Computers, Programming
Cmd. exe - yog dab tsi? Cmd. exe - daim ntawv thov kev ua yuam kev
Lub qhov rais hais kom ua kab, txawm hais tias nws yog nrov nrog cov thawj coj thiab advanced PC cov neeg siv, zoo tib yam cov tswv ntawm koj tus kheej computers yog tsis paub. Lub hom phiaj ntawm qhov tsab xov xwm - mus paub cov neeg uas muaj cov kev pab cuam uas lawv yuav tau txais los ntawm siv nws.
Lub qhov rais operating system yog lub npe hu rau nws graphical neeg siv interface, thiab ntau cov neeg muaj tsis nco qab lawm los yeej tsis hnov txog pab hais kom ua-line zog. Lub qhov rais - qhov no yog ntau tshaj "cia li taw tes thiab nyem." Cov keyboard thiab qhov hais kom ua kab yuav ntxiv ho mus tus nas icons.
Cmd.exe - yog dab tsi?
Qhov hais kom ua kab tshwm thaum uas koj pib cmd.exe. Nws yog ib tug mauj txheej txheem ntawm MS qhov rais, raws li zoo raws li qhov hais kom ua neeg txhais lus, uas txhawb nqa cov ntaub ntawv thiab network PC zog. Cmd.exe sau, daus daim ntaub ntawv thiab ferrying cov ntaub ntawv nruab nrab ntawm lawv. Cov txheej txheem yuav siv sij hawm cov ntaub ntawv nkag mus rau hauv lub system nyob rau hauv ib tug intelligible daim ntawv ntawm cov operating system. Cmd.exe ua hauj lwm ib tug xov tooj ntawm ua-nyob rau hauv commands tua nyob rau hauv lub plhaub ib puag ncig.
Cov yav tas yog ib qho kev pab uas muab ncaj qha kev sib txuas lus nruab nrab ntawm cov neeg siv thiab cov kev khiav hauj lwm qhov system. Siv rau cov tsim thiab editing scripts (batch ntaub ntawv) rau txawv hom phiaj. Piv txwv li, los tswj cov neeg siv nyiaj. Kev siv cov plhaub kev pab cuam ua rau nws ua tau rau automate ib co ua hauj lwm. Qhov no yog sai npaum li cas tshaj lub recourse mus rau sab nraud cov kev pab cuam. Koj yuav tau teem ib tug hais kom sai li sai tau qhov rais rau koj saj thiab tswj lub tua ntawm kev pab raws qib.
Hu mus rau tus hais kom ua kab
Hais kom ua kab, koj yuav tau hu rau lub lub community launch ntawm daim ntawv thov nyob rau hauv lub system directory System32 \ cmd.exe. Yuav ua li cas yog ib qhov nyuaj? Nws muaj lwm yam kev xaiv:
- Cov ntawv qhia zaub mov yam khoom "Pib - Tag nrho cov kev pab cuam - Qhov rai system - kom ua txhob."
- Mus rau lub "Start" ntawv qhia zaub mov nyob rau hauv lub box nrhiav, hom cmd, thiab ces khiav lub "hais kom ua kab".
- Ua startup ua ke daim ntawv thov qhov rais hauv lub lag luam Yeej + R, hom cmd thiab nias "Pib".
- Txoj cai nias rau ntawm lub "Start" ntawv qhia zaub mov yuav tau hu rau ib tug pop-up qhov rais thiab xaiv cov kev kawm yam khoom. Khiav hauv daim ntawv thov raws li ib tug neeg khiav dej num xaiv cov "kom ua txhob (Admin)."
- Right-clicking nrog lub simultaneous tuav haujlwm thiab kev mus "ntaub ntawv Explorer" yuav ua rau ib tug lub ntsiab lus teb ntawv qhia zaub mov uas koj yuav tsum xaiv "Qhib hais kom ua qhov rais ntawm no". Raws li ib tug tshwm sim, yuav muaj ib tug hais kom-line khiav nyob rau hauv lub xaiv directory.
Yuav kom sau rau hauv qhov System 32 \ cmd.exe nyob rau hauv lub "Start" ntawv qhia zaub mov, koj yuav tsum nias rau ntawm qhov kev pab cuam, right-click thiab los ntawm lub ntsiab lus teb ntawv qhia zaub mov, xaiv "Pin Pib Ntawv qhia zaub mov".
configuration
Teeb hais kom ua qhov rais yuav ua tau los ntawm txhaj rau txoj kev nas khawm ntawm lub npe bar thiab xaiv "Default". Cov xaiv qhov chaw yog muab khaws cia tseg rau tom ntej zaug cmd.exe ua hauj lwm. "Properties" yuav tsum tau siv kom meej nqis rau qhov tam sim no kev sib kho.
