"Nyuj qus" - hovercraft. Me tsaws hovercraft project 12322

Marines - ib tug tshwj xeeb zoo ntawm pab tub rog. Lawv yuav tsum tau ua tsaws rau unprepared qhov chaw ntawm lub ntug dej hiav txwv, qhov chaw uas tsis muaj ib tug yog tos. Yam tseem ceeb uas ua kom ntseeg tau kov yeej kev, daim ntawv teev ntev. Qhov no surprise, ceev ntawm tus me nyuam mus rau qhov chaw ntawm tsaws, stealth thiab muaj peev xwm mus nrhiav tau ib tug haib hluav taws them nyiaj yug. Feem ntau, lub tsaws yog tau siv tsaws ships, nruab nrog du los yog siv koom haum pab khoom siv tes ua. Tab sis Lavxias teb sab Marines muaj kev txhais tau tias, uas tsis muaj lwm yam pab tub rog nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no. project ships "Zubr" yuav tsis tsuas ua ib tug tsaws, tab sis kuj tsiv mus nyob rau daim av, txawm yog yus qhov xwm ntawm cov av, tsav tsheb thaum muaj hluav taws thiab kis tus kab mob ntshai ntawm cov yeeb ncuab.

Tus thawj thwmsim

Ntawm daim card rau kom thiab tag nrho-struts yog unprecedented nyob rau hauv tus thawj hom kev thauj. Cov haib propellers tsim ib tug hauv qab ntawm cov hlab overpressure, thiab nws freezes nyob rau hauv ib tug predetermined qhov siab. Lub tswv yim originated nyob rau hauv lub lig twenties, lub Soviet engineer Levkova, uas ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lub Novocherkassk shipyard. Lawv ua tau ib tsab, muaj npe tom qab tus neeg sau ntawm lub project "Levkov-1" (N-1), tab sis, txawm cov cuab prospect, tuaj "tsis mus rau lub tsev hais plaub." Nyob rau hauv nruab nrab ntawm lub thib ob ib nrab ntawm cov thirties haum es ib txwm martial txhais tau tias, thiab noob twb ntawm "horsemen" thiab "tankers." Npaum ci ntsa iab lub tswv yim nws yog mus rau tsis muaj ib tug. Ua hauj lwm muab, thiab nco ntsoov hais tias lawv tsuas nyob rau hauv lub 50s, thaum lub Soviet txawj ntse kawm ntawm zoo xws li cov western txoj kev loj hlob.

Tsim "Pob zeb diamond" Bureau commissioned cov creation ntawm tshwj xeeb tsaws khoom siv tes ua. Tonnage warships (lub nkoj tua rog, cruisers) ces txiav mus rau hauv seem hlau, thiab lub teb chaws txoj kev coj noj coj ua nyob rau hauv lub ntsej muag ntawm N. S. Hruscheva nyiam tej yam txawv tej yaam num, revolutionary thiab zoo heev. Thiab xws yog cov hlob ntawm "Almaz" - "Nqes hav" yog ib tug symbiosis ntawm amphibians thiab tej nkoj nquam tshuav cov khoom thiab thaum ntxov sixties. Ua ntej yuav cocking Tubrog nkoj txog ntsha yog tsu mus rau lub tsaws point nrog ib tug piav qhia lub tsheb ciav hlau ceev (90 km / h). Ib tug ncaj xeeb leej xeeb ntxwv ntawm qhov txuj ci no ntawm technology yog tus "Zubr" hovercraft.

Lwm cov tswv yim ntawm tsaws

Lub tsheb muaj ib tug wheeled los yog tracked chassis, yuav tsiv los ntawm thaj av thiab kov yeej nyuaj obstacles, tab sis obstacles heights ntau yog tsawg. Muaj armored kho vajtse uas tej zaum yuav ntab, tab sis lawv cov shipping zoo yog feem ntau tsis sib haum mus rau lub notion ntawm "nkoj", lawv qeeb-tsiv thiab kuj tsis paub pab ua ntej nkag mus rau lub puam. Muaj warships, tshwj xeeb lub hom phiaj, rau cov thauj thiab tsaws, raws li ib feem ntawm cov uas yuav ua tau ob peb armored tsheb thiab manpower. Cov nkoj nquam kuj muaj disadvantages, lawv lam tau lam ua vim hais tias ntawm qeeb mus, rau qhov muaj kev vam meej kev kawm ntawv ntawm kev sib ntaus los paub tab lawv yuav tsum tau qhov kev tsim nyog bank. Tsuas yog 14% ntawm cov ntug hiav txwv dej haum rau tsaws nrog MDC (tsiaj ntawv txhais tau tias ib tug me me tsaws nkoj) dewatering hom zoo nce thiab qhib nruab nrab kem.

