Nthuav lus tseeb hais txog tus reign ntawm Catherine Catherine 2. Lub sij hawm 2

Ekaterina 2 nyob rau hauv lub keeb kwm ntawm lub Lavxias teb sab faj tim teb chaws - nws tsis yog ib tug ntawm cov rulers ntawm ib tug lossis loj lub xeev, yog ib qho ntu, ib tug exceptional phenomenon. Thaum muaj ntau yam kho thiab conquests. Zog ntawm Guj kuj Catherine lub sij hawm - ib tug muaj hwj huam loj, ua ntawv thov rau lub ntiaj teb no hegemony.

Yuav ua li cas peb feem ntau hnov txog Catherine lub Great?

Xeeb leej xeeb ntxwv ungrateful. Tej zaum hais tias yog vim li cas "cov feem ntau nthuav" tseeb txog Catherine 2 txog, raws li ib tug txoj cai, ib txhia nefarious cov ntsiab lus ntawm nws tus kheej lub neej, ib feem ntawm cov absurd, concocted los ntawm kev phem tongues.

Qhov nruab nrab txiv neej nyob rau hauv txoj kev "cia li paub" hais tias nws yog ib tug poj niam ntawm lub hwj chim-hlub, tsausmuag (ib tug txiv neej tua, serdeshnogo), thiab txawm depraved, ib yam nkaus thiab. Muaj ntau lovers Catherine 2, thawj uas qhia Grigory Potemkin, tau ntev txij li thaum ua ib tug byword. Ntaus nqi mus rau nws, thiab cov tsiaj qus orgies, nqus ib tug tsi ntawm Lavxias teb sab Empress Messalina, tab sis nws tsis muaj dab tsi ntau tshaj li ib tug tseeb, tsis muaj pov thawj ntawm xws insinuations tsis muaj nyob.

Novels thiab favorites

Novels, ntawm chav kawm, nws muaj ntau yam. Txawm tias ua ntej qhov kev tshem tawm los ntawm lub hwj huam ntawm Paul III, nyob rau hauv thaum ntxov 50s, nws muaj kev tswj kom coj Saltykov, tus neeg zov tub ceev xwm. Thaum nyob rau hauv 1754 tau yug los rau hauv lub neej yav tom ntej huab tais Paul kuv, muaj pheej taug xaiv tias nws txiv tsis yog ib tug Lavxias teb sab autocrat. Txawm li cas los, yog tsis muaj pov thawj rau qhov no.

Kuv yuav tsum hais tias Catherine 2 lovers feem ntau hloov. Tsib xyoos tom qab thaum pib ntawm ib tug yi nrog Saltykov Empress maj mam muab tus phooj ywg nrog Poniatowski, lub neej yav tom ntej huab tais ntawm Poland. Tom qab lwm ib nrab ib xyoo caum nyob rau hauv thaum ntxov '60s, nws tau los ua nws tus lover Grigori Orlov, uas nws thiaj li tau pab nws mus txeeb lub hwj chim.

Ua tsis tau tejyam kev sib yuav - coup

Nrog nws tus txiv, Peter III, Catherine kev sib raug zoo tsis tau tsim. Ntau yam twb tau sau txog qhov tseeb hais tias lub Lavxias teb sab huab tais yog ib tug txiv neej flighty thiab infantile, thiab raws li ib txhia qhov chaw, nws yog txhob txwm kho mob muaj teeb meem nrog lub psyche. Nws tus poj niam, nws tsis tau muab tso rau hauv ib yam dab tsi, nws nyob tab nrog nws nyiam, Vorontsova, thiab nyob rau hauv 1762 qhov kev tshwm sim rau kev cai lij choj txij nkawm hloov zuj zuj autocrat taus txoj kev: nws yog lossi ntshai ntiab tawm los yog tuag taus.

Ib feem ntawm cov ntxeev tseem fwv, uas ua rau yav tom ntej autocratic Empress Catherine 2, yog ib tug preemptive strike tawm "los yog kuv nws, los yog nws rau kuv" series. Kuv yuav tsum hais tias Peter III tsis txaus siab rau nrov heev. Thaum Catherine tias Empress (nws tshwm sim nyob rau hauv lub barracks Izmailovsky) St. Petersburg pob tawg lawm nrog delight. Tseem, tus neeg ntawm Catherine 2 yog captivating: undeniably ntse, ntse, kawm ntawv poj niam, nws yog zoo tshaj plaws ua ke nrog lub zwm txwv tshaj nws odious tus txiv.

