Nthuav lus tseeb ntawm lub neej ntawm Zhukovsky. Lub neej thiab lub Works of Vasiliya Andreevicha Zhukovskogo

Vasiliy Andreevich Zhukovsky - nquag tus neeg, ua tau zoo nyob rau hauv ntau yam. Lub ntsiab nthuav cov lus tseeb ntawm lub neej ntawm Zhukovsky lus dag nyob rau hauv lub fact tias nws tau ua zoo-paub kws sau paj lug, txhais lus thiab lub tsev hais plaub tsim nyog advisor. Nws muaj peev xwm paub lawv tej tswv yim nyob rau hauv lub ballads thiab nkauj, paj huam thiab txhais. Txij li thaum yau nws yog khees yees rau kev zoo nkauj, uas Vasily tsis yig coj mus rau lub neej. Vim li no, peb tam sim no muaj cov sij hawm los nyeem cov kwv huam ntawm Zhukovsky.

Keeb kwm Zhukovsky

VA Zhukovsky raug coj mus tsis tau nws tus kheej txiv, vim hais tias nws yog los ntawm tus tub tsis kam. Nws tshwm sim vim hais tias Basil tau yug los tawm ntawm wedlock los ntawm Athanasius Ivanovich Bunin (yawg koob ntawm Lavxias teb sab paj huam thiab txawj sau ntawv Ivan Bunin) thiab raug txhom Turkish poj niam Salhi. Nws tau coj tuaj rau Russia tom qab lub siege ntawm lub Turkish fortress ntawm Bendery. Salha ua kevcai raus dej thiab muab lub npe ntawm Elizabeth Orthodox. Nws coj ib tug txoj kev zoo nkauj rau tus tswv tsev. Txij li thaum Lub ob hlis ntuj 9 (New Style) 1783 nyob Basil, tab sis tus tub hluas tau lub npe ntawm tus tswv av Zhukovsky, uas nyob hauv tus hlub uas Bunin. Bunin raug coj mus tub nrog nws tsim nyog cov me nyuam. Kuv yuav tsum hais tias A. I. Bunin ua kom paub tseeb tias nws tus tub tau txais ib tug knighthood, thiab txij li thaum yau tau sau nws cov tub rog kev pab cuam, Txawm li cas los, yog cuav. Yog li, los ntawm cov muaj hnub nyoog ntawm rau tus tub hluas los ua ib tug lieutenant thiab suav hais tias ib tug txiv neej. Tab sis nyob rau hauv qhov yuav Afanasiy Bunin tsaub tub yog tsis hais, tawm hauv ib tug legacy tsim nyog cov me nyuam.

Lub nthuav cwm pwm ntawm cov kws sau paj lug?

V. A. Zhukovskogo yog tiag tiag tseem ceeb daim duab nyob rau hauv lub keeb kwm ntawm Lavxias teb sab paj huam. Inspired los ntawm cov tswv yim ntawm lub Western paj huam thiab sau ntawv Vasily tsim lawv tus kheej tej hauj lwm, uas muaj txoj kev ntseeg nyob rau hauv ib tug ci yav tom ntej rau cov neeg, nyob rau hauv hais tias nws yuav ua ib tug enlightened thiab ywj siab. Nyob rau hauv verses nws siv romantic dluab nyob rau hauv uas txawm ntau kom meej meej manifests lub tswv yim ntawm kev ywj pheej, tus tawm tsam rau lub lofty hom phiaj ntawm lub siab zoo, kev zoo nkauj, thiab kev txiav txim.

