Nobel nqi zog rau cov ntaub ntawv: daim ntawv. Nobel Literature nqi zog ntawm lub USSR thiab Russia

Lub Nobel nqi zog yog tsim los pab los ntawm industrialist, inventor thiab tshuaj engineer los ntawm Sweden, Alfred Nobel, thiab yog muaj npe nyob rau hauv nws yawm. Nws yog suav hais tias yog feem ntau prestigious nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no. Laureates tau txais ib tug kub puav pheej, uas qhia tau hais tias AB Nobel diploma thiab ib daim tshev rau ib tug loj sum. Cov yav tas yog muaj li ntawm profit loj, uas tau txais lub Nobel Foundation. Nyob rau hauv 1895, Alfred Nobel ua nws lub siab nyiam, los ntawm cov uas nws capital twb muab tso nyob rau hauv bonds, cov stocks, thiab cov qiv nyiaj. Nyiaj khwv tau los uas coj cov nyiaj txhua xyoo yog muab faib sib npaug rau hauv tsib qhov chaw thiab ua ib tug nqi zog rau cov achievements nyob rau hauv tsib qhov chaw: Science News for KIDS, physics, physiology los yog tshuaj, ntaub ntawv thiab kev ua ub no los mus txhawb nqa kev sib haum xeeb.

Tus thawj Nobel nqi zog rau Literature twb muab rau 10 Hlis ntuj nqeg 1901, thiab tau txij li thaum raug muab txhua xyoo rau hnub no, yog lub hnub tseem ceeb ntawm Nobel tuag. Awarding ntawm lub winners yuav siv sij hawm qhov chaw nyob rau hauv Stockholm los ntawm cov Swedish huab tais. Tom qab tau txais cov puav pheej ntawm cov Nobel nqi zog rau Literature laureates muaj 6 lub hlis mus rau xa ib tug qhuab qhia nyob rau hauv kev kawm ntawm lawv cov chaw ua hauj lwm. Qhov no yog ib qho tseem ceeb mob rau tau txais qhov puav pheej.

Qhov kev txiav txim txog kev uas yog muab lub Nobel nqi zog nyob rau hauv ntaub ntawv, cov Swedish Academy tau txais, raws li nyob rau hauv Stockholm, raws li zoo raws li lub Nobel pawg neeg ntawm nws tus kheej, uas yog nyeem tawm tsuas yog tus naj npawb ntawm cov neeg thov kev pab, tsis muaj hais txog lawv cov npe. Tus txheej txheem nws tus kheej yog tus xaiv ntawm classified, uas ua rau tej zaum npau taws critics thiab tsis ntseeg thov hais tias cov puav pheej muab rau kev nom kev tswv yog vim li cas es tsis rau kev sau ntawv kom tau zoo. Lub ntsiab sib cav, uas yog muab nyob rau hauv pov thawj - yog bypassed hwm Nabokov, Tolstoy, Bohres Joyce. Txawm li cas los, rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm tus sau phau ntawv tau txais yog tseem impressive. Ntawm Lavxias teb sab Nobel nqi zog khiav rau Literature nqi zog - tsib sau ntawv. Xav paub ntau ntxiv txog txhua yam ntawm lawv, saib hauv qab no.

Lub Nobel nqi zog nyob rau hauv Literature 2014 twb muab tsub 107 lub sij hawm, nws yog Patrick Modiano, Fabkis txawj sau ntawv thiab screenwriter. Hais tias yog, vim 1901, tus tswv ntawm khoom plig yog 111 sau ntawv (vim hais tias plaub lub sij hawm nws twb muab tsub lub ob sau phau ntawv nyob rau tib lub sij hawm).

Yuav kom sau tag nrho cov winners thiab tau ntsib nrog txhua yam ntawm lawv - nws yog ib tug heev lub sij hawm ntev. Lub nto moo tshaj plaws thiab mus xyuas lub Nobel nqi zog rau cov ntaub ntawv thiab lawv tej hauj lwm tseem ceeb no rau koj.

