Ntau yam ntawm Classical Music: Keeb Kwm thiab Kws Tsim Nyog

"Classical music" thiab "suab paj nruag classics" yog ob yam sib npaug, tsis pub dawb los ntawm lub moj khaum ntawm cov lus, qhia txog lub suab paj nruag loj ntawm cov suab paj nruag, nws keeb kwm tseem ceeb thiab kev ntshaw ntxiv rau txoj kev loj hlob. Feem ntau lub sij hawm "classical music" yog hloov los ntawm cov kab lus "academic music".

Keeb kwm ntawm tsos

Txawm hais tias tsis muaj cov ntsiab lus, lub suab paj nruag classical keeb kwm keeb kwm, nrog rau lub caij nyoog enlightenment lub sij hawm ntawm lub era ntawm classicism. Cov paj huam ntawm lub sijhawm ntawd thiab cov yeebyam tau ua raws li cov kev sau ntawv ntawm cov kws sau ntawv qub, thiab cov txheej txheem no tseem cuam tshuam cov suab paj nruag kev lis kev cai. Trinity - lub sijhawm, kev ua thiab qhov chaw, tau pom nyob rau ntawm ib hom ntawm Opera thiab lwm cov suab paj nruag cov lus qhia uas yog nrog cov ntaub ntawv. Oratorios, cantatas tshau lub thwj ntawm kev siab phem, ib yam ntawm tus txheej txheem ntawm 17-19 centuries. Nyob rau hauv Opera ua yeeb yam, lub libretto twb yeej, sau rau ntawm thaj chaw ntawm lub sij hawm ntawm antiquity.

Ua tau

Zoo nkauj txhua hom ntawm kev ntaus suab paj nruag yog ib qho kev sib txuas nrog lub sijhawm ntawm classicism. Composer Gluck yog ib tug ntawm cov feem ntau muaj koob followers ntawm ancient kab lis kev cai nyob rau hauv cov suab paj nruag, nws muaj peev xwm mus ntsib tag nrho cov canons ntawm lub sij hawm nyob rau hauv lawv tej hauj lwm. Lub sijhawm ntawm yav dhau los yog qhov txawv ntawm lub ntsiab lus ntawm kev ncaj ncees, kev tsim qauv, kev sib haum xeeb thiab, qhov tseem ceeb tshaj, kev ua tiav ntawm cov kev ua suab paj nruag ua haujlwm. Tib lub sij hawm, qhov txawv ntawm cov yeeb yam tau siv, thaum polyphony yog softly, tab sis hais tias tsis lees paub, thiab nyob rau hauv nws qhov chaw yuav luag lej txiav txim siab ntawm qhov ib hom ntawv nyeem sawv. Sij hawm dhau los, cov ntau hom kev ua suab paj nruag tau txais kev kawm siab.

Hauv qhov yeeb yaj kiab, lub tsho ntawm solo pib hnov cov lus sibtham, thaum xub thawj tag nrho cov neeg koom ua si tau sib npaug. Lub hauv paus ntawm domination enriched lub suab, lub libretto coj ib tug txawv kiag li daim ntawv, thiab cov kev ua tau los ua theatrical opera. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov khoom ua suab paj nruag tau hloov, cov twj paj nruag solo tau muab tso rau pem hauv ntej, nrog tau khaws cia rau hauv keeb kwm yav dhau.

Suab paj nruag, tiam sis thiab yeej

Lub sijhawm thaum classicism, cov suab paj nruag "tsim" tshiab tau tsim. Ib hom kev ua suab paj nruag ua rau ntau tshaj plaws nyob rau tiam 18th century. Orchestral, ensemble, solo-voice thiab tshwj xeeb tshaj yog symphonic ensembles ua raws li tus tshiab canons nyob rau hauv suab paj nruag, thaum improvisations tau minimized.

