Nto moo mathematicians thiab lawv tau

Mathematics yog manifested nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov tshwm sim ntawm lub neej, nws cov lus yog ib zajlus kom thiab to taub rau cov neeg los ntawm thoob plaws lub ntiaj teb no. Qhov loj tshaj zaum ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv cov cheeb tsam no, feem ntau tseem ua rau lub neej ntawm cov neeg txawm tom qab nws tuag. Yuav ua li cas daim ntawv thom nug txhua leej txhua tus yuav tsum paub?

Bertrand Russell

Zoo li ntau lwm nto moo zaum thiab daim ntawv thom nug, Bertrand tau qhia txaus siab rau lub caij nyoog sciences nyob rau hauv thaum yau. Nws kawm lub University of Cambridge, thiab nyob rau thaum xaus txuas ntxiv mus qhia muaj. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd mus kawm txog zauv kuj xav nyob rau hauv philosophy. Nws tiv thaiv nws doctoral thesis rau geometry. Russell koob meej coj phau ntawv rau cov hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm kev kawm txog zauv, nrhiav tau nrog ib tug colleague Whitehead. Ua hauj lwm "Cov teeb meem ntawm Philosophy" yog lwm tseem ceeb pab. Qhov no ua hauj lwm yog tseem xam tau tias yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, Bertrand Russell yog ib tug active lub neej kev thiab luam tawm cov ntaub ntawv txog cov teeb meem ntawm kev txawj ntse.

Alan Turing

Feem ntau yeej tsis paub mathematicians ua ib qhov chaw ntawm kev tshoov siab rau sau ntawv los yog cov thawj tswj hwm. Tab sis Turing - tsuas yog, nws tsis yog ib tug ci ntsa iab tus paub txog, tab sis kuj cov inventor ntawm lub cim txoj kev ntawm deciphering. Yog li ntawd, nws lub neej mas, yuav tsum xws li ib tug thrilling zaj dabneeg. Niaj hnub nimno mathematicians thiab cov tseem tab tom siv lub Turing tshuab, hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm uas yog lub hauv paus ntawm txoj kev tshawb xav ntawm algorithms. Nws yuav tsum tau kawm tag nrho cov phau ntawv rau logic. Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm , Alan Turing ib leeg tau ua ntau tshaj li ntau nto moo mathematicians ua ke. Nws tus kheej coined lub sij hawm "computer" yog ib tug pioneer ntawm computer science thiab dag txawj ntse ziag nrhiav tau, tsis muaj nws yog tsis yooj yim sua xav txog tej yam ib tug niaj hnub programming. Nyob rau hauv lub kawg, nws yuav hu ua tus thawj hacker nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no. Nws tawg qhov code ntawm cov kev German fleet, uas tso cai rau cov phoojywg los yeej. Tej zaum tsis muaj Turing lub hom keeb kwm yuav tau txawv heev. Tab sis lub neej ntawm ib lub ci ntsa iab tus paub txog tas tragically: nws ua yus tua yus los ntawm kev noj ib cov kua tshuaj lom nrog cyanide.

Lub yim hli ntuj Möbius

Muaj ntau nto moo mathematicians tau muab nws lub npe rau tej lub tswv yim los yog phenomena kuaj thaum lub sij hawm lub lag luam. Tsis kos thiab Moebius: nws lub npe yog hnov, txawm tias cov neeg uas tsis muaj zog nyob rau hauv lub caij nyoog sciences. Yav tom ntej mathematician yug nyob rau hauv Saxony. Tom qab kawm ntawv qib siab Shulpforte kawm Leipzig University, nyob qhov twg nws ua ntej kawm kev cai lij choj, thiab ces hloov nws lub specialization nyob rau hauv astronomy thiab kev kawm zauv. Nws yog ntseeg hais tias qhov no qhia tau tias tej yam uas cov Leipzig xib fwb Mollveyde. Nyob rau hauv 1813 Möbius tsiv mus rau Göttingen, qhov twg hauv lub sij hawm uas nto moo tshaj plaws mathematicians ua hauj lwm. Nyob rau hauv 1815 nws tau txais nws doctorate npe thiab los ua ib tug xib fwb ntawm astronomy. Nyob rau hauv parallel, ua zauv tshawb fawb, ntau yam uas, xws li lub npe nrov Mobius sawb, raug luam tawm tsuas yog tom qab tus paub txog tus tuag. Nws sau nyob rau hauv cov kev kawm ntawm projective geometry thiab algebraic curves zoo li yuav yam txawm niaj hnub no.

Nikolay Lobachevsky

Nyob rau hauv daim ntawv teev cov neeg ntiaj teb ua zaum yuav tsum tau zoo-paub Lavxias teb sab thiab kev kawm zauv. Ib qho ntawm feem nto moo, ntawm chav kawm, yog Nikolai Lobachevsky. Lub neej yav tom ntej kev kawm txog zauv yog ib tug yooj yim txoj hmoo. Nws yog ib tug tsaub me nyuam, nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, nws tus txiv tuag thaum ntxov. Kev Kawm Ntawv Lobachevsky yog nyob rau hauv high school nyob rau hauv Kazan, thiab twb muab ib tug zoo txaus siab nyob rau hauv kev kawm txog zauv thiab ces mus rau ib lub zos lub tsev kawm ntawv. Zoo kawg zoo nyob rau hauv lawv cov kev tshawb fawb tau coj mus rau lub fact tias Nicholas twb tau muab ib tug master degree, nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, nws twb tshuav nyob rau hauv cov tsev kawm ntawv kom muab tau cov npe ntawm cov xibfwb. Nyob rau hauv lub chav kawm ntawm nws qhia Lobachevsky muab ib chav kawm rau lub cev thiab xaam sciences. Nyob rau hauv 1826 nws muaj pov thawj ib tug theorem txog thaum uas tig mus hais tias yog tus pib ntawm ib tug uas tsis yog-Euclidean geometry thiab muab lub tswv yim ntawm qhov chaw uas muaj ua ntej. Twb tau nyob rau 1827 Lobachevsky ua rector ntawm lub tsev kawm ntawv. Rau cov ncej ntawm nws xaiv rau lub sij hawm. Thaum Lobachevsky University tau hloov: muaj lub tsev tshiab, lub tsev qiv ntawv tau txais ib tug ntau ntawm cov phau ntawv thiab lab - qhov tseeb cov khoom. Tab sis tom qab rau cov ntsiab lus uas tsoom fwv tsim tej kev cai ntawm lub Ministry of Education, nws twb xa raws li ib qho kev pab curator ntawm lub tsev kawm ntawv koog tsev kawm ntawv uas tu ncua nws scientific ua hauj lwm thiab yog qhov kawg ntawm ib tug loj heev ua hauj lwm ntawm tus poj mathematician.