1. William Golding, 1983

William Golding tau txais tus nqi zog rau nws nto moo novels, uas nyob rau hauv nws cov hauj lwm, muaj 12. Qhov tseem zoo-paub, "Tus Tswv ntawm lub Yoov" thiab "qub txeeg qub teg" yog cov qhov zoo tshaj plaws-muag phau ntawv sau los ntawm Nobel laureates. Cov dab neeg "Tus Tswv ntawm lub Yoov", tso tawm nyob rau hauv 1954, coj thoob ntiaj teb koob meej rau cov txawj sau ntawv. Critics feem ntau piv nws nrog tus tshiab "Tus Catcher nyob rau hauv lub Rye" los ntawm JD Salinger degree ntawm nws qhov tseem ceeb rau txoj kev loj hlob ntawm cov ntaub ntawv thiab kawm kev xav nyob rau hauv feem ntau.

2. Toni Morrison, 1993

Nobel nqi zog rau cov ntaub ntawv - tsis tsuas cov txiv neej tab sis kuj cov poj niam. Cov no muaj xws Toni Morrison. Qhov no American txawj sau ntawv yug nyob rau hauv ib tug ua hauj lwm hauv chav kawm ntawv tsev neeg nyob rau hauv Ohio. Kev rau npe koom nyob rau hauv Howard University, qhov chaw uas nws kawm ntaub ntawv thiab lus Askiv, nws pib sau nws tej hauj lwm. Tus thawj tshiab, "Lub Bluest muag" (1970), tau sau nyob rau hauv lub hauv paus ntawm ib zaj dab neeg ua rau nws lub tsev kawm ntawv lub vajvoog ntawm sau ntawv. Nws yog ib qho ntawm feem nrov tej hauj lwm ntawm Toni Morrison. Lwm ntawm nws tshiab, "Sula," luam tawm nyob rau hauv 1975, yog nominated rau lub National Phau Ntawv puav pheej hauv lub tebchaws United States.

3. Dzhon Steynbek, 1962

Steinbeck nto moo tshaj plaws ua hauj lwm - "East of Eden," "Tus Txiv quav ntswv nyoos ntawm Wrath," "Ntawm Nas thiab txiv neej." Nyob rau hauv 1939, tus tshiab "Tus Txiv quav ntswv nyoos ntawm Wrath" los ua ib tug bestseller, muag tshaj 50,000 luam, thiab niaj hnub no lawv muaj pes tsawg yog ntau tshaj li 75 lab. Kom txog rau thaum 1962, tus kws ntawv tau nominated rau tus puav pheej yim lub sij hawm, thiab nws xav tias nws tus kheej tsis tsim nyog xws li khoom plig. Thiab ntau US critics sau tseg hais tias nws tom qab novels yog npaum li cas weaker tshaj yav dhau los, thiab teb tsis zoo txog qhov no ceremony. Nyob rau hauv 2013, thaum lawv Declassified ib co ntaub ntawv ntawm lub Swedish Academy (uas yog khaws cia ib tug ze ze guarded tsis pub leejtwg paub rau 50 xyoo), nws tau los ua tseeb hais tias cov txawj sau ntawv tau muab vim hais tias nws yog nyob rau hauv xyoo no "zoo tshaj plaws nyob rau hauv tuam txhab phem."

4. Ernest Hemingway, 1954

Qhov no txawj sau ntawv yog ib tug ntawm cov cuaj cov puav pheej winners rau cov ntaub ntawv, uas nws twb muab tsis tau rau lub chaw ua hauj lwm raws li ib tug tag nrho thiab rau tej yam khoom, namely tus tshiab "Tus Qub txiv neej thiab hauv lub hiav txwv." Nws yog ib tug ua hauj lwm ua ntej luam tawm nyob rau hauv 1952, coj cov txawj sau ntawv mus rau lub tom ntej no, 1953, thiab lwm prestigious puav pheej - lub Pulitzer yam khoom muaj nqis.

Nyob rau hauv tib lub xyoo lub Nobel pawg neeg Hemingway muaj nyob rau hauv daim ntawv teev cov neeg sib tw, tab sis tus khiav ntawm cov puav pheej los ua nyob rau ntawm lub sij hawm, Winston Churchill, uas los ntawm lub sij hawm uas twb muab 79 xyoo, thiab nws tau yog li ntawd txiav txim siab tsis mus nrog cov puav pheej ntawm cov khoom muaj nqis. Thiab Ernest Hemingway yog tus deserved khiav ntawm cov puav pheej nyob rau hauv lub tom ntej no, nyob rau hauv 1954.

