Suab puam thiab semi-suab puam: av, kev nyab xeeb, fauna

Semi-suab puam - ib tug waterless, qhuav qhov chaw ntawm lub ntiaj teb no qhov twg tsis poob ntau tshaj 25 cm ntawm dej nag ib xyoos. Cov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws nyob rau hauv lawv tsim yog ib tug yooj yim. Txawm li cas los, tsis yog txhua txhua Deserts muaj huab cua kub, ib txhia ntawm lawv, nyob rau hauv tsis tooj, suav hais tias lub coldest cov cheeb tsam ntawm lub ntiaj teb. Muaj thiab Fauna nyob rau hauv ntau txoj kev yoog mus rau tej yam kev mob hnyav nyob rau hauv cov chaw no.

Raws li muaj deserts thiab semi-deserts?

Yog vim li cas vim uas muaj deserts, muaj ntau ntau yam. Piv txwv li, nyob rau hauv lub Atacama Suab puam me ntsis dej nag vim hais tias nws yog nyob rau ntawm tus taw ntawm lub roob uas lawv crests npog nws los ntawm los nag.

Ice deserts raug tsim rau lwm yam. Nyob rau hauv Antarctica, lub Arctic thiab lub ntsiab loj ntawm daus ntog rau hauv ntug dej hiav txwv rau dej rau tej thaj chaw daus huab suab tsis ncav tsis cuag. Cov nag lossis daus feem ntau mas nws txawv heev, ib tug snowfall, piv txwv li, txhua xyoo tus nqi tej zaum yuav poob. Cov snow drifts yog tsim dua ntau pua xyoo.

Kub deserts txawv tshaj plaws ntau haiv neeg struts. Tsuas yog ib co ntawm lawv kiag li them nrog xuab zeb. Nplaim feem ntau studded nrog pebbles, pob zeb thiab lwm yam ntau hom. Cov suab puam yog yuav luag tag qhib rau weathering. Muaj zog gusts ntawm cua khaws cov wreckage ntawm lub me me cov pob zeb thiab ntaus lawv nyob rau hauv lub pob zeb.

Nyob rau hauv zeb deserts ntawm cov cua yog cov xuab zeb nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws, tsim ib tug yoj zoo li deposits, uas yog hu ua dunes. Feem ntau hom ntawm dunes - dunes. Tej zaum, lawv qhov siab yuav mus txog 30 meters. Dune Crest yuav muaj ib tug qhov siab ntawm 100 meters thiab cuag rau 100 km.

kub tej yam kev mob

Txoj kev nyab xeeb yog suab puam thiab semidesert heev ntau haiv neeg. Nyob rau hauv ib co thaj tsam, nruab hnub kub yuav ncav cuag li mus rau theem ntawm 52 ° ^C. Qhov no tshwm sim yog vim cov tsis muaj huab nyob rau hauv cov cua, thiaj li hais tias tsis muaj dab tsi tej yam nto deb ntawm ncaj qha tshav ntuj. Hmo ntuj kub yog zoo heev txo, dua vim lub tsis tuaj kawm ntawv ntawm huab uas yuav cuab tshav kub faib nto.

Nyob rau hauv lub kub deserts ntawm nag - ib tug tsawg phenomenon, tiam sis tej zaum no cov ntaub ntawv ntawm muaj zog rains. Tom qab cov nag dej yog tsis absorbed rau hauv lub hauv av, thiab dej sai ntawm tus nto los ntawm kais cov av ib qhov me me thiab pob zeb rau hauv qhuav raws, uas hu wadi.

Qhov chaw ntawm deserts thiab semi-deserts

Nyob rau continents, uas yog nyob rau hauv sab qaum teb latitudes yog suab puam thiab semi-suab puam subtropical thiab tsis kub tsis txias aav. Tej zaum tseem muaj cov teb chaws sov - nyob rau hauv lub Indo-Gangetic Tiaj, nyob rau hauv Arabia, nyob rau hauv Mexico, nyob rau hauv sab qab teb-western United States. Nyob rau hauv Eurasia, ntxiv-tauj suab puam chaw yog nyob rau hauv lub Caspian kev nyuaj siab, nyob rau hauv Central Esxias thiab South-Kazakh tiaj hav nyob rau hauv Central Asia thiab nyob rau hauv lub Asiatic highland. Central Esxias suab puam formations peculiar sharply continental kev nyab xeeb.

Nyob rau hauv lub yav qab teb hemisphere deserts thiab semi-deserts yog tsis tshua muaj heev. Ntawm no yog ib co zoo kawg suab puam thiab semi-suab puam formations li Namibia, Atacama suab puam tsim nyob rau ntug dej hiav txwv ntawm Peru thiab Venezuela, Victoria, Kalahari suab puam Gibson, Simpson, lub Gran Chaco, Patagonia, lub Great Sandy suab puam thiab semi-suab puam Karoo nyob rau hauv sab qab teb-western Africa.

