Revolutionary Rudzutak Jan Ernestovich: biography, keeb kwm thiab nthuav tseeb ntawm lub neej

Lub neej yav tom ntej revolutionary Rudzutak Yan Ernestovich yug Lub yim hli ntuj 15, 1887 nyob rau hauv ib tug me me ua liaj ua teb Caune Latvian. Nws niam nws txiv twb zoo tib yam peasants. tus me nyuam tub kawm tau tag rau ob chav kawm nyob rau hauv lub parish lub tsev kawm ntawv. Thaum muaj hnub nyoog ntawm 18 xyoo, Ian tuaj koom lub party RSDLP thiab tom qab ntawd tsis kam lees yuav lub tswv yim ntawm cov Mensheviks tuaj koom lub Bolsheviks.

Junior revolutionary

Nationality Rudzutak yog ib tug Latvian, li ntawd, nws tog ua hauj lwm tau mas txuam nrog nws cov haiv neeg teb chaws. Nws coj lub npe ntawm tus underground Pumpur Vindavsky thiab taws ib lub zos pawg neeg RSDLP. Lub koom haum yog sai muaj zog thiab loj hlob. Rudzutak Jan Ernestovich lub luag hauj lwm rau kev thauj mus los rau Latvia txhaum cai phau ntawv, pamphlets, riam phom, kev dag ntawv xov xwm uas tau coj rau ships los ntawm txawv teb chaws nyob rau hauv lub guise ntawm cov lag luam tawm cov khoom.

Ua tag nrho cov twb ib zaug tuag down thawj kiv puag ncig ntawm 1905-1906. Muaj ntau activists thaum lub sij hawm twb puas tau raug ntes, thiab cov tub ceev xwm mus txuas ntxiv mus nrhiav tus so ntawm lub Bolsheviks, lub npe hu rau nws radical txoj hauj lwm tiv thaiv cov tub ceev xwm. Nrog rau cov kev nrhiav neeg ntawm cov poj niam tau cog revolutionary ua hauj lawm ntawm tus tub ceev xwm tswj kom thawj tau nyob rau hauv txoj kev, thiab ces infiltrate lub Vindavsky Committee. Nyob rau hauv 1909 Rudzutak Yan Ernestovich twb puas tau raug ntes thiab raug txim mus rau ib lub sij hawm ntawm 15 xyoo nyob rau hauv tsev lojcuj.

1917 yog cov

Bolshevik, zoo li ntau ntawm nws comrades nyob rau hauv khaum, twb tso tawm ua ntej ntawm lub sij hawm vim hais tias ntawm lub ob hlis ntuj kiv puag ncig thiab lub tom ntej amnesty. Thaum nyob rau sab nraum, Rudzutak Jan Ernestovich tam sim ntawd tuaj koom lub twb paub nws cov neeg sab nrauv ua hauj lwm. Nws los ua ib tug xibfwb lub Moscow Regional Bureau of soviets. Qhov tseem ceeb tshaj muaj nuj nqi ntawm ib tug revolutionary yog tsim kom muaj tiv tauj nrog cov lag luam tawm cov tsev koom nyiaj ntawm lub textile nyob rau hauv lub Central Industrial Region. Nyob rau hauv no ib puag ncig, lub proletarian Bolsheviks twb tshwj xeeb txhij txhua ntxhov siab.

Heev sai sai Jan Ernestovich Rudzutak tau raug xaiv los tuav ntaub ntawv ntawm cov lag luam tawm union ntawm textile neeg ua hauj lwm ntawm lub Moscow cheeb tsam. Nws lub koom haum, lub biggest strike ntawm 1917, uas pib rau 21 Lub kaum hli ntuj. Qhov no tawm tsam tiv thaiv cov neeg pluag ua hauj lwm tej yam kev mob twb tau mus kawm los ntawm 300 txhiab neeg ua hauj lwm. Hauj lwm ua ke txiav txim coj mus rau qhov kev ncua ntawm zus tau tej Shuya, Ivanovo-Voznesensk, Kostroma, Kineshma, ntaub pua tsev. Ob peb hnub tom qab cov txheej xwm, Lenin tus los ntawm UFW staged ib tug coup nyob rau hauv Petrograd. Hais txog qhov kev hloov ntawm lub hwj chim nyob rau hauv lub capital Rudzutak, uas yog nyob rau hauv Moscow, kuv kawm nyob rau hauv lub xov tooj. Bolsheviks thiab tsis ntev tsim tswj Thawj Throne.

Ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lub Supreme Economic Council

Nyob rau hauv Tej zaum 1918, Yang Ernestovich Rudzutak los ua ib tug mej zeej ntawm lub Presidium ntawm lub Supreme Economic Council (lub Supreme Economic Council). Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm nws pib ua lub textile department. Ua ntej ib tug tswv cuab ntawm lub tog kev nyuaj siab ib tug loj kev sib tw - mus restore lub qhauj nres. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, lawv yuav tsum tau muab nationalized. Tshiab txiav txim teem los ntawm tsis muaj txhais tau tias tag nrho cov, li ntawd, cov ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lub Supreme Economic Council yog nyob rau hauv tag nrho viav vias tsis siv ceev xwmphem. Qhov teeb meem yog tsis tsuas ib tug tsis muaj txoj hauj lwm. Tsis muaj tus tshiab cov ntaub so ntswg nws yog tsis yooj yim sua kom muab tso rau hauv lub tshiab tsim Red Army.