Yog li nws nyob rau hauv lub thawj nqe ntawm Zhukovsky - "Nyob deb nroog toj ntxas", "Singer nyob rau hauv lub camp ntawm Lavxias teb sab tub rog", "huab tais Alexander." Txhua yam ntawm lawv - ib tug hu rau kev thaj yeeb, kev sib raug zoo, tsis txaus siab mus rau qhov, kev thaj yeeb thiab nyob ntsiag to. Zhukovsky hlub mus contemplate txoj kev zoo nkauj thiab tshwm sim los ntawm nws, ua kom txaus siab rau qhov xwm thiab tus nyeem ntawv. Yog li ntawd, yeej ib txwm xav nyob rau hauv sab hauv sab ntawm tib neeg lub neej. Nws yog deb ntawm nom ua tswv, kev tsov kev rog thiab kev sib raug zoo tawm tsam. Nws yog li ntawd peb yuav pom nws nyob rau hauv lub 'paj huam, "kwv huam," Yuav kom Batyushkov "," Slav "thiab lwm tus neeg.

Ob peb cov neeg paub hais tias Zhukovsky yog tus sau ntawm cov kab "ntshiab kev zoo nkauj". Tom qab lawv rov Pushkin.

Zhukovsky Feature

Tau cuv npe kawm nyob rau hauv lub Noble nce tsev kawm ntawv, nws yog ib tug txawj zej zog, yog nws tus tswj. Kev ua nyob rau hauv lub zej lub zos tau raug tsa, tag nrho cov tog tau coj los ntawm cov charter. Yog li ntawd, tus neeg ntawm cov kws sau paj lug thiab xam qhovkev muaj peev xwm rau kev cov ua, uas qhia lawv tej txuj ci thiab muaj peev xwm. Tej zaum cov no twb tus yeeb yam uas Zhukovsky (kws sau paj lug) yog tus kws qhia ntawv ntawm Alexander II.

Heev heev qhov chaw hais tias Vasily yog tsis tsuas ib tug zoo xib fwb, tab sis kuj yog ib tug kws pab tswv yim nyob rau hauv cov tsev hais plaub. Muaj ntau lub sij hawm nws cawm nej dim lub exiled paj huam, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog A. S. Pushkina, yuav muaj kev cuam tshuam tus saib ntawm qhov tam sim no huab tais, mitigate cov kab lus, T. E. Zhukovskomu xam qhovkev nyob rau hauv ib tug diplomatic khoom plig.

Rau cov romantic ntsuj plig ntawm lub kws sau paj lug uncharacteristic ua lwj ua liam. On qhov tsis tooj, txij li thaum yau nws twb distinguished los ntawm sentimentality, nws yog sensitive thiab rhiab. Kuv muaj ib tug zoo ntawm sab ntsuj plig lub koom haum, thiab txhua txhua kev yog heev nws nqaij ntuag. Kwv huam thiab txhais tau pab qhia qhov kev xav thiab kev mob uas cov kws sau paj lug, thiab txawj nyeem ntawv tau tshwm sim los ntawm meej thiab succinct epithets, zoo nkauj zaj lus hais uas aroused lub siab xav mus nyob. Zhukovsky kws sau paj lug nws muaj tswv yim ua hauj lwm twb tiav.

Zhukovsky lub luag hauj lwm ntawm lub tsev hais plaub muaj koob muaj npe

Ob peb ntawm cov paj huam thiab sau ntawv yuav khav ntawm kuj zoo kawg uas pab peb tsev hais plaub. Feem ntau paj huam disliked yog lub loj lus nyob rau hauv nqe vaj lug kub exiled los yog tua, tab sis Zhukovsky tswj mus ua txhaum lub imperial lub plawv, thiab ntau lub sij hawm nws cawm nej dim lub exiled paj huam, pab A. S. Pushkinu, serf kws sau paj lug Shevchenko. Tsaug rau nws, tus Decembrists tsis xa mus rau lub Scaffold, thiab twb exiled Siberia. Rau xws li ib cov nyhuv yuav tsum tau txuj ci, thiab Zhukovsky, nws undoubtedly yog. Txwv tsis pub, lub neej Vasiliya Andreevicha Zhukovskogo yuav tsis mus cia nyob rau hauv keeb kwm. Lus qhia yuav ua li cas tiag coj lub tswv yim ntawm cov neeg sawv cev ntawm lub Royal dynasty kws sau paj lug.