Lub coup twb timed rau hauv lub qhaj ntawv ntawm cov huab tais, uas mus (rau koj cov teeb meem) nyob rau hauv Oranienbaum. Thaum kawm txog cov antics ntawm ob peb, Peter III twb sim yog vim li cas nrog nws, tab sis freshly ci Catherine 2, thiab tsis xav xav txog lub haum xeeb. Tus huab tais twb yuam kom tso lub zwm txwv - thiab nag hmo lub Prussian Princess Sophia Augusta Frederica los ua tus ib txoj kev mus rau lub loj heev lub teb chaws.

paub qab hau zov

Txawm li cas los, nws yog tsis yog ncaj ncees hais lus ntawm meej hwj chim: Catherine twb yuam kom mus cautiously, nrog ib lub qhov muag rau cov ib puag ncig. Qhov kawg sim nyob rau lawv tus kheej, uas tsis muaj ib tug ntseeg nws paub firsthand yuav ua li cas nws yog, qhov no yuav thiab tawm.

Empress kiag li tsis nrhiav kom sib cav sib ceg nrog leej twg, thiab yog hais tias peb saib rau interesting tseeb txog Catherine 2, ces nco ntsoov hais tias rau ib yam ntawm nws lovers nws tau sib cav txog peb los xij. Thaum nws tsis tau caum tus nag hmo lub favorites, twb tsis raug disgrace rau hais. Nws style ntawm kev sib txuas lus nrog cov pej xeem tsis tau tab sis qhuas: lub Empress yog ua tib zoo hais, zoo, kho mus rau lub interlocutor.

ci ntsa iab puag ncig

Nws yog hais tias tus huab tais tsis suite. Los ntawm no foundations, sib npaug zos Catherine 2 rulers yeej tsis tau mus Russia. Nws yog zoo li tsis muaj ib tug twg paub yuav ua li cas los ua tsaug rau cov muaj peev xwm ntawm cov neeg nyob ib ncig ntawm nws. Tsis nyob rau hauv vain thaum lub sij hawm lub reign ntawm Catherine 2 twb cim los ntawm tus rov tshwm sim ntawm ib tug xov tooj ntawm muaj koob pej xeem nuj nqis. Muaj tseeb tiag, feemxyuam txiv neej Empress yuav zam txim rau ib tug ntau.

Ib tug piv txwv yog nws kev sib raug zoo nrog gorgeous Aleksandrom Vasilevichem Suvorovym, uas, raws li peb paub, nws cov lus tsis nce, thiab nyob rau hauv ib lub siab, tsis txhob cav ncauj nonconformist. Raws li deb raws li cov Empress yog tau hais tib yam lus nrog nws kuj zoo kawg kawm, nws qhia tau hais tias ib tug nyuag xov xwm uas ua raws li tom qab lub qhia capture ntawm lub legendary commander ntawm Warsaw. Cov muaj hmoo khiav, tsis muaj dabtsis sumnyashesya, sau ntawv mus rau nws poj niam: "Hurrah! Peb Warsaw "- thiab kuv tau txais ib yam nkaus laconic teb:" Hurrah! Teb Marshal Suvorov! "

Hnub nyoog ntawm Enlightenment thiab serfdom

Tej zaum peb yuav tsum nyeem txog tias tag nrho cov kev kawm npaj siab Catherine, nws sib tawb thiaj nrog Voltaire thiab lwm yam mas tej yam uas tsis muaj ntau tshaj li ib tug bluff. Tias nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb nws tau pab mus rau strengthening ntawm serfdom, thaum kawg enslaving twb tsis muaj hmoo peasants. Nws yog tsis zoo li hais tias xws li ib tug taw tes ntawm view yog siv tau, vim hais tias nyob rau hauv tiv thaiv ntawm lub "liam" hais ib co heev interesting tseeb txog Catherine 2. Piv txwv li, ib tug nrog nws ntau tshaj li ob puas lub zos nyob rau hauv daim ntawv qhia ntawm Russia, thiab cov pejxeem muaj ntau zog los ntawm ib tug thib peb (tshaj 10 lab).

Nyob rau hauv Catherine tus archives tsom heev heev reflections rau hauv lub ntsiab ntawm lub abolition ntawm serfdom, lub ntau yam embodiments ntawm no kho kom zoo, tab sis nws tsis yog yuav tsum tau.

Noj rau hauv tus account qhov kev txaus siab

Ua ntej foom phem rau tus empress, nws yuav tsum, txawm li cas los, nco ntsoov hais tias xws li "nrhav" yog tsis zoo li yuav tsum tau ntsib nrog jubilation cov Lavxias teb sab cov tswv av, thiab lub sib cav sib ceg nrog cov haib nobles Empress yeej tsis xav kom, vim hais tias lub hwj chim ntawm nws raug raws li nyob rau hauv cov nyiaj them yug thiab nws tau ua dua ib zaug tsis tau txoj kev chim siab lawv influential cov pej xeem.