Koj muaj peev xwm xaiv lub font chaw, qhov rai loj thiab txoj hauj lwm, ntawv xim, tom qab transparency.
Yog hais tias koj xaiv "Thas xim rau tus nas" koj muaj peev xwm xaiv ntawv nyeem los tuav cia cov laug khawm ntawm lub ntxias, thiab lub "Sau" qhov tseem ceeb rau luam rau cov ntawv los teev cia.
Xim hais kom ua qhov rais kuj yuav teem rau ntawm ib tug Cmd.exe yog pib nrog cov parameter / t: FG, qhov twg f teev cov ntawv nyeem xim, thiab g - tom qab nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov hexadecimal tug lej tom qab 0 F: dub (0), xiav (1) ntsuab (2 ), aqua (3) liab (4) violet (5) thiab daj (6), dawb (7) thiab lub teeb qhov tseem ceeb nyob rau hauv qhov kev txiav txim nrog cov lis dej num los ntawm 8 rau F.
Daws Cmd.exe: yog dab tsi?
Thaum cov kab hais kom yog pib thiab lwm yam lag luam siv. Syntax pib Cmd.exe daim ntawv thov yog raws li nram no:
cmd [[{/ c | / k}] [/ s] [/ q] [/ d] [{/ a | / u}] [/ t: FG] [/ e: {rau | tawm}] [/ f: {rau | tawm}] [/ v: {rau | tawm}] hlua] qhov twg:
- c executes qhov hais kom ua teev tseg los ntawm txoj hlua thiab nyob hauv daim ntawv thov;
- k executes qhov hais kom ua teev tseg los ntawm txoj hlua thiab tseem hauv daim ntawv thov;
- s kab hloov tom qab kev kho mob hauv lub lag luam / c los yog ib tug / k;
- q disables lub tso zis rau lub screen;
- d disables autostart ;
- teev cov qhov tso zis rau ib tug qauv ANSI;
- u lub sij lub tso zis Unicode;
- t: FG teev cov ntawv nyeem xim thiab tom qab;
- e: {rau | tawm} txuas thiab disconnects siv ntawm ib ncua txheej lus txib;
- f: {rau | tawm} txuas thiab disconnects qhov kawg ntawm cov ntaub ntawv lub npe los yog nplaub tshev;
- v: {rau | tawm} txuas thiab disconnects lub ncua puag ncig nce mus nce los expansion kaw nruab nrab ntawm, thaum lub sij hawm tua ntawm qhov hais kom ua ;!
- "Txoj hlua" qhia txog qhov hais kom ua koj xav mus ua;
- /? qhia pab nyob rau hauv qhov hais kom ua qhov rais.
Ob peb pawg ib zaug
Thaum qhov hais kom ua kab, teev raws li ib tug parameter, koj yuav qhia ob los sis ntau Cmd.exe-pab neeg. Ua li no, cov hlua yuav tsum tau muab ntim rau hauv hais tias, thiab cov pab pawg sib cais los ntawm ib tug sib lawv liag ntawm cim &&.
Cov tib hais kom ua separator yog siv nyob rau hauv qhov hais kom ua kab nws tus kheej. Ntawm no nws yog hu ua tus neeg teb xov tooj THIAB: && komanda_1 komanda_2 yog komanda_1 ua tiav raws li ntse, nws puv komanda_2.
Team Kev twb kev txuas & teb xov tooj: komanda_1 & komanda_2: komanda_2 tseg tom qab komanda_1 pab neeg.
LOS YOG neeg teb xov tooj: komanda_1 || komanda_2: komanda_2 tseg yog tias komanda_1 tsis tau rau txim tuag.
Lub pipeline neeg teb xov tooj |: komanda_1 | komanda_2: komanda_1 tso zis ntaub ntawv ntawm lub redirected tswv yim komanda_2.
Grouping commands ua siv koov: (komanda_1 & komanda_2) || komanda_3 yog komanda_1 thiab komanda_2 tsis txaus siab, ces tseg komanda_3.