Muaj lwm lub tswvyim tsim nyob rau hauv tsis ntev los no decades. Qhov no yuav tsaws-ntug. Nws essence lies nyob rau hauv lub fact tias lub ntsiab lub nkoj yog deb ntawm lub ntug dej hiav txwv, thiab cov me nyuam ntawm armored tsheb nqa tawm los ntawm tshwj xeeb rau tus kheej-propelled me me tej nkoj nquam. Nws yog npaj rau xws li ib tug xa me nyuam rov nyoob hoom qav taub chav kawm ntawv "Mistral". Cog nyob rau hauv no yav tas ua tau, ntawm chav kawm, tsuas nyob rau hauv lub tiav dominance av, huab cua thiab dej. Yuav ua li cas yuav tshwm sim rau pab tub rog yog hais tias tus nrog sib ntaus muaj ib tug zoo txhais tau tias ntawm countering (nqaum tiv thaiv systems, piv txwv li), koj yuav yooj yim xav txog tej yam. Nws yog mus ua hauj lwm raws li cov khoom noj rau cov ntses.

Yuav tsaws khoom siv tes ua "Zubr" yog ceev, nws tsis nyob rau hauv lub ntug dej hiav txwv, nws firepower yog nyob rau hauv nws tus kheej ib tug kev hem thawj rau tus yeeb ncuab txoj defenses. Nyob rau hauv kev, nws yog yuav luag ib qho zoo tagnrho txhais tau tias ntawm tsaws. Nws yuav cater rau 78 rau ib xees ntawm lub ntiaj teb marine thiab dej hiav txwv ntug dej hiav txwv.

tsev nyob

Cov kev siv ntawm cov feem ntau nyuaj marine tsaws chaw nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no raws li nyob rau hauv ntau lawm thiab kev tshawb fawb los luj, tsim nyob rau hauv CB "Almaz". Nyob rau hauv lub lig seventies lub Soviet shipbuilders muaj qhov kev paub ntawm kev tsim kho ntawm hovercrafts ( "Squid", "Nqes hav" thiab lwm yam tsaws khoom siv tes ua tej yaam num). muaj pov thawj KVP "Adelia" (project tooj 12321) lub feem ntau muaj kev vam meej. Nws txoj kev loj hlob pib nram qab no qhov kev txiav txim code 12322 "Zubr". Main kabmob tsev nyob siv yog tsim raws li ib lub Pontoon (57,3 L x 25,6 W x 21,9 H, m), nyob rau hauv uas yog mounted ib superstructure, nyob rau hauv lem, muab faib mus rau hauv peb longitudinally oriented compartments. By functionality yog central cargo qhov chaw nyob rau hauv lub sab uas muaj zog units, cov neeg ua qhov chaw thiab thauj units, ruaj ntseg tshuab, kom ntseeg tau qhov tseem ceeb heev kev ua si (xws li nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm riam phom uas huab hwm coj puas tsuaj). Room neeg ua hauj lwm thiab tsaws systems yog nruab nrog cua-txias, cua, cua kub, suab nrov, thiab lawv yog insulated. Muaj chaw rau zaub mov noj.

Lub cev yog ua los ntawm welded technology, cov ntaub ntawv uas - ib tug high-zog nonmagnetic txhuas-magnesium alloy siab xeb kuj.

Lub tswv yim ntawm cov layout belongs rau cov thawj ntawm cov designer ntawm peb tes num Koronatova GD

Cov hluav taws xob ib feem

actuators tswj - tsis yog ib qho yooj yim ua hauj lwm. Lavxias teb sab warships hom yog tsav los ntawm turbine xyaw, nrog rau cov kev zam ntawm submarines, lub screws uas yog loaded rau hluav taws xob motors. hwj chim system MDC "Lub nyuj qus" tau raug tsa mus piv rau rau ib tug zoo xws li cov ntsiab cai ntawm kev tswj systems. Lub nkoj nyob rau hauv ib tug huab cua cushion yog tsis yooj yim kom nyob ib predetermined siab saum toj no qhov chaw, qhov no yuav tsum tau ib tug ntau ntawm lub zog. Tsim nws lub hwj chim, ob tug ntawm lawv raws li stokilovattny roj turbine generator (tseem muaj ob) txhua yog tsim nyog. Tag nrho cov muaj peev xwm ntawm cov fais fab nroj tsuag hom M35, ua los ntawm RPC "Kaj ntug - Mashproekt" yog 50 txhiab horsepower. Care commander cu-5 (electromechanical warhead) yog lub ntsiab faib boards (MDF). Management yog nqa tawm remotely los ntawm SERS (ntsiab hais kom ua post), muaj ntau yam ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm yog cia li nyob rau hauv thiaj li yuav txhim kho ergonomics. Nyob rau hauv lub tswvyim tseem muaj tej thaj chaw deb consoles.