Thaum tsoom fwv tau tsiv mus rau Moscow, lub Supreme Economic Council rooj sib tham tej zaum twb muaj nyob rau hauv lub Kremlin. Nyob rau ib tug ntawm lawv Rudzutak Jan Ernestovich (revolutionary, raws li txwv mus rau sab saum toj ntawm cov neeg sab nrauv, yeej tsis nyob nyob rau hauv exile) tau ntsib nrog Vladimir Lenin. Ob tug Bolsheviks sai sai nrhiav tau ib tug ntau hom lus. Ib me ntsis tom qab, Lenin txhawb cov teg num Rudzutak, thov sai li sai tau rau requisition cov ntaub, nyob rau hauv lub ob txhais tes ntawm tycoons thiab loj capitalists. Lub Supreme Economic Council, ces, raws li nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov lub cev, vim hais tias ntawm lub ensuing civil tsov rog, kev txiav txim siab raug coj los ntawm kev quab yuam.

Nyob rau hauv Central Asia

Nyob rau xyoo 1922, tom qab lub yeej ntawm lub dawb thiab lub tsev lag luam ntawm Soviet hwj chim nyob rau hauv feem ntau ntawm cov qub Lavxias teb sab faj tim teb chaws Yan Rudzutak twb raug xa mus rau lub Central Esxias Bureau ntawm lub Central Committee ntawm lub CPSU (b), qhov uas nws los ua secretary. Nyob rau hauv cov cheeb tsam no tseem yuav muaj zog nationalist sentiment. Basmachi tsis nyiag ua ib kev hem thawj rau lub tshiab tsoom fwv, txawm li cas los, tsis tseg zuj units ntawm lub Red Army. Agricultural nyob rau hauv lub doldrums. Lub hauv paus ntawm lub Central Esxias kev khwv nyiaj txiag yog paj rwb, tab sis vim hais tias ntawm tsov rog thiab kev puas tsuaj nws ua rau nws yuav luag tsis muaj cog.

Rau ib cov tshuaj rau tag nrho cov teeb meem thiab coj Ian Ernestovich Rudzutak. Cov biography ntawm no revolutionary yog heev uas zoo sib xws rau cov Phau ntawv sau txog lwm yam kev Bolsheviks ntawm cov thawj yoj. Nyob rau hauv lub batch ntawm kev txiav txim, nws lossi hloov txaus qhia thiab specialization kev ua ub no. Nyob rau hauv Central Asia, nws tsis tseg rau ua lag ua luam tej teeb meem mus xyuas Moscow. Yog li ntawd, nyob rau hauv 1923 nws coj ib feem nyob rau hauv lub XII Congress ntawm cov neeg sab nrauv. Nyob rau hauv Bukhara, nws muaj peev xwm mus muab lub agricultural sector thiab coj lub neej rov qab mus rau ib lub thaj yeeb kawg. Yuav kom qhov no kawg, nws pib subsidization ntawm koom kev ua si uas tau tso cai rau cov neeg pluag coj qiv nyiaj thiab yaj nws economy.

Neeg lub Commissar ntawm Railways

Nyob rau hauv 1924, Rudzutak Yan Ernestovich (1887-1938) tau txais ib tug tshiab txoj hauj lwm. Nws los ua tus neeg Commissar ntawm Railways. Tom qab tsov rog, lub teb chaws twb tshuav nrog outdated, lov thiab puas lub tsheb thiab tsheb ciav hlau, uas yuav tsis withstand load thiab relying feem ntau tawm ntawm kev txiav txim. Ib feem peb ntawm Soviet choj twb puas lawm. Lwm ib nrab yuav tsum tau mus hloov, vim lub fact tias cov kev sib txuas lus tau ua nyob rau hauv XIX xyoo pua thiab twb dhau caij nyoog.

Nws kuj yog tsim nyog los hloov lub 15 000 kilometers ntawm railways. Cov tshuaj rau tag nrho cov teeb meem thiab pib Rudzutak Jan Ernestovich. Cov kev ua ub ntawm cov neeg Commissar lawm mas tseem ceeb heev rau lub neej ntawm tag nrho cov teb chaws. Nyob rau hauv nws kev taw qhia, ib tug unified railway tswj system tau raug tsim. Raws li cov kev pej xeem ua lag ua luam, nyob rau hauv tus txheej txheem yog ib tug ntau ntawm bureaucracy thiab liab daim kab xev, uas tau ces muab tso rau saum lub sib ntaus.

