National pejxeem ntawm Dagestan: daim ntawv

Nrhiav rau nws tus kheej nyob rau hauv lub Caucasus, yeej nyob rau hauv Dagestan, koj yuav pib nkag siab lub sij hawm - nkawd tau tib yam thaum xub thawj inhabitants ntawm no hospitable lub teb chaws, nws yog ua tau txawv heev. Nyob rau tib lub hauv av muaj ntau haiv neeg kab li kev cai, kev lis kev cai, lus thiab txawm lub suab hais lus. Yog vim li cas yog no mas? Ethnographers hais tseeb: nyob rau hauv lub koom pheej ntawm Dagestan, 33 cov neeg nyob. Peb kawm txog lawv ib tug me ntsis ntau.

haiv neeg nyob rau hauv Dagestan

Nyob rau hauv lwm lub teb chaws nws yog hu ua ib tug tshwj xeeb constellation ntawm haiv neeg. Hais txog kev haiv neeg ntawm Dagestan, lawv muaj pes tsawg yog ib qhov nyuaj rau xam. Txawm li cas los, peb paub tias txhua haiv neeg yog muab faib ua peb loj lus tsev neeg. Thawj - Nakh-Dagestani ceg txog lub Iberian-Caucasian lus tsev neeg. Ob - Turkic pab pawg neeg. Qhov thib peb - cov Indo-European lus tsev neeg.

Nyob rau hauv lub koom pheej muaj tsis muaj tswvyim ntawm "titular haiv neeg", tab sis nws nom tswv cwj pwm tseem siv tau rau cov neeg sawv cev ntawm 14 haiv neeg. Dagestan yog cov feem ntau multinational cov cheeb tsam ntawm Russia, thiab nws cov chaw uas zoo heev niaj hnub no muaj ntau tshaj 3 lab tus tib neeg.

Ib me ntsis ntxiv txog cov lus cov tsev neeg

Raws li peb tau hais tias, lub koom pheej ntawm Dagestan haiv neeg yog muab faib ua peb yam lus pab pawg. Tus thawj - Nakh-Dagestani ceg - yog Avars, Chechens, Tsakhurs, akhvakh neeg, karata neeg, Lezgins, Laks, Rutuls, Aguls, Tabasarans. Tsis tas li ntawd nyob rau hauv lub zej zog muaj Andi, botlikh neeg, godoberi neeg, cov neeg sawv cev ntawm lub Tyndall chamalyaltsy, bagvalal neeg, khwarshi neeg, tsez neeg, bezhta neeg, Hunzib neeg, hinukh neeg, Archi. Qhov no pab pawg neeg kuj piv tau Dargins, thiab Kubachins kaytagtsy. Ob txhais tsev neeg - Turkic - sawv cev los ntawm cov hauv qab no nationalities: Kumyks, Azeris, Nogai.

Qhov thib peb pab pawg neeg - Indo-European - yog ua los ntawm Lavxias teb sab, tats, Roob neeg Yudais. Qhov ntawd yog yuav ua li cas niaj hnub no saib txog haiv neeg nyob rau hauv Dagestan. Daim ntawv yuav tsum Iwj tsawg lub npe hu nationalities.

Avars

Txawm tias muaj tseeb hais tias lub teb chaws twb tsis muaj titular haiv neeg, cov Dagestani tseem muaj ib co kev faib mus rau hauv ntau thiab tsawg lug sawv cev Dagestan haiv neeg (nyob rau hauv xov tooj). Avars - lub feem ntau heev heev cov neeg nyob rau hauv Dagestan Koog (912 txhiab tus neeg, los yog 29% ntawm tag nrho cov pejxeem ..). Lawv lub ntsiab cheeb tsam ntawm kev pab yog nyob rau hauv lub sab hnub poob cheeb tsam ntawm mountainous Dagestan. Tus nyob deb nroog pejxeem tso nyiaj rau feem ntau ntawm cov Avars ntawm tag nrho cov pej xeem, thiab lawv cov kev sib hais haum los nyob rau nruab nrab nyob rau hauv 22 cov cheeb tsam. Cov tseem muaj lub Ando-Tsez haiv neeg uas yog hais txog mus rau lawv, thiab Archi. Thaum ub hu ua Avars Avars, raws li lawv muaj feem ntau hu ua tavlintsami los yog Lezgins. Lub npe "huam yuaj" lub teb chaws no tau txais nyob rau hauv lub npe ntawm tus medieval huab tais ntawm cov kev huam yuaj, uas kav lub nceeg vaj ntawm Sair.