Zhukovsky xyoo ntawm lub neej tau imbued nrog lub tswv yim ntawm kev kawm ntawv, raws li uas, thiab ua sib npaug zos rau cov foreigner, thiab Russian. Tab sis lub Lavxias teb sab, sib sib zog nqus txoj kev ntseeg ntawm cov kws sau paj lug, yog ntawm kuj zoo kawg kev pab rau cov Fatherland, dua li ib tug neeg txawv. Cov yav tas yuav ua tawm ntawm nws tus kheej-txaus siab, es rau txoj kev hlub ntawm Russia, nws tus tib neeg yuav nrhiav kev los pab cov motherland mus rau thaum xaus. Nyob rau ntawd dag lub zog thiab lub hwj chim ntawm lub Fatherland, qhov twg lub decisive luag hauj lwm ua si los ntawm txoj cai ntawm tus huab tais.

Tej lub neej ntawm lub kws sau paj lug

Basil Afanasievich yog tsis muaj poj niam 'txiv neej. Thawj Hlub nws tau ntsib nyob rau ntawm hnub nyoog 22 nyob rau hauv nws tus muam lub tsev los ntawm nws tus txiv, Ekateriny Protasovoy. Nws tus ntxhais Masha yog ces 12 xyoo, nws yog ib tug me nyuam kawm ntawv ntawm Zhukovsky. Tom qab 7 xyoo ntawm Basil Tsim los ntawm Woo lub Protassova Masha. Tab sis tau txais ib qho nyuaj tsis ua hauj lwm raws li ib tug niam Catherine thov hais tias Mary - tus muam tus ntxhais ntawm Basil.

Tej lub neej Zhukovsky pib thaum 58 xyoo thaum nws mus rau lub teb chaws Yelemees thiab sib yuav tus ntxhais ntawm nws cov phooj ywg, cov artist Reitern, Plaub Hlis Ntuj 21, 1841 Lub kws sau paj lug nplooj siab nws zaj paj huam "Elizabeth Reitern", uas twb tso tawm nyob rau hauv 1840 nyob rau hauv cov phau ntawv journal "Suab paj nruas thiab theatrical Gazette ". Elizabeth yog nyob rau ntawm lub sij hawm 19 xyoo. Los ntawm txoj kev sib yuav ib tug tub Paul thiab tus ntxhais Alexandra. Ib tug ob peb xyoos Zhukovsky daug lawm lub tswv yim ntawm rov mus rau nws teb koj chaw, tab sis cuam tshuam nrog nws tus poj niam tus mob.

Ua ke lawv muaj nyob rau 15 xyoo.

Nyob rau hauv lub Plaub Hlis 1852 nyob rau hauv lub German nroog ntawm Baden-Baden, lub kws sau paj lug lub neej twb txiav luv luv.

Nyob rau hauv 1856, Elizabeth tuag Zhukovskaya.

Zhukovsky nyob rau hauv lub nco

Nthuav lus tseeb ntawm lub neej ntawm Zhukovsky muab memoirs ntawm contemporaries. yog li ntawd cov yam ntxwv ntawm lawv memoirs ambiguous. Ib txhia saib nws raws li ib tug uas ntsiag to thiab enigmatic cwm pwm, lwm tus cam hais tias Zhukovsky - ntsuj plig ntawm lub tuam txhab. Nws yog ib qhov nyuaj los txiav txim, yog li ntawd, tso siab rau quotes.

Nyob rau hauv nws memoirs, lub koob yees duab-ib nplooj ntawv ntawm Maria Feodorovna Zhukovsky "coj twj ywm", nws yeej tsis hais ib lo lus nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab. Tab sis muaj ntau yam nyiam contemplative sib tham nyob rau hauv paub daws teeb ntxhais uas ua nyob rau hauv cov kwv huam tag nrho ntawm romantic dluab, xws li "Ib tug ncauj lus kom ntxaws daim ntawv qhia nyob rau lub hli." Nws yog tsis muaj kev huam yuaj ntau memoirs depict cov duab ntawm Zhukovsky yog los ntawm cov paj huam. Nyob rau hauv lawv nws zoo nkaus li "tus txawj ua yees", "storyteller", "singer ntawm Lavxias teb sab tub rog", "Christian." Uas yog lub npe ntawm tus kws sau paj lug cov phooj ywg, cov txheeb ze thiab cov neeg paub me ntsis txog.