Yog hais tias ntau pawg muaj ntau tshaj ib tug parameter, lawv raug sib cais los ntawm cov cim comma los yog semicolon: komanda_1 parametr_1; parametr_2
Ib txhia lwm cov tswv:
- hais kom ua> ntaub ntawv redirects qhov hais kom ua tso zis rau ib tug cov ntaub ntawv, txoj kev kom nws los overwriting ib tug uas twb muaj lawm ib tug;
- hais kom ua >> ntaub ntawv ntxiv tso zis rau ntawm ib tug hais kom ib tug uas twb muaj lawm cov ntaub ntawv los yog tsim ib tug tshiab ib;
- hais kom ua
siv lub txheem ntawm cov ntaub ntawv raws li ib tug hais kom cov tswv yim; - @echo tawm siv nyob rau hauv batch ntaub ntawv rau nws lov tes taw qhov hais kom ua tso zis rau lub screen.
shortcuts
Thaum ua hauj lwm nrog cov kab hais kom, koj muaj peev xwm thiab yuav tsum tau siv cov keyboard shortcuts:
- Button ↓ / ↑ - loops los ntawm yav tas los ntaus commands.
- Backspace - deletes cov ua cim rau sab laug ntawm lub cursor.
- Ctrl Tsev - blurs cov kab mus rau sab laug.
- Ctrl End - erases txoj cai kab.
- Ctrl ← - tsiv cursor ib lo lus mus rau sab laug (rov qab).
- Ctrl → - tsiv cursor ib lo lus mus rau sab xis (rau pem hauv ntej).
- Ctrl-C - aborts tam sim no hais kom ua.
- Esc - clears qhov hais kom ua kab.
- F1 - sib npaug rau nias lub txoj xub. Txhua xovxwm ntawm nws hom rau qhov hais kom ua kab nyob rau hauv kev txiav txim ntawm ib tug cim ntawm lub xeem hais kom ua.
- F2 - qhia lub xeem hais kom ua lub cim yog nias tom qab ib tug muaj nuj nqi tseem ceeb.
- F3 - qhia txog tus kawg hais kom ua kiag li.
- F4 - mus tshem tawm qhov hais kom ua lub cim, lub nkag mus hauv tom qab nias cov nuj nqi tseem ceeb.
- F5 - sib npaug rau pem xub, nkag mus rau hauv dhau theem ntawm pab neeg no.
- F6 - raws li tus yuam sij ua ke Ctrl + Z thiab inserts lub EOF cim.
- F7 - qhia ib qhov rais nrog ib daim ntawv teev yav tas los ntaus commands.
- Cov keyboard shortcut Alt + F7 - tuskheej qhov hais kom ua keeb kwm.
- F8 - sib npaug rau F5 nrog cyclic repetition. Yog hais tias koj nias F8 tom qab nkag mus rau cov thawj cov cim ntawm yav tas los nkag mus hauv commands, nws kev pab cuam yog tag nrho.
- F9 - INSERT hais kom ua, uas tooj nyob rau hauv lub keeb kwm ntawm commands sau raws nkaus Ii mus rau lub xov tooj dialed tom qab cov kev ua qhov tseem ceeb.
- Insert - keyboards lub tswv yim hom insert / overwrite.
- Tab - txiav populates cov nplaub tshev los sis cov ntaub ntawv npe, sorting xaiv rau txhua tom ntej xovxwm. Hloov + Tab reverses busting.
Internal thiab sab nraud pawg
Nyob rau hauv lub console commands yuav siv tau ob hom - sab hauv thiab sab nraud. Internal ua-nyob rau hauv neeg txhais lus thiab muaj peev xwm nkaus xwb yuav khiav los ntawm cov kab hais kom. Sab nraud community launch ib daim executable los ntawm ob lub console thiab los ntawm cov ntawv qhia zaub mov "Pib - Khiav". Lawv daim ntawv teev yuav tsum accessed siv cov kev pab kom ua. Ib tug xav paub ntxiv txog yuav ua li cas tom qab nkag mus rau "kev pab hais kom ua" los yog "hais kom ua /?". Piv txwv li, tau txais kev pab txog xcopy, nkag mus rau kev pab los yog xcopy xcopy /?
Lus txib rau tag nrho cov
Muaj ntau CLI commands teem rau network cov thawj coj, yog li ntawd lawv feem ntau siv los ntawm system cov thawj coj. Tab sis muaj cmd.exe-pab neeg uas yog muaj nyob rau hauv nruab nrab PC neeg siv. Ntawm no yog ib co ntawm lawv.
1. Del / s nplaub tshev \ * - clears tus txheem ntawm lub teev directory thiab tag nrho cov subdirectories. Lwm tseem ceeb / f cia rho tawm cov ntaub ntawv nyeem nkaus xwb. Thaum lub meej tseeb ntawm lub lag luam tseem ceeb ntxiv / q tshem tawm qhov xav tau kom paub meej tias txhua deletion. Hais kom yuav tsum tau siv nrog ceev faj raws li deleted li hais tias cov ntaub ntawv tsis poob mus rau hauv lub pob tawb.