Ncov qaumteb qabteb deserts muaj nyob rau ntawm lub continental Islands tuaj glacial Eurasia qhov chaw ntawm lub Islands tuaj rau ntawm lub Canadian archipelago, nyob rau hauv sab qaum teb ntawm Greenland.

tsiaj

Tsiaj txhu deserts thiab semi-deserts ntawm cov ntau xyoo ntawm cov hav zoov nyob rau hauv cov chaw muaj kev tswj kom hloov mus rau qhov hnyav climatic tej yam kev mob. Tiv thaiv tshav kub thiab txias, lawv nkaum nyob rau hauv underground burrows thiab noj feem ntau underground qhov chaw ntawm cov nroj tsuag. Ntawm cov fauna muaj ntau ntau hom ntawm Carnivores: hma liab Fenech, zoov nuj txeeg miv, cougars, hma thiab txawm tsov. Txoj kev nyab xeeb yog suab puam thiab semidesert contributed rau qhov tseeb hais tias muaj ntau yam tsiaj txig tsim thermoregulatory system. Ib txhia neeg nyob rau hauv cov suab puam mas tsis kua rau ib tug thib peb ntawm lawv lub cev qhov ceeb thawj (xws li, geckos, ntxhuav), thiab cov invertebrates muaj hom uas yog tau poob dej rau ob-feem-peb ntawm qhov nyhav.

Nyob rau hauv North America thiab cov teb chaws Asia pom ntau ntawm cov tsiaj reptiles, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog Lizards ntau. Haum zoo faib nab: f-qhov, ntau yam cov nab muaj taug, boa. Ntawm tsiaj loj pom saiga, kulan, ntxhuav, pronghorn, nyuam qhuav zoo Przewalski tus nees (nyob rau hauv captivity, nws muaj peev xwm tseem yuav pom).

Tsiaj txhu ntawm cov suab puam thiab semi-suab puam ntawm Guj kuj - nws yog ib tug ntau ntau yam ntawm cov cim fauna. Nyob rau hauv cov suab puam cheeb tsam inhabited los ntawm luav, sandstones, hedgehogs, qus lub nroog Yeiuxalees, Jamaal, cov nab muaj taug. Nyob rau hauv lub deserts, uas yog nyob rau ntawm ib ncig ntawm Russia, yog tseem pom 2 hom kab laug sab - Dub poj ntsuam thiab tus kab laug sab.

Nyob rau hauv ncov qaumteb qabteb deserts inhabited los ntawm polar bears, musk twm, arctic hma liab, thiab ib co hom noog.

nroj tsuag

Yog hais tias peb tham txog cov nroj tsuag nyob rau hauv deserts thiab semi-deserts raws li ntau yam cactus, zhestkolistye grasses, shrubs, psammophytes, ephedra, acacia, Haloxylon, xab npum tsob ntoo, hnub Palm, siav Lichen thiab lwm tus neeg.

Deserts thiab semi-deserts: cov av

Cov av yog feem ntau underdeveloped, nws muaj pes tsawg leeg yog yeej los ntawm dej-soluble cov ntsev. Ntawm cov av-txoj kev pob zeb yog yeej los ntawm ancient alluvial thiab loess deposits yog ua los ntawm cov cua. Grey-xim av av yog xam qhovkev rau cov tsa lub tiaj chaw. Deserts kuj yus saline, i.e. xau uas muaj txog 1% soluble ntsev. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd mus deserts, ntsev marshes no tseem nyob rau hauv lub steppes thiab semi-deserts. Av, uas muaj ntsev, thaum xeeb tus nplaim av tso rau hauv nws lub txheej, uas ua nyob rau hauv cov av salinity.

Sib txawv kiag li hom ntawm cov av cov yam ntxwv ntawm no climatic ib ncig chaw raws li subtropical deserts thiab semi-deserts. Cov av nyob rau hauv cov cheeb tsam muaj ib qho txiv kab ntxwv thiab cib liab. Nej yuav tsum hwm lawv ntxoov nws tau txais lub npe kom tsim nyog - krasnozems thiab zheltozemy. Nyob rau hauv lub subtropical siv nyob rau hauv North Africa thiab nyob rau hauv sab qab teb thiab North America, muaj deserts, qhov twg gray xau tsim. Nyob rau hauv ib co teb chaws sov suab puam formations nws tsim liab-daj av.

Ntuj cheeb tsam ntawm deserts thiab semi-deserts - yog ib tug lossis loj ntau yam ntawm ua hauj lwm, kev nyab xeeb, muaj thiab fauna. Dua li ntawm qhov hnyav thiab siab phem xwm ntawm deserts, cov cheeb tsam los ua tsev rau ntau hom ntawm cov nroj tsuag thiab tsiaj txhu.