tshuab khiav

Khaws hnyav nkoj (nws xaav yog 555 tons) nyob rau hauv ib tug muab qhov siab yog tseem nyuaj, nws yog, tom qab tag nrho, tsis yog ib tug nyoob hoom qav taub. Lub airbag nyob rau hauv lub nkoj ib qho plaub chetyrehlepestnyh txhaj ntsia hlau txoj kab uas hla ntawm 25 000 hli, nruab nrog yuam kauj ruam ntawm lwm yam uas. Ua ke nrog cov hluav taws xob lub cev muaj zog ntawm txhua paug tsev (DK-10). Kab rov tav zog yog ua los ntawm glissernomu hauv paus ntsiab lus. Thawb lub tsaws khoom siv tes ua cua cushion "Zubr" peb kiv cua nrog adjustable teb tuaj nrog tau reversing ib lub cheeb ntawm 55,000 hli, mounted rau ib lub nplhaib ntawm polymer puas landings, txo suab nrov. Los ntawm cov propellers ceev rau ib cov ntaub ntawv ntawm 90 km / h, thiab cov kev hloov nyob rau hauv lub ratio ntawm thrust txhua ntawm lawv tso cai rau koj mus maneuver zoo.

ciam teb cushion

Nyob rau hauv thiaj li yuav tawm huab cua tsis yog sab laug nyob rau hauv lub sab, thiab "ua hauj lwm" los ntawm kev tuav lub ponderous txog ntsha ntawm ib tug muab clearance, muab constructive restraints. Lawv yog ib tug saj zawg zog enclosure, ua los ntawm ob tug-theem tswvyim. Lub receiver yog saj zawg zog, hinged ntsiab sib cais ob keels crosswise, transverse thiab longitudinal. Tag nrho cov no yog tsis yog ib qho yooj yim system tso cai rau koj mus securely "relying" nyob rau compressed cua yog xws li ib tug tshuab, raws li cov "nyuj qus." Hovercraft so los yog txav mus txog kom txog thaum lub siab sib npaug nws hnyav yog tsa, yog hais tias nws yog tsim nyog los mus kov yeej tus struts irregularities, thiab ntog mus rau hauv av thaum nws yog lub sij hawm mus nqa tawm lub tsaws thiab unloading ntawm cov tub rog cov khoom. Rau nws, tsis muaj teeb meem dab tsi rau qhov xwm ntawm tus nto ntawm cov dej los yog lub teb chaws yog, xav ntau yog dav txaus, thiab muaj peev xwm "nkag" nyob deb tshaj cov coastline distinguishes nws los ntawm lwm yam ntau ntau thiab cov pa tsaws khoom siv tes ua.

muaj peev xwm

Yuav tsaws khoom siv tes ua cua cushion "Zubr" nyob rau hauv tag nrho nws cov title modestly xa mus rau raws li "me me". Nws yuav xa cov yam taw tes rau ntawm lub chaw ntug hiav cheeb tsam "tsuas" mechanized battalion ntawm Marines nyob rau hauv kaum armored tsheb nrog lawv crews. Nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb, qhov luaj li cas thiab muaj peev xwm ntawm cov chav kawm ntawv KVP sib npaug nws tsis muaj. Nyob rau tsaws txuj nws sau raws nkaus Ii es mus rau lub tswvyim ntawm "nruab nrab tsaws nkoj" (mus rau lub loj tshaj, nws tseem tsis tuav), yog hais tias peb coj ib tug analogue nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm ib tug pa dewatering txog ntsha nce thiab qhib nruab nrab kem nyob rau ntawm ntug ntawm lub ntug dej. Raws li qhia los ntawm cov lus qhuab qhia ntawm lub "West-2009", ua tau cog nrog MDKVP "Zubr" yuav muaj cov nram qab no kev xaiv rau tub rog:

- peb T-80 (T-90) uas mus txog 150 tons;

- BMP 8 (115 tons);

- 10 APCs ntxiv 140 Marines;

- Yim floating teeb tso tsheb hlau luam.