5. Gabriel Garcia Marquez, 1982

Nobel nqi zog rau Literature nyob rau hauv 1982, muaj nyob rau hauv cov xov tooj ntawm Gabriel Garcia Marquez. Nws yog tus thawj txawj sau ntawv los ntawm Colombia uas muab tsub lub Swedish Academy. Nws cov phau ntawv, cov uas peb yuav tsum ntsiab qhov "Chronicle ntawm ib tug tuag twb qhia tseg lawm", "Caij nplooj zeeg ntawm lub Patriarch" thiab "Hlub nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm ntawm tus kab mob no," los ua qhov zoo tshaj plaws-muag tej hauj lwm sau ua lus Mev, nyob rau hauv nws cov keeb kwm. Cov dab neeg "Ib Puas Xyoo Solitude" (1967), uas yog lwm Nobel nqi zog khiav, Pablo Neruda, hu ua tus loj tshaj tom qab Cervantes ' "Don Quixote" tshiab creation nyob rau hauv lus Mev, tau raug txhais ua ntau tshaj 25 haiv lus, thiab cov ncig ntawm cov khoom yog ntau tshaj li 50 lab luam.

6. Semyuel Bekket, 1969

Nobel nqi zog rau Literature nyob rau hauv 1969, twb muab los rau ntawm Xamuyee Beckett. Lub Irish txawj sau ntawv yog ib qho ntawm feem nto moo neeg sawv cev ntawm modernism. Nws yog nws leej twg, ua ke nrog Ezhenom Ionesku nrhiav tau tus naas ej "ua yeeb yam ntawm lub absurd." Semyuel Bekket sau tau nws tej hauj lwm nyob rau hauv ob yam lus - Askiv thiab Fabkis. Lub nto moo tshaj plaws tus me nyuam ntawm nws cwj mem yog cov kev ua si "Tos Godot", sau nyob rau hauv Fabkis. Tej hauj lwm nram qab no lub cuab ntxhiab. Lub ntsiab cim thoob plaws hauv lub ua si yuav tsum muaj ib tug Godot, uas yuav tsum tau ua tej kev txiav txim nyob rau hauv lawv lub neej. Txawm li cas los, nws tsis tshwm sim, yog li tus nyeem ntawv los yog tuav tau txiav txim hais tias nws yog rau cov duab.

Beckett yog fond ntawm kev ua si chess, enjoyed zoo nrog cov poj niam, tab sis coj ib tug es secluded lub neej. Txawm tuaj mus rau lub ceremony, nws tsis pom zoo rau cov Nobel nqi zog, xa nyob rau hauv nws qhov chaw nws publisher Jerome Lindon.

7. Uilyam Folkner, 1949

Nobel nqi zog rau Literature nyob rau hauv 1949, mus rau William Faulkner. Nws kuj chiv tsis kam mus rau Stockholm rau cov puav pheej, tab sis nyob rau hauv lub kawg nws ntxias kom tus ntxhais rau nws. US President Dzhon Kennedi xa nws tau caw ib tug mus rau ib tug noj hmo ncaav nyob rau hauv Honor ntawm tus Nobel nqi zog. Txawm li cas los, Faulkner, nws lub neej xam tau tias yog nws tus kheej "ib tug txawj sau ntawv thiab ib tug neeg ua teb", nyob rau hauv nws tus kheej cov lus, twb tsis kam mus txais daim ntawv caw, xam hnub nyoog laus.

Lub nto moo tshaj plaws thiab nrov novels ntawm tus sau yog cov "suab thiab lub Fury" thiab "Raws li kuv Lay Tuag." Tab sis txoj kev vam meej ntawm cov hauj lwm tsis tau tuaj sai li sai tau, rau ib ntev lub sij hawm, lawv tsis yog muag. Cov dab neeg "Lub suab thiab lub Fury," luam tawm nyob rau hauv 1929, rau thawj lub 16 xyoo tom qab ntawv tau raug muag ncig ntawm peb txhiab luam. Txawm li cas los, nyob rau hauv 1949, lub sij hawm ntawm tau txais daim ntawv ntawm cov Nobel nqi zog sau, qhov no dab neeg tau tau ib tug qauv ntawm classical ntaub ntawv ntawm America.