Txawm nyob rau hauv lub neej txhua hnub rau kev sib txuas lus nrog nws cov neeg pom Vasilii Andreeviche feem ntau ib tug paj huam. Luv luv txog Zhukovsky hais tias AD Bludova: "Sib tham nrog nws tib neeg tsa nto ... hnav khaub ncaws yuav luag mystical flair hnov raws li nws romantic dluab." Txawm li cas los, los ntawm lwm tus neeg, peb kawm sib txawv heev yam ntxwv. Nyob rau hauv lub memoirs ntawm cov phooj ywg F. F. Vigelya, A. S. Pushkina, P. A. Vyazemskogo lub neej thiab ua hauj lwm ntawm Zhukovsky zoo sib txawv. Nws confronts peb nrog rau cov duab ntawm lub joker, joker, "funny thiab ci ntsa iab dag xwb."

Yog li, peb hero combines txawv tsos. Nws variously manifests nws tus kheej nyob rau hauv lub neej txhua hnub thiab nyob rau hauv lub chaw ua hauj lwm, tab sis hais tias yog dab tsi pub rau koj los mus tsim cov qhabnias portrait. Loj yog nyob ib sab mus rau lub parody, lom zem - hu rau ib tug harmonious thiab kev ncaj ncees.

lwm saib

Nthuav lus tseeb ntawm lub neej ntawm Zhukovsky yuav tshwm sim thaum peb nyeem cov memoirs AO Smirnova-Rosset, kev txawj ntse, tej kev sau ntawv gifted poj niam. Nws tsom nws ntsia rau lub txhua hnub Zhukovsky, thiab yog li ntawd nws cov hauj lwm ntawm lub kws sau paj lug yuav siv sij hawm nyob rau hauv ib tug tag nrho sib txawv ntsiab lus. Vasily ua resourceful, me ntsis kev hlub, ib tug me nyuam txoj kev dawb huv, siab zoo, txaus luag, loyal, hlub tso dag thiab tso dag.

Nyob rau hauv cov zajlus khw txiav no tsis tsis muaj V. A. Zhukovskogo, vim hais tias lawv pom nyob rau hauv nws ntseeg nyob rau hauv nws tus kheej hom phiaj ntawm ib tug txiv neej uas yog ib tug innovator nyob rau hauv cov zajlus arts. Nyob ib ncig ntawm nws tej hauj lwm yeej ib txwm zes rhuab sib cav tswv yim, uas txhais tau tias lawv resonate cov txawj nyeem ntawv thiab angered cov yeeb ncuab. Tab sis lub Zhukovsky ciali aloof nyob sib tham thiab sib cav tswv yim. Nws twb saib lawv los ntawm lub sab, kom ntsiag to. Nyob rau hauv cov sij hawm, cov lus ntawm tus neeg sau nws tus kheej, nws pom qhov chaw nkaum nyob rau hauv cov paj huam, "uas yog kev ywj siab ntawm lub luv luv-pom cov txiav txim thiab cov ntsiab lus nws tus kheej."

Nyob rau hauv nws memoirs, lub ze tshaj tus phooj ywg A. S. Pushkina Zhukovsky mus txhim khu kev qha cov phooj ywg, ncaj ncees, ua siab ntev thiab adamant: "Cov muaj teeb meem cov nyom ntawm ib tug txawv tshaj plaw ua kis las."