Catherine tus reign thaum 2 yog tsis nyob rau hauv vain hu ua "lub golden hnub nyoog ntawm cov nom tswv cajceg": Grand Empress muab ib cov tsiaj ntawv patent nom tswv cajceg, enshrines chav kawm ntawv tsim nyog tau, thiab kho lawv "subordinates" ua tib zoo thiab tib zoo. Nws yog lub npe hu, piv txwv li, hais tias cov Empress muaj ib tug heev luv luv npau taws, tab sis tau kawm rau curb nws mob siab thiab tsis tau noj ib hasty kev txiav txim siab, tos txoj kev npau taws yuav zuj zus lawm tso.

Tej zaum qhov tsuas influential qub txeeg qub tes ntawm cov neeg raug Catherine, yog tus Orthodox txiv plig. Empress kom huv si "shaken" dawb huv abode rau them se av thiab pauv lub monastery serfs nyob rau hauv tus txheej xwm ntawm lub xeev (yog li, raws li yog feem ntau ntseeg, ho pab txhawb lawv kev koom tes, uas yog tsis muaj tsawg tshaj li ob lab cov neeg).

Achievements thiab ua tau zoo

Tib txoj cai nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm ntawm Catherine 2 yog nyob rau hauv lub pob (tshwj xeeb tshaj yog xav tias yuav cov theem ntawm txoj kev loj hlob ntawm lub ntuj txoj cai nyob ib ncig ntawm lub ntiaj teb no). Qhov no yog muaj tim khawv los ntawm tsawg kawg yog qhov tseeb hais tias thaum lub sij hawm lub sij hawm tag nrho ntawm nws reign tsuas yog ib tug neeg twb tua. Tab sis muaj tsis muaj leej twg yuav tsis kam to taub txog cov Lavxias teb sab autocrat, vim hais tias nws muab tau tsis zoo siab Emelyan Pugachev, nws tshaj tawm hais tias nws tus kheej "ib tug txuj ci tseem ceeb survivor" huab tais Peter III thiab Catherine xa ib daim ntawv qhia txog keg ntawm cov teeb meem nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov loj-scale neeg pluag uprising. Yuav ua li cas-zoo li cas, thiab lub hwj chim ntawm lub Empress twb tsis mus qhia.

Nws kav nws lub teb chaws ntse ntsuav li sai tau, lossi txhawj txog nws txoj kev vam meej, ntxiv dag zog rau lub Lavxias teb sab txoj hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no nyob ntev. Nyob rau hauv dej siab ntawm no thesis, hais ntau nthuav tseeb txog Catherine 2, vim hais tias cov xov tooj uas muaj qhauj tsaug rau nws cov kho kom zoo ob npaug rau tim teb chaws Ottoman koom Crimea, zoo zoo tau tau tiav nyob rau hauv lub Caucasus. Lub txawv teb chaws txoj cai ntawm lub empress yog offensive, uas zoo heev unnerved ib co European powers.

Milestone

Tag nrho cov hauj lwm ntawm no kuj zoo kawg poj niam hais tias nws twb coj feem ntau ntse ntsuav - ib tug heev zoo kawg li, saj zawg zog, devoid ntawm prejudice. Yuav ua li cas muaj zog thiab qhib tshiab tiam sis yog tus neeg ntawm Catherine 2, qhia tau hais tias lub keeb kwm ntawm txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv tiv thaiv smallpox, uas lub Empress ua nws thiab nws tus tub (tus txais li, nrog rau lwm yam, rau lub zwm txwv). Nws yog ib tug tiag tiag lub siab tawv qhawv ua, uas kuj yog ib qho ntawm cov kauj ruam ntawm puas tsuaj tag nrho ntawm qhov txaus ntshai tus kab mob, txiav ib zaug tag nrho lub zos.

Tshwj xeeb mention deserves empress thiab kev cai dab qhuas kam rau: yog hais tias nws tsis yog caum lwm faiths, Buddhists thiab xav thov ua tsaug txawm hais tias nws yog ib tug ntawm cov ces dawb Tara (txawm hais tias txhais tau hais tias).

Yog li, replicating greasy ntaub ntawv hais txog Catherine 2, tus sau phau ntawv ntawm qias neeg insinuations qhia tsuas yog lawv ignorance. Rau nws lub sij hawm, nws yog tiag tiag ib tug zoo kav, puas tau ib tug ntau rau Russia. Cov kev kawm tau ntawm nws undeniable thiab vices - yog heev exaggerated.