Nyob rau hauv 2012 nyob rau hauv lub UK tuaj tawm ib tug tshwj xeeb tsab ntawm no ua hauj lwm, nyob rau hauv uas cov ntawv nyeem twb luam nyob rau hauv 14 txawv xim, uas tau ua nyob rau qhov kev thov ntawm tus txawj sau ntawv mus rau tus nyeem ntawv rau daim ntawv ceeb toom lub sij hawm txawv dav hlau. Limited tsab tshiab li cas xwb 1.480 luam thiab muag tam sim ntawd tom qab qhov kev tso tawm. Tam sim no tus nqi ntawm no tsis tshua muaj cov phau ntawv tshooj yog kwv yees li ntawm txog 115 txhiab rubles.

8. Doris Lessing, 2007

Nobel nqi zog rau Literature nyob rau hauv 2007, yog muab rau Doris Lessing. Qhov no txawj sau ntawv thiab kws sau paj lug los ntawm cov UK tau txais ib qho puav pheej thaum lub hnub nyoog ntawm 88 xyoo thiab tau los ua tus tswv ntawm nws. Nws kuj los ua lub thib kaum ib tug poj niam (13), yeej lub Nobel nqi zog.

Lessing tsis muaj ntau npaum li cas muaj koob meej ntawm critics vim nws tsis tshua tau sau nyob rau yam uas muaj feem rau cov lej sib raug teeb meem, nws yog feem ntau txawm hu ua dag Sufi tej lus qhia, cov lus qhuab qhia renunciation ntawm worldly yam. Txawm li cas los, raws li cov magazine lub sij hawm, qhov no sau yuav siv sij hawm lub thib tsib qhov chaw nyob rau hauv daim ntawv teev cov 50 loj tshaj British sau ntawv, luam tawm tom qab 1945.

Cov feem nrov ua hauj lwm ntawm Doris Lessing xam tau tias yog tus tshiab "Tus Golden Phau", tso tawm nyob rau hauv 1962. Ib txhia critics tus cwj pwm mus rau kuaj ntawm classical feminist prose, tab sis lub sij txawj sau ntawv nrog no lub tswv yim tsis pom zoo.

9. Alber Kamyu 1957

Nobel nqi zog rau tej ntaub ntawv, thiab tau txais lub Fabkis sau ntawv. Ib tug ntawm lawv, ib tug txawj sau ntawv, sau xov xwm, essayist, ntawm Algerian keeb kwm, Alber Kamyu, yog ib tug "Western siab." Nws nto moo tshaj plaws ua hauj lwm yog luam tawm nyob rau hauv 1942 nyob rau hauv Fabkis, zaj dab neeg "Lub sab nraud". English translation, kev muag khoom pib tau ua nyob rau hauv 1946, thiab twb nyob rau hauv ib tug ob peb xyoos, lub xov tooj ntawm cov ntawv luam muag yog ntau tshaj li 3.5 million.

Albera Kamyu feem ntau xa mus rau raws li cov neeg sawv cev ntawm existentialism, tab sis nws tsis pom zoo nrog rau qhov no thiab ntseeg tau raug tsis pom zoo xws li ib tug txhais. Yog li ntawd, nyob rau hauv ib tug hais lus nyob rau lub Nobel nqi zog, nws sau hais tias nyob rau hauv nws cov hauj lwm nrhiav kom "tsis txhob blatant lies thiab tiv kev tsim txom."