raug cov ntaub ntawv

Ib co nthuav cov lus tseeb ntawm lub neej ntawm Zhukovsky piav nws raws li ib tug lub siab dawb siab, siab zoo neeg. Muaj ntau memoirs nquam paj nquam nruas nws npog lub cev, tab sis to taub zoo dua nws cov duab yuav pab ib tug cov ntaub ntawv. Nyob rau hauv 1840, Zhukovsky cov phooj ywg txiav txim siab los muab nws noj su, uas xav tuaj mus rau cov neeg laus cov xibfwb. Cov kws sau paj lug tsis xav pom nws nyob rau hauv qhua daim ntawv teev, vim hais tias nws tau nyeem nws laudatory Odes thiab cov lus xaus ntawm Vasily nws tus kheej. Sau kom tiav indifference rau koob meej thiab adulation ntawm tus sau characterizes li sab ntsuj plig, qhov tam sim no yog leejtwg tiag.

Lub neej thiab kev ua hauj lwm ntawm Zhukovsky qhia hais tias nws paub txog qhov ib ce thiab downs, tab sis ua ntej thaum xaus ntawm nws hnub tseem muaj tseeb rau nws ideals. Nws tsis yog kev pauj, yog li hais A. S. Pushkinu portrait nrog cov lus "me nyuam kawm ntawv khiav ntawm lub swb xib fwb".

Ib tug frosty hnub Zhukovsky pom ib tug neeg thov khawv nyob rau sab ntawm txoj kev nrog frostbitten ko taw. Nws muab nws 110 rubles (ib tug lossis loj sum nyob rau hauv cov hnub; rau kev sib piv, ib tug zoo noj hmo nyob rau hauv lub tsev noj mov raug nqi 10 xees). Hnub tom qab, cov neeg xiam hoob khab ntawm Zhukovsky cov lus qhia coj mus rau lub tsev kho mob thiab kho rau free.

Uas mus txog rau ib tug kws sau paj lug?

• Nws yog nws leej twg tsim lub Lavxias teb sab Romanticism, pab mus rau nws rov tshwm sim lawv creativity. Txhais lus European tej hauj lwm, cov kws sau paj lug twb inspired los ntawm Western lub tswv yim thiab sim coj lawv mus rau hauv lub neej ntawm lub Lavxias teb sab neeg, tab sis nws ua li ntawd nws diplomatically, tsis txhob hnyav ua ke tiv thaiv hauv lub xeev, thiab qhov no tau nyiaj li txoj kev hlub ntawm lub imperial nobility. Tom qab romantic tswv yim tsim nyob rau hauv tej hauj lwm thiab lwm yam Lavxias teb sab paj huam. Nyob rau hauv kev, A. S. Pushkin raug raws li nyob rau hauv lub chaw ua hauj lwm ntawm Zhukovsky, hwm nws thiab qhuas nws lub peev xwm.
• Tsaug rau kev pab los ntawm Zhukovsky li cov mastermind, peb yeej paub txog ntau tej hauj lwm ntawm A. S. Pushkina, nyob rau hauv particular nrog cov paj huam "Ruslan thiab Lyudmila". Alexander - ib tug ntse heev ntawm cov ntaub ntawv ntawm lub xyoo pua puv 19 - yuav tsis sau ntxiv tsis nyeem nqe vaj lug kub Lwm yam Zhukovsky, thiab tsuas yog tom qab kev ntsuam xyuas ntawm txuas ntxiv mus tsim.
• Raws li ib tug qhia ntawm huab tais Alexander II ntawm, Zhukovsky qhia nws xav loj loj, cia siab rau tus tswv yim ntawm Westerners, cog me ntsis kev hlub rau tus huab tais lub siab nyiam thiab paub txog. Nrog rau qhov no decree, Alexander II, serfdom twb abolished nyob rau hauv 1861.
• Creativity Vasily paub los ntawm ntau tiam ntawm cov txawj nyeem ntawv thiab tseem nrov rau hnub no. Lub cim xeeb ntawm nws yog perpetuated.

Zhukovsky chaw

Zhukovsky xyoo ntawm lub neej tau ncaim lawv tus cim. Xeeb leej xeeb ntxwv dhau heev heev kwv huam, translations, txawj cov khoom uas tso teeb rau cov txheej xwm ntawm yav dhau los, nws yog ib tug keeb kwm ntaub ntawv, luam tawm hnub no, uas txhais tau tias creativity Vasily ntawm kev txaus siab rau peb.