Txum Tim Rov Qab Soviet kev sib txuas lus

Ib xyoo tom qab noj chaw ua hauj lwm, Yan Rudzutak tau sim tawm ntawm tus thawj domestic diesel tshem ciav hlau ua nyob rau hauv Leningrad. Qhov no tshiab hom kev thauj yog ntau npaum li cas yig qauv siv ua ntej. Nyob rau hauv 1926, kev thauj mus los los ntawm kev tsheb nqaj hlau rau cov thawj lub sij hawm dhau tshaj ntawm lub pre-tsov rog nuj nqis.

Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, lub luag hauj lwm ntawm cov neeg Commissariat ntawm Communications yog lwm dej thiab cov hiav txwv fleet thiab sib xeem khiav kab. Muaj ntau ports ntawd puas thiab sunk ships. Vim tsis muaj nyiaj Rudzutak xav txhawb cov kev tsim kho ntawm me me dej tej nkoj nquam uas yig thiab pheej yig loj fleet. Nyob rau hauv 1927, tus neeg Commissar ntawm Railways npaj siab mus pib tsim kho ntawm lub Volga-Don kwj dej. Tab sis hais tias yog tsis yog txhua txhua. Tsis tas li ntawd nyob rau hauv lub cheeb tsam ntawm Rostov nws npaj mus tob zuj zus rau hauv lub Don, rau naval hlab ntsha mus txog tus dej nyob rau hauv lub cheeb tsam ntawm grain ntau lawm (pob kws tseem ib qho tseem ceeb ib feem ntawm exports).

Ntawm lub taub hau ntawm lub tog Control

Fruitful kev ua si, uas coj Rudzutak li Commissar, yuav tsis ua rau nws gradual sawv pem lub hauj lwm ntaiv. Nyob rau hauv 1931 nws tau los ua tus tswj ntawm lub Bolshevik Central Control Commission. Qhov no lub cev yog lub luag hauj lwm rau tog kev qhuab qhia. Coj mus rau lub tswj Yana Rudzutaka sawv valerian Kuibyshev thiab Grigory Ordzhonikidze.

Chaw ua hauj lwm, cov lwm yam, muaj ib tug tsis txaus siab chaw khaws, uas tau txais kev tsis txaus siab ua hauj lwm nrog cov tuam txhab. Cov hauj lwm ntawm cov lub cev muab lub teb chaws inspectors. Lawv saib tshaj lub tua ntawm Lenin tus nroj tsuag thiab yuav tsum tau tshem tau kabmob bureaucracy nyob rau hauv lub teb.

feemxyuam organizer

CCC ua hauj lwm los ua tshwj xeeb tshaj yog ib qho tseem ceeb thaum lub sij hawm thawj ob tsib-xyoo lub hom phiaj. Piv txwv li, nyob rau hauv 1933 cov teeb meem nrog rau cov mov ntawm ore, qhov loj tshaj plaws steel nroj tsuag nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws twb pib. Poob lawm nyob rau hauv lub teb ntawm Kuzbass thiab Krivoi Rog. Nws yog Central Control Commission muaj peev xwm mus nrhiav thiab tsim lub economic reserves thiab smooth tawm tsis zoo zoo ntawm lub ntsoog.

Rudzutak, tswj tag nrho cov dab, nws yog tsim nyog los muab tso rau lub zoo tshaj plaws ntawm lawv lub peev xwm. Cov phooj ywg uas sau hais tias nyob rau hauv tsev nws muaj ib tug lossis loj cov tsev qiv ntawv, qhov chaw uas nws mob siab npaum li cas ntawm nws dawb lub sij hawm. Feem ntau ntawm cov chairman ntawm lub Central Control Commission yog xav nyob rau hauv nyiaj txiag, nyiaj txiag thiab kev ntaub ntawv.

Arrests thiab executions

Txoj hmoo ntawm Yana Rudzutaka yog zoo ib yam li txoj hmoo ntawm ntau yam ntawm nws lug txhawb cov miv cov thawj ntawm cov Bolsheviks, tuaj koom lub tog ua ntej lub kiv puag ncig thiab nyob ib qho tseem ceeb tsoom fwv thiab tog posts nyob rau hauv lub USSR. Nyob rau hauv 1937, nws tau raug ntes. Lub foob muaj spying rau lub teb chaws Yelemees thiab counterrevolutionary Trotskyist kev ua si. Funnels rau Rudzutak tuaj thaum nws yog nyob rau hauv nws dacha. Ian Ernestovich ntsiag to zaum nyob rau hauv lub tsheb, tom qab uas tsis muaj leej twg pom.

Yav tas los Commissar raug tua Xya hli ntuj 29, 1938. Nws los ua ib qho ntawm ntau cov neeg raug ntawm Stalinist xav tias tsam lawv. Muaj ntau senior ua hauj lwm ces twb zoo li raws li Rudzutak Jan Ernestovich. Tsev Neeg ntawm tus tuag ua nws ncaj ncees nyob rau hauv 1956 tom qab lub XX tog Congress.