10. Elis Manro, 2013

Nyob rau hauv 2013, lub nominees ntawm lub Nobel nqi zog rau cov ntaub ntawv muaj nyob rau hauv nws cov daim ntawv teev cov Elis Manro. Tus Neeg Sawv Cev ntawm Canada, qhov no novellistka nto moo nyob rau hauv ib hom ntawv nyeem ntawm zaj dabneeg luv luv. Sau lawv, nws pib thaum ntxov, nrog rau cov tub hluas ntxhais hluas, txawm li cas los, cov thawj sau los ntawm nws tej hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lub npe ntawm "zoo siab seev cev ntawm ntxoov ntxoo" tau luam tawm xwb nyob rau hauv 1968, thaum tus sau twb muab 37 xyoo. Nyob rau hauv 1971 nyob rau hauv lub tom ntej no sau, "lub neej ntawm cov ntxhais thiab cov poj niam," uas critics tau hu ua "tshiab ntawm kev kawm ntawv". Nws lwm zajlus tej hauj lwm xws li cov phau ntawv: "Thiab yog leej twg yog koj, nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb, yog li ntawd?" "Qhov tus khiav nkaum," "Jupiter tus satellites", "Ntau npaum li cas zoo siab." Raws li ib tug ntawm nws cov collections, "Tus ntxub, kev phooj ywg, restore, kev hlub, kev sib yuav," luam tawm nyob rau hauv 2001, txawm mus ib Canadian zaj duab xis hu ua "Deb ntawm Nws", qhia los ntawm Sara Polli. Feem ntau cov nrov phau ntawv ntawm cov neeg sau yog suav hais tias yog "Txoj kev ntawm lub neej", luam tawm nyob rau hauv 2012.

Munro yog feem ntau hu ua lub "Canadian Chekhov", raws li cov yeej ntawm cov neeg sau ntawv tib yam nkaus. Ib yam li cov Lavxias teb sab txawj sau ntawv, nws yog yus muaj los ntawm lub hlwb realism thiab clarity.

Nobel Literature nqi zog ntawm Guj kuj

Rau hnub tim, cov uas tuav cov puav pheej yog tsib Lavxias teb sab sau ntawv. Tus thawj ntawm cov yog cov laureate I. A. Bunin.

1. Ivan Alekseevich Bunin, 1933

Nws yog ib tug zoo-paub Lavxias teb sab txawj sau ntawv thiab kws sau paj lug, ib tug tswv ntawm muaj tiag prose, yog ib tug mus saib xyuas tug tswv cuab ntawm lub St. Petersburg Academy ntawm Sciences. Nyob rau hauv 1920, Ivan emigrated mus rau Fabkis, thiab thaum muab cov puav pheej muab sau tseg tias Swedish Academy ua heev bravely, awarding txawj sau ntawv-neeg txawv teb chaws. Ntawm cov neeg sib tw tau teev thiab lwm Lavxias teb sab txawj sau ntawv, Maxim Gorky, txawm li cas los, lom zem ntau vim yuav tsum tau tso tawm nyob rau hauv luam los ntawm cov sij hawm rau hauv phau ntawv "Lub neej ntawm Arseniev" tipped cov dos tseem ntawm Ivan rau xyoo no tus puav pheej.

Thawj kwv huam Bunin pib sau ntawv nyob rau lub hnub nyoog ntawm 7-8 xyoo. Tom qab ntawd, tawm ntawm nws nto moo tej hauj lwm: tus tshiab "Lub Zos", ib tug sau ntawm "Suhodol", cov phau ntawv "John Rydalets", "Lub zoo los ntawm San Francisco", thiab lwm yam Nyob rau hauv lub 20s lawv tau sau. "Rose ntawm lub moos Yelikhau" (1924) thiab " kub tshav ntuj "(1927). Thiab nyob rau hauv 1943 nws tuaj mus rau lub teeb rau sab saum toj ntawm creativity ntawm Ivan Alexandrovich, ib tug sau ntawm cov dab neeg "Tsaus Alleys". Phau ntawv no yog rau rau siab ua ib tug lub npe - hlub nws "tsaus ntuj nti" thiab qhov tsaus ntuj nti sab, raws li tus sau sau nyob rau hauv ib qho ntawm nws cov tsiaj ntawv.

