yooj yim pawg ntawm qab thiab lawv sib raug zoo. Feeb nws yog suav tias yog ib feem ntawm xws li ib tug philosophical kev lag luam raws li metaphysics. Ontology deals nrog tej teeb meem uas muaj nyob, thiab yuav ua li cas cov chaw yuav grouped raws li ib qho hierarchy, muab faib raws li zoo sib xws thiab sib txawv. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd mus rau lub tsum muaj ontology soj ntsuam txog cov universal kev cai ntawm lub neej, muaj ntau ntau yam sub-sections, muaj raws li nws cov khoom cov phenomena (eg, ontology ntawm kab lis kev cai).

Lo lus "ontology" yog ua los ntawm cov Greek cov hauv paus hniav "Ontos", uas txhais tau tias "ib yam li; nws yog dab tsi "thiab" logos ", piv txwv li "Science, kev tshawb xav, kev tshawb fawb." Thiab txawm hais tias nws yog ib yam uas Greek keeb kwm, tus thawj mention ntawm cov lus nyob rau hauv phau ntawv sau nyob rau hauv Latin. Nyob rau hauv lus Askiv nws zoo nkaus li nyob rau hauv cov phau ntawv txhais Natanielya Beyli nyob rau hauv 1721, uas yog txhais raws li "ib tug paub daws teeb hauj lwm ntawm cov hav zoov." Qhov no, ntawm chav kawm, yuav qhia hais tias thaum lub sij hawm lo lus yog twb nyob rau hauv kev siv.

Nyob rau hauv analytic philosophy ontology - cov lus qhuab qhia, uas yog koom nyob rau hauv kev txiav txim yuav tsum muaj pawg kev ua thiab nug txog, "ua ib ke" nyob rau hauv kev txiav txim zoo tau lub ntsiab ntawm pawg no. Txoj kev tshawb no aimed ntawm ib leeg, tsis muaj lub hom phiaj mus nrhiav tau tawm, piv txwv li, tus neeg zog thiab cov lus tseeb hais txog tej yam chaw.

Sim kom daws tau qhov teeb meem ntawm ontology, ib co philosophers, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog Platonists, khaws cia hais tias tag nrho cov npe (xws li paub daws teeb npe) xa mus rau lub yeej uas twb muaj lawm. Lwm yam philosophers sib tw no los thawb lub saib hais tias npe yeej tsis txheeb beings, tab sis ib txhia ntawm lawv hais ib tug siv rau ib pab pawg neeg ntawm zoo xws li cov khoom los yog tshwm sim. Raws li qhov tseeb, lub siab, es tsis txhob taw tes rau tej yam uas, yog hais txog mus rau ib tug pab pawg neeg ntawm kev puas hlwb tshwm sim, tej tus neeg. Yog li, lo lus "haiv neeg" yog txuam nrog rau cov collective duab ntawm cov neeg uas muaj tej yeeb yam zoo, tab sis lo lus "geometry" yog txuam nrog ib tug kev txawj ntse ua ub no.

Ntawm cov extremes, cov sawv cev realism thiab nominalism, muaj ntau ntau lwm yam ntsiab lus ntawm view, tab sis tej ontology - yog ib tug science, uas yuav tsum tau muab ib lub tswv yim dab tsi lub tswv yim xa mus rau kev muaj tiag, yog dab tsi - tsis muaj, rau li cas vim li cas thiab dab tsi pawg peb muaj raws li ib tug tshwm sim. Thaum ib tug zoo li txoj kev tshawb no yuav tswv yim zoo li qhov chaw, lub sij hawm, yog vim li cas, kev zoo siab, kev sib cuag, lub hwj chim thiab Pawg Vajtswv, ontology yuav tsum muaj nyob rau hauv relation to ntau philosophical ceg.

Yog li, ib tug ontology - ib tug philosophical lus qhuab qhia, ib txoj ntsiab cai uas tseem ceeb yog qhov teeb meem ntawm kev ua raws li xws li. Yuav ua li cas yog ua li cas thiab yuav hu ua lub uas twb muaj lawm? Kuv faib tej yam rau hauv no, thiab yog hais tias yog li ntawd, yog dab tsi? Yuav ua li cas yog lub ntsiab ntawm lub neej, cov nqi ntawm tej yam uas? Ntau yam xav thoob plaws hauv keeb kwm ntawm philosophy muab sib txawv cov lus teb rau cov lus nug no, uas tej zaum yuav muaj kev cuam tshuam ntawm qhov xwm ntawm ib tug era los yog kab lis kev cai.