Lub tsaws nyob rau hauv lub plaub neeg coob tej qhov chaw rau 140 tus neeg txhua lub. Tau tus me nyuam xaiv xwb manpower, tsis khoom, nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, muaj cov tseem 366 rooj thiab tag nrho cov xov tooj ntawm cov servicemen cog nce mus rau tsib puas. Qhov no tej zaum yuav tsim nyog yog hais tias tus yuav tsum tau sawv nyob rau hauv lub qhov cuab lub zog, tab sis ua luam dej endurance txo mus rau ob peb teev. Marines - cov tib neeg, lawv yuav tsum tau noj thiab so, thiab cov tej yam kev mob yog tsis yog lub feem ntau xis nyob rau hauv lub cargo tuav.

Rau direct landings yog qhov ntswg rooj vag, tig-down thiab tsim ib qho kev nkag nruab nrab kem, rests nyob rau hauv av.

weaponry

Yuav tsaws khoom siv tes ua "Zubr" - tsis yog ib tug txhais tau tias ntawm tus me nyuam ntawm cov neeg ua thiab khoom mus rau cov inhospitable shores ntawm tus yeeb ncuab, nws yuav muab tso rau lub missile thiab artillery ntaus rau suppress tau kuj entrenched yeeb ncuab, muab hluav taws pab txhawb nqa thiab tiv thaiv tiv thaiv tau tawm tsam los ntawm cov yeeb ncuab aircraft. Yog tsis muaj cov kev sib ntaus los muaj peev xwm raws li ib tug zoo meej lub tshuab nyob rau hauv lub qhov muag ntawm cov tub rog cov neeg ua yuav nyob twj ywm ib tug yooj yim "sab", txawm ceev thiab maneuverable.

Ntawm no yog ib co ntawm cov "cov cuab yeej" los xyuas kom meej tias tsim nyog firepower yog txawm peem rau nrog "Zubr". Hovercraft armed nrog:

- Ob tug missile launchers "hluav taws" A-22, firing unguided rockets caliber ntawm 140,3 hli.

- Ob tug automatic chaw AK-630 30 mm caliber nrog mos txwv nyob rau hauv peb txhiab tus neeg zoo li.

- Yim anti-aircraft missile systems "Igla" (tej zaum txawv teb chaws tswv siv lub US "Stingers").

Nyob rau board muaj yog teem ntawm Reb "slabbing" uas tabkaum ua hauj lwm ntawm tus yeeb ncuab kev sib txuas lus thiab nrhiav kom tau lub nruab.

Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, "nyuj qus" yuav nteg mines nyob rau hauv cov mos txwv ntawm 20 daim. Qhov siab tshaj plaws installation lub sij hawm - 1 teev 20 feeb.

Ntawm cov hoob kawm, ua ntej no cruiser nkoj tsis tuav, tab sis nws yuav tsum tau borne nyob rau hauv lub siab hais tias nyob rau hauv niaj hnub rog ib leeg nws yuav tsum tsis txhob ua, thiab cov rog, thiab cov huab cua, thiab yog hais tias tsim nyog - thiab tactically-missile kev pab txhawb nqa yuav tsum tau muab rau nws.

American counterpart

Amphibious ships, floating saum toj no cov dej saum npoo, thiab muaj nyob rau hauv qhov kev pab ntawm cov US Army. Lawv cov official lub npe - LCAC (tsaws khoom siv tes ua cua Cushion), lawv yog npaj rau tib lub hom phiaj raws li lub "nyuj qus." Layout transoceanic qauv txawv los ntawm Soviet analog architecture, xws li cov superstructure yog tsis tuaj kawm ntawv, tab sis muaj ib tug Pontoon lawj fenced cheeb tsam ntawm 182 sq. m, nyob rau hauv uas yog muab tso rau cov khoom nrog rau cov contingent yuav tsum tau tsaws. LCAC yog ntau npaum li cas coj tus, "nyuj qus" thiab qhov luaj li cas thiab lub hwj chim ntawm lub fais fab nroj tsuag (16 txhiab. Hp). Nws ntev yog 27 meters, dav - 14 m. Roj noj, txawm li cas los, rolls lawm, ib teev hlawv xya puas litres ntawm cov roj. Txog ntsha nyhav 170 tonnes. Cov tsiv nws glisserno ob screws nrog ib lub cheeb ntawm 70 cm mus rau 3 m thawb nws rau pem hauv ntej los yog rov qab. Maximum ceev yog hais txog tib yam li hais tias ntawm "Zubr" Project txog ntsha. Ntxiv xyaw yog siv los tsav. Lub lifting pas nrig yog muab nrog plaub propellers qhia downward. Tus luj ntawm lub payload - 70 tons.