2. Mkdir (los yog md) muaj peev xwm tsim ib tug tag nrho directory tsob ntoo: md papka_1 \ papka_2 \ papka_3.
3. Xcopy qhib li lub caij rau ib tug li qub thaub qab thiab ib tug loj tus naj npawb ntawm cov ntaub ntawv. Piv txwv li, tus yuam sij / d: [hli-hnub-xyoo] tso cai rau koj khiav lag luam xwb cov ntaub ntawv uas tau raug hloov txij li thaum lub teev hnub. Ntxiv / s hloov tso cai daim ntawv kuj subfolders. Nyob rau hauv tag nrho, pab neeg no muaj 27 lub lag luam.
4. Tshem cov directory rmdir pab (los yog zoo lawm). Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, daim nplaub tshev yuav tsum tau npliag. Lub / s yuav tau tshem ntawm nested Wage nrog lawv txheem. Ntxiv tseem ceeb / q yog tseem tau.
5. dir nplaub tshev \ *. Doc / h / s> spisok.txt tsim ib cov ntaub ntawv nrog ib daim ntawv teev MS lo lus ntaub ntawv nyob rau hauv ib lub directory, xws li thaum cov ntaub ntawv (ua tsaug rau lub tseem ceeb / h) thiab cov ntaub ntawv nyob rau hauv daim nplaub tshev (tseem ceeb / s).
6. Hloov cov ntaub ntawv extension, koj muaj peev xwm siv cov * .txt * .doc hais kom ua.
7. Move / y papka_1 \ *. Mp3 papka_2 \ txav mp3-ntaub ntawv los ntawm papka_1 nyob rau hauv papka_2 tsis overwrite kabke. Conversely, lub ntsiab / -y tiv thaiv xws overwriting.
8. Cmd.exe pib. qhib tam sim no directory nyob rau hauv lub qhov rais Explorer.
9. Cmd.exe pib .. qhib mus rau hauv lub qhov rais Explorer nplaub tshev rau ib kauj ruam saum toj no tam sim no ib tug.
10. Hais kom cov System32 \ cmd.exe pib lub plhaub: qhib system, lub ncuav qab zib muaj ib tug nplaub tshev nrog ib tug Internet "cov kua nplaum uas". Rau kev khiav hauj lwm systems ua ntej lub qhov rais 7, Cmd.exe-hais kom ua yog txawm yooj yim dua: pib ncuav qab zib.
11. Attrib -R -s -h ntaub ntawv yuav tshem tawm cov cim npe ua ntaub ntawv "nyeem nkaus xwb", "system" thiab "thaum".
12. Subst z: nplaub tshev ua rau nws yooj yim mus saib tau cov ntawv tais ceev tseg, muab nws lub npe ntawm tus disc Z.
batch
Tshwj Cmd.exe hais kom ua kab yog muaj peev xwm ntawm kev batch ntaub ntawv - ntawv nyeem cov ntaub ntawv nrog rau cov extension .bat, los yog .cmd, muaj hais kom ua kab tua nyob rau hauv lem.
Lub batch ntaub ntawv yog tau siv cov nqe lus - Tus neeg siv cov ntaub ntawv kis tau rau hauv ib txoj kev: 1%, 2%. Nyob rau hauv nqa tawm cov nqis yog hloov nrog cov neeg siv cov ntaub ntawv.
Cov pab neeg set / p nce mus nce los = [hlua] tso cai rau koj mus xa ib tug batch ntaub ntawv nce mus nce los qhov tseem ceeb. Piv txwv li, koj muab / p lub npe = Yuav ua li cas yog koj lub npe? Nws tsim ib tug nce mus nce los% npe% nrog rau cov nqi nkag mus rau los ntawm tus neeg siv.
Batch cov ntaub ntawv yuav ua rau kev txiav txim siab thiab xaiv cov kev ua nyob rau lub tej yam kev mob:
- Yog hais tias (mob) (komanda_1) lub Lwm tus (komanda_2) - thaum tej yam kev mob uas tau ntsib komanda_1, txwv tsis pub _ komanda_2;
- Yog hais tias muaj nyob daim ntawv del ntaub ntawv - cov ntaub ntawv yuav muab deleted, yog hais tias nws tshwm sim;
- yog hais tias tsis muaj nyob cov ntaub ntawv ncha ntaub ntawv yog uas ploj lawm - yog hais tias cov ntaub ntawv tsis muaj nyob, ces tus batch ntaub ntawv qhia txog;
- yog / i stroka_1 gtr stroka_2 hais kom ua - qhov hais kom ua yog tua, yog tias stroka_2 ntau dua stroka_1 loog (Ntsiab / i).