Cov hom suab paj nruag yog dab tsi? Lawv cov npe yog raws li nram no:

• Variations;
• Symphonies;
• Opera;
• Kev seev suab paj nruag;
• Cantatas;
• Oratorios;
• Preludes thiab fugues;
• Sonatas;
• Chav;
• Tokaty;
• Fantasy;
• Organ music;
• Nocturnes;
• Symphonies yog suab;
• Cua paj nruag;
• Overtures;
• Cov Nkauj Nruab Nruab Nruag;
• Psalms;
• Elegies;
• Etudes;
• Kev nyiam ua suab paj nruas.

Kev loj hlob

Los ntawm nruab nrab ntawm lub xyoo pua paub, cov orchestras tau sib sau ua ke nyob rau hauv lub hauv paus ntawm randomness, thiab lawv cov kev txiav txim siab txiav txim siab tus composer txoj haujlwm. Tus neeg sau nkauj yuav tsum tsim nws cov dej num raws li cov seev cev, feem ntau nws tau stringed thiab tsawg tus cua ntses. Tom qab ntawd, muaj orchestras nyob ruaj khov, txaus koom siab, pab cuam rau txoj kev loj hlob ntawm ib hom ntawv ntawm symphony thiab instrumental music. Cov kev ua si orchestras twb muaj ib lub npe, tau tas li thiab ncig xyuas thaj tsam ze tshaj plaws.

Thaum pib ntawm lub xyoo pua 19th ntau lub tswv yim tshiab tau ntxiv rau cov npe ntawm cov suab paj nruag lwm yam. Nws yog concerts rau clarinet nrog orchestra, organa thiab orchestra thiab lwm yam kev ua ke. Tsis tas li ntawd muaj ib lub thiaj li hu ua Sinfonietta, ib tug luv luv daim music nrog kev koom tes ntawm cov tag nrho orchestra. Tom qab ntawd nws los ua ib tug fashionable requiem.

Cov neeg ntawm lub caij nyoog zoo, Johann Sebastian Bach nrog nws cov tub, Christophe Gluck, cov neeg sawv cev ntawm Italis thiab Mannheim ua yeeb yam tsim lub Viennese classical school, uas kuj muaj Haydn, Mozart thiab Beethoven. Nyob rau hauv tej hauj lwm ntawm cov Masters tau tshwm sim ntawm hom kab ke ntawm symphony, sonatas, instrumental plays. Tom qab ntawd, tau muaj cov rooj sib tham hauv chav ua haujlwm, ib tus piano trio, ntau txoj hlua quartets thiab quintets.

Viennese classical music ntawm lub caij Classical lub sij hawm mus ntseeg nkaws nyob rau hauv lub tom ntej no lub sij hawm, lub sij hawm ntawm Romanticism. Muaj ntau tus neeg sau ntawv pib ua lub neej zoo tshaj plaws, lawv cov tswv yim tam sim no thiab dhau mus dhau ib txoj kev kawm ntawm yav dhau los. Maj mam, qhov kev ntshaw ntawm cov masters raug lees paub tias "exemplary."

Lub sij hawm xyuas

Cov hom suab paj nruag tseem niaj hnub hloov mus, thiab thaum kawg, rau lawv qhov kev txhais, kev ntsuam xyuas tau tshwm sim, raws li lub siab ntawm kev ua zoo ntawm cov hauj lwm tau muab coj los ua, thiab nws cov nuj nqis yav tom ntej. Suab paj nruag uas sawv ntawm qhov kev xeem ntawm lub sijhawm, yog tas muaj nyob rau hauv kev hais kwv txhiaj repertoire ntawm yuav luag txhua lub orchestras. Yog li ntawd nws yog nrog rau tej hauj lwm ntawm Dmitry Shostakovich.

Nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua puv 19, muaj ib qho kev sim qhia txog qee lub suab ntawm lub suab hu ua lub suab paj nruag rau lwm hom suab paj nruag. Nws yog hais txog lub operetta, uas lawv pib hu rau "semiclassical." Txawm li cas los xij, qhov kev ua si sai sai no dhau los ua tiav ywj pheej, thiab tsis tsim nyog yuav tau muaj kev txwv.