Nyob rau hauv ib qho kev rau siab mus pab txhawb kev tsim kho, American engineers tau txiav txim siab los ua tsis tau lub add-ons thiab cov chaw rau cov neeg ua, uas tsim txoj kev pheej hmoo ntawm raug ntxuav tam sim ntawd dua lub sab - lawj ntawm ceev yuav nplua los ntawm dej splashes.

Tus kheej riam phom Watercraft tsis.

Yuav kom saib lub ntsab lug tag nrho cov tswv yim thiab kev cov ntaub ntawv ntawm lub American tsaws khoom siv tes ua cua cushion, nws muaj peev xwm yuav xaus lus tias nws kev sib ntaus los muaj peev xwm ua tau zoo mus rau qhov zoo ntawm "Zubr" hais txog peb lub sij hawm. Marines on board nws yuav siv sij hawm tsis muaj ntau tshaj li 170 nyob rau hauv lub qhaj ntawv ntawm cov tub rog cov khoom rau lawj. Tab sis qhov no tshuab yog tsim nyog ntawm cov xim, tab sis nws lwv nrog lub Soviet qauv ntawm kev loj hlob yog tsis muaj Western DKVP.

tswj ntawm lub nkoj hom San Antonio thiab nkawj yuav tsum tau ib tug heev loj kev cob qhia, nws tsis yog ib qho yooj yim tau sai dlua. Cov ships yog raws li nyob rau hauv lub US tsuas yog nyob rau hauv lub naval puag nyob rau hauv Virginia.

Yuav ua li cas npaum li cas yog sab laug, "nyuj qus"?

Nrog rau tag nrho cov zoo ntawm no zoo kawg nkaus tshem me me ntawm lub Soviet tiv thaiv kev lag luam yuav tsis tab sis ntxiv mus rau lub glorious chim ntawm zib ntab, uas, tsis muaj nrog, tsim nyog ntawm nws creators, thiab ib dia ntawm ib. Thaum lub sij hawm ntawm lub cev qhuav dej ntawm lub Soviet Union raws li ib feem ntawm cov Dub hiav txwv fleet xws li yim units DKVP "Zubr". Qhov no brigade ntawm amphibious ships twb muab faib unequally, tab sis raws li cov kwv tij: Russia tau txais tsib (ntawm lawv - tus thawj chiv keeb, nws yuav tsis muab suav hais tias), thiab Ukraine - peb cov hlab ntsha ( "Kramatorsk", "Artemivsk" thiab "Horlivka"). Rov champions ntawm universal kev ncaj ncees yog tsis nqi nws. Lawv twb tsis yuav tsum tau Ukrainian Navy thiab cov neeg "nyuj qus", uas nws tau txais kom lawv muab tau tshaj lub hwj chim ntawm cov tub rog kev siv nyiaj. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, nyob rau hauv Feodosia twb tiav ob ntau ships, yog ib tus uas ua tsis tau tejyam mus ua kom tiav. Ib zaug ntxiv, nws yog kev ncaj ncees yuav tau nco ntsoov hais tias cov Lavxias teb sab fleet kuj kom lawv "nyuj qus" tsis yog tus zoo tshaj plaws txoj kev. Thaum tim Nkij teb chaws (lub teb chaws - ib tug tswv cuab ntawm NATO) qhia ib tug lub siab xav mus yuav cim warships, lub Ukraine thiab Russia muaj mus yuav ib tug khub ntawm daim. Lub lw coj qhov chaw.

Tom qab ntawd, peb seem units tau sau tawm raws li puas los ntawm lub Naval rog ntawm Ukraine, thiab, feem ntau yuav, txiav mus rau hauv seem hlau, qhov kev thov rau cov uas yog ib txwm muaj.

Yog li ntawd, nyob rau hauv lub "nyuj qus" tshwm sim los ntawm cov Greeks lub feem ntau, raws li muaj ntau yam raws li plaub. Lavxias teb sab Navy muaj ob units, thaum nyob rau hauv Tuam Tshoj - ib tug nyob rau hauv lub tiav Ukrainian Shipyards. Los ntawm txoj kev, nyob rau hauv Tuam Tshoj nws yog npaj tsim kho ntawm plaub ntau cov ntawv luam. Ukrainian cov kws txawj tau muab kev pab thiab kev cov ntaub ntawv.

Raws li ib yam nplij yus, peb yuav hais tias cov kev sib ntaus los siv ntawm "nyuj qus" nyob rau hauv lub Georgian-Abkhaz teeb meem kom txog thaum nws yeej txawv txav thiab muaj kev vam meej. Paub meej ntawm cov tub rog ua hauj lwm nrog lawv koom tes cov pej xeem yog tsis paub.