- goto: daim ntawv lo qhia rau mus rau ntawm daim ntawv lo, tawm hauv ib feem ntawm qhov hais kom ua tsis tiav.
- rau %% X nyob rau hauv (* .jpg) ua (pab neeg no) - ua rau nws ua tau rau txim tuag ib tug hais kom ua rau tag nrho cov ntaub ntawv uas muaj qhov yuav ncua ntxiv .jpg.
Txheej txheem kev nyab xeeb nres
Cmd.exe ntaub ntawv yog ib qhov system. Nws yog xav pom zoo kom tsis txhob rho tawm nws thiab tsis txhob tso tseg cov txheej txheem lawv khiav. Lawv yog cov tseem ceeb heev rau cov lag luam uas tseeb ntawm koj lub computer. Yog hais tias, txawm li cas los, qhov yuav tsum tau kom txhob muaj cov txheej txheem yog tseem muaj, ua cov nram qab no:
1. Mus rau "Start" ntawv qhia zaub mov, hom Msconfig nyob rau hauv cov kev tshawb fawb lub thawv thiab khiav lub chaw tso dej. Ib qhov rais tshwm nrog ib daim ntawv teev system configuration cov cuab yeej.
2. Xaiv ib bookmark startup, mus saib muaj Cmd.exe nyob rau hauv daim ntawv teev.
3. Tshem daim tshev box tom ntej no mus rau lub npe ntawm tus txheej txheem, thov cov kev hloov thiab pib dua lub computer.
4. Tom qab cov reboot, uncheck lub automatic pib thaum koj tig mus rau ntawm system configurator PC.
Lwm txoj kev yog mus xyuas daim ntawv teev cov startup dab nyob rau hauv lub npe editor.
Cmd.exe yuav nres siv Task Manager nyob rau hauv lub dab tab. Ua li no, xaiv cov txheej txheem thiab nias "End txheej txheem."
Ua rau tsis
Post Cmd.exe «Daim Ntawv Thov yuam kev" yog feem ntau qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev puas tsuaj rau lub operating system cov ntaub ntawv. Vim hais tias ntawm no tsis ua hauj lwm cuam tshuam computer kev ua tau zoo. Tsis tas li ntawd nyob rau hauv lub system dab, teeb meem tshwm sim vim daim ntawv thov incompatibility, ib tug tsis tiav cov ntaub ntawv deletion, tus kab mob tus kab mob, kev lag luam thiab lwm cov kev pab. Tag nrho cov no yuav ua tau kom qhov kev tshem tawm los yog kev puas tsuaj ntawm ib qho tseem ceeb system cov ntaub ntawv.
Kho Cmd.exe yuam kev
Ib tug zoo siab nyob rau hauv kev ua yuam kev Cmd.exe - hais tias qhov no yog yooj yim daws. Nws yuav pab tsis tau ib zaug xwb tshuaj, thiaj li muaj tshwm sim ntau. Ntawm no yog ib co ntawm lawv.
- Mus nkag rau hauv lub operating system nrog khiav dej num txoj cai.
- Undo tsis ntev los no kev pauv hloov, tom qab uas muaj ib cov lus Cmd.exe «Daim Ntawv Thov yuam kev." Thiab yog hais tias nws zoo nkaus li thaum lub sij hawm ntawm lub community launch tib yam kev pab cuam, ces tshem tawm thiab reinstall nws.
- Xyuas kom ib tug txhim khu kev qha kab mob no tiv thaiv. Nws yog tsim nyog los luam theej duab koj lub computer thiab tshem pliaj cov kev pab cuam.
- Ib qho ntawm feem ntau ua rau cov qhov yuam kev no yog ib tug puas npe. Nws yog qeb duas database, uas muaj configuration ntaub ntawv, e-mail chaw nyob, passwords, cov ntaub ntawv paths thiab lwm yam ntaub ntawv tsim nyog rau lub qub lag luam ntawm lub PC. Yuav kom kho qhov teeb meem no, koj muaj peev xwm siv rov qab cuab tam Registry ntxhua khaub ncaws Utility Registry.
- Muab kho dua rau daim video card tsav tsheb los ntawm cov nom ntawm qhov chaw ntawm lub chaw tsim tshuaj paus.
- Reinstalling DirectX, NetFramework, Microsoft Visual C ++ nrog cov nom lub website ntawm "Microsoft".
- Khiav exe cmd-sfc / scannow hais kom ua los ntawm tus kws tswj txoj. System hluav taws xob yuav luam theej duab hauv koj lub PC rau kom raug thiab qhia tau yam kev kov yeej lawv.
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