2. Boris Leonidovich Pasternak, 1958

Nobel nqi zog rau Literature los ntawm Russia nyob rau hauv 1958 nyob rau hauv nws cov daim ntawv teev cov Borisa Leonidovicha Pasternaka. Cov kws sau paj lug twb muab tsub lub nqi zog nyob rau hauv no lub sij hawm nyuaj. Nws twb yuam kom tso tseg nws nyob rau hauv cov kev hem thawj ntawm Lavxias teb sab mus. Txawm li cas los, cov Nobel Committee piav txog tus ua hauj lwm ntawm Pasternak raws li ib tug yuam, nyob rau hauv 1989, cev muaj puav pheej thiab daim ntawv kawm tiav tom qab cov txawj sau ntawv tuag nws tus tub. Cov naas ej tshiab "Tus kws kho mob Zhivago" yog ib tug yeej muaj tseeb artistic tim khawv Pasternak. Qhov no ua hauj lwm twb sau nyob rau hauv 1955. Alber Kamyu, khiav nyob rau hauv 1957, hais tias ntawm no tshiab nrog admiration.

3. Mihail Aleksandrovich Sholohov, 1965

Nyob rau hauv 1965 M. A. Sholohovu twb muab tsub lub Nobel nqi zog rau Literature. Zog ntawm Guj kuj tau ib zaug dua muaj pov thawj rau lub ntiaj teb no hais tias nws muaj feemxyuam sau ntawv. Pib nws txawj hauj lwm raws li ib tug neeg sawv cev ntawm realism, depicting no: contradictions ntawm lub neej, Sholokhov, txawm li cas los, nyob rau hauv ib co hauj lwm no yuav socialist currents. Thaum lub sij hawm lub Nobel Mihail Aleksandrovich hais lus nqi zog, uas sau tseg hais tias nyob rau hauv nws sau nrhiav qhuas "lub teb chaws neeg ua hauj lwm, builders thiab muaj nqi heev."

Nyob rau hauv 1926 nws pib nws loj tshiab "Thiab nyob ntsiag to ntws lub Don", thiab ua kom tiav nyob rau hauv 1940, ua ntej nws twb muab tsub lub Nobel nqi zog rau Literature. Sholokhov tej hauj lwm twb luam tawm daim, xws li lub "ntsiag to ntws lub Don". Nyob rau hauv 1928, ua tsaug nyob rau hauv ib feem los txhawb A. S. Serafimovicha, ib tug phooj ywg ntawm Michael, cov xovxwm muaj tus thawj ib feem. Qhov no yog tus thib ob ntim tau luam tawm cov nram qab no xyoo. Qhov thib peb twb luam tawm nyob rau hauv lub xyoo 1932-1933, muaj, nrog rau cov kev pab thiab kev txhawb nqa ntawm Gorky. Qhov thib plaub thiab lub xeem, uas yog luam tawm nyob rau hauv 1940. Qhov no tshiab yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev rau Lavxias teb sab, thiab rau lub ntiaj teb no cov ntaub ntawv. Nws tau raug txhais ua ntau yam lus, nws tau los ua lub hauv paus rau tus naas ej opera Ivana Dzerzhinskogo, raws li zoo raws li heev heev theatrical productions thiab films.

Ib txhia, txawm li cas los, liam tias plagiarism Sholokhov (xws li A. I. Solzhenitsyn), xav hais tias ib tug loj ib feem ntawm lub chaw ua hauj lwm tau raug sau dua tshiab los ntawm tus thawj F. D. Kryukova, ib tug Cossack txawj sau ntawv. Lwm yam kev soj ntsuam tau paub tseeb hais tias cov authorship ntawm Sholokhov.

Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd mus rau qhov chaw ua hauj lwm, tsim thiab Sholokhov "nkauj xwb av Upturned" nyob rau hauv 1932, ib tug ua hauj lwm narrating lub keeb kwm ntawm collectivization nyob rau hauv lub Cossack ib puag ncig. Nyob rau hauv 1955 tuaj rau tus thawj tshooj ntawm lub thib ob ntim, thiab tau tas kawg nyob rau hauv thaum ntxov mus txog 1960.

peb tshiab twb luam tawm nyob rau hauv lig 1942, "Lawv tiv thaiv rau lawv lub teb chaws."