Zhukovsky - sau ntawm 6 elegies: "Nyob deb nroog toj ntxas", "Slav", "hiav txwv", "yav tsaus ntuj", "Nyob rau txoj kev tuag ntawm ...", "Singer nyob rau hauv lub camp ntawm Lavxias teb sab tub rog."

Nws sau zaj nkauj "nplhaib leej ntsuj plig" thiab "Turgenev, nyob rau hauv cov lus teb rau nws tsab ntawv," lub song, idylls thiab Odes. Nws sau cov thawj Lavxias teb sab teb chaws anthem "Kev thov Vajtswv yog Lavxias teb sab."

Los ntawm nws cwj mem tuaj lub fairy taleas "Tsaug zog ntxhais fuabtais", "Lub taleas ntawm Tsar Berende", "Lub taleas ntawm Ivan Tsarevich thiab qhov Grey Hma," "Puss nyob rau hauv plab hlaub."

Sau ntawm 12 ballads - "Svetlana", "King ntawm cov hav zoov", "Knight Togenburg" thiab lwm tus neeg. Nws ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv prose - tus tshiab "Marina Grove". Sau ntawv cov khoom, kwv huam, verses, kwv huam. Goethe ua yeem hloov tsheb, Schiller, Byron, Scott.

Zhukovsky yog ib tug zoo draftsman thiab tau sab laug ntau nthuav sketches nyob rau hauv mem hluav.

Luv luv biography ntawm lub kws sau paj lug

02.09.1783 - cov me nyuam yug ntawm Vasiliya Zhukovskogo.

1789 - muab cov nom tswv cajceg.

1797-1801 gg. - kev kawm nyob rau hauv nce tsev kawm ntawv, uas yog nyob rau hauv hlab ntawm lub Moscow University.

1802 - debut raws li ib tug kws sau paj lug thiab tus neeg txhais lus. Nyob rau hauv lub "Phau ntawv Journal ntawm cov teb chaws Europe" luam tawm cov paj huam "Nyob deb nroog toj ntxas" - free translation tej hauj lwm ntawm lub English kws sau paj lug ntawm Grey. Lub tswv yim lub neej ntawm Zhukovsky txuas ntxiv kom txog thaum nws xeem ua tsis taus pa.

Ntawm 1808-1809. - editor ntawm "cov tub txib ntawm cov teb chaws Europe".

1812 - Vasily Zhukovsky sab laug lub militia. Nws muaj pov thawj tias tsis muaj lub muaj nyob rau hauv hauv av tsis tau sau paj huam thiab hu nkauj patriotic txoj kev xav. Koj yuav tsum muaj kev xav ntawm cov neeg. Txwv tsis pub, nyob rau hauv lub verses tsis ntseeg tias nws.

1815 - caw tuaj rau lub tsev hais plaub qhov kev pab. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd mus rau lwm cov hauj lwm, tau txais kev pab raws li hais dabneeg ntawm lub Empress Maria Feodorovna.

1817 - tsa los qhia rau cov Lavxias teb sab lus tus ntxhais fuabtais Charlotte.

1825 - nws tau tsa qhia ntawm Alexander II.

1841 - Zhukovsky tsum los ntawm lub Rooj Tswjhwm Saib rau lub neej nyob rau hauv 4000 rubles ib xyoo. Cov kab tshoob ntawm lub kws sau paj lug. Tsiv teb chaws Yelemees.

24.04.1852 nroog - kev tuag ntawm tus kws sau paj lug. Ntxa V. A. Zhukovskogo nyob rau hauv St. Petersburg, nyob rau hauv lub toj ntxas ntawm lub Alexander Nevsky Lavra. Nws yog nyob rau tom ntej mus rau lub ntxa N. M. Karamzina - tus kws qhia ntawv ntawm lub kws sau paj lug.