4. Aleksandr Isaevich Solzhenitsyn, 1970

Lub Nobel nqi zog nyob rau hauv Literature nyob rau hauv 1970, yog muab rau A. I. Solzhenitsynu. Aleksandr Isaevich txais nws, tab sis nyob rau qhov khoom plig ceremony mus kawm tsis tau twv, vim hais tias nws ntshai tsam cov Soviet tsoom fwv, uas ntshai qhov kev txiav txim ntawm lub Nobel Committee raws li "politically hostile." Solzhenitsyn ntshai tsam hais tias nws yuav tsis rov qab mus tsev tom qab no txawv tebchaws, txawm hais tias tus Nobel nqi zog rau Literature nyob rau hauv 1970, nws tau txais, mus nce rau prestige ntawm peb lub teb chaws. Nyob rau hauv nws cov hauj lwm, nws kov cov ntse socio-thoj teeb meem, koom tawm tsam communism thiab nws cov tswv yim thiab cov kev cai ntawm Soviet lub hwj chim.

Ntawm cov ntsiab hauj lwm ntawm Aleksandra Isaevicha Solzhenitsyna muaj xws li: "Muaj ib hnub Ivana Denisovicha" (1962), zaj dab neeg "Matryona", tus tshiab "Tus Thawj vajvoog" (sau los ntawm 1955 mus 1968), "Cov gulag Archipelago" (1964-1970). Tus thawj luam tawm ua hauj lwm yog lub luv luv zaj dab neeg "Ib tug hnub nyob rau hauv lub Ivana Denisovicha", uas nyob rau hauv lub magazine "New World". Qhov no ntawv aroused zoo txaus siab thiab lub ntau cov lus teb los ntawm cov txawj nyeem ntawv, uas tshwm sim cov txawj sau ntawv los tsim "Lub gulag Archipelago." Nyob rau hauv 1964, thawj zaj dabneeg Aleksandra Isaevicha twb muab tsub lub Lenin nqi zog.

Txawm li cas los, ib xyoos tom qab, nws poob rau qhov chaw ntawm lub Soviet cov tub ceev xwm, thiab nws tej hauj lwm txwv print. Nws tshiab "Tus gulag Archipelago", "Thawj vajvoog" thiab "Cancer Ward" tau luam tawm txawv teb chaws, uas nyob rau hauv 1974 cov txawj sau ntawv tau deprived ntawm kev ua pej xeem, thiab nws tau yuam kom mus txawv teb chaws. Tsuas yog 20 xyoo tom qab, nws muaj peev xwm rov qab mus tsev. Nyob rau hauv 2001-2002, muaj yog ib tug zoo ua hauj lwm ntawm Solzhenitsyn lub "Ob Puas Xyoo Ua ke". Aleksandr Isaevich tuag nyob rau hauv 2008.

5. Iosif Aleksandrovich Brodsky 1987

Tuav tseg ntawm cov Nobel nqi zog rau Literature nyob rau hauv 1987, tuaj koom lub Cov Qib I. A. Brodskim. Nyob rau hauv 1972, tus kws ntawv tau yuam kom mus txawv teb chaws mus rau lub US, li ntawd, thoob ntiaj teb encyclopedia txawm hu nws American. Ntawm cov sau ntawv uas tau txais cov Nobel nqi zog, nws yog tus yau. Nws lyrics, nws conceptualized lub ntiaj teb no raws li ib tug keeb kwm kev cai thiab metaphysical chaw, thiab qhia lub tsawg xaav ntawm tus txiv neej raws li cov kev kawm ntawm kev txawj ntse.

Iosif Aleksandrovich sau tsis tau tsuas yog nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab, tab sis kuj nyob rau hauv lus Askiv paj huam, kev sau, kev sau ntawv thuam. Tam sim ntawd tom qab ntawv nyob rau hauv lub sab hnub poob ntawm nws thawj phau ntawv, nyob rau hauv 1965, Brodsky tuaj mus thoob ntiaj teb koob meej. Cov qhov zoo tshaj plaws phau ntawv ntawm cov neeg sau yog: "Quay incurable", "Ib feem ntawm hais lus", "Toj roob hauv pes nrog ib tug dej nyab," "Tus End ntawm ib tug zoo nkauj Era", "Tsis txhob nyob rau hauv cov suab puam" thiab lwm tus neeg.