Dargin

Yuav ua li cas haiv neeg nyob rau hauv Dagestan? Qhov thib ob loj tshaj plaws nyob haiv neeg yog xav tau Dargin (16.9% ntawm cov pejxeem, uas nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus txhais tau tias 490,3 txhiab. Pers.). Cov neeg sawv cev ntawm cov neeg nyob feem ntau nyob rau hauv lub mountainous thiab foothill qhov chaw ntawm nruab nrab Dagestan. Ua ntej tus kiv puag ncig, Dargin hu ua ib tug me ntsis txawv - akushintsy thiab Lezgins. Nyob rau hauv tag nrho , qhov no yog haiv neeg twg yog 16 thaj tsam ntawm lub teb chaws. Dargins yog ntseeg pab pawg neeg ntawm Sunni Muslims.

Nyob rau hauv xyoo tsis ntev los, cov xov tooj ntawm Dargin nyob ze ntawm lub capital ntawm Dagestan - Makhachkala - pib nce ho. Cov tib yam tshwm sim nrog Caspian Hiav txwv ntug dej hiav txwv. Dargins suav hais tias yog feem ntau coj mus muag thiab artisans ntawm cov pejxeem. Lawv haiv neeg twb tsim tau ntau xyoo nyob rau hauv qhov chaw dua trade khiav, uas tshuav nws cov cim nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov teb chaws lub neej.

Kumyks

Xav paub ntau ntxiv dab tsi yog haiv neeg nyob rau hauv Dagestan. Leej twg yog Kumyks? Nws yog cov coob Turkic neeg nyob rau hauv lub North Caucasus, uas yog muab rau tus loj thib peb ntawm cov haiv neeg ntawm Dagestan (431.7 txhiab neeg - .. 14,8%).

Kumyks nyob hauv lub foothills thiab lub nras cheeb tsam ntawm lub teb chaws, occupying ib tug tag nrho ntawm 7 cheeb tsam. Lawv yuav mus rau cov neeg ntawm ua liaj ua teb kab lis kev cai, nrees tswm rau tus xaiv qhov chaw rau no. Nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws no yog zoo tsim ua liaj ua teb, nuv ntses. Muaj kuj yog ntau tshaj li 70% ntawm kev khwv nyiaj txiag ntawm tag nrho cov teb chaws. Kumyks lub teb chaws kab lis kev cai yog nplua nuj heev thiab thawj nyob rau hauv nws tus kheej txoj kev - thiab nws yog ib cov ntaub ntawv, thiab lus dab neeg, thiab lub arts. Ntawm lawv yog cov ntau nto moo sportsmen-fighters. Txawm li cas los, qhov teeb meem yog cov neeg uas Kumyks sawv cev rau lub haiv neeg ntawm Dagestan, xws li ib tug ntau ntawm ruam neeg.

Lezghins

Yog li ntawd, peb tau kawm ntawm ib lub teb chaws cov pej xeem ntawm Dagestan. Ib me ntsis kov peb ua haiv. Tab sis nws yuav tsis ncaj ncees tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam txawm ib co ntawm lub teb chaws haiv neeg. Piv txwv li, Lezgins (385.2 txhiab. Pers., Los yog 13.2% ntawm cov pejxeem). Lawv nyob lowland, upland thiab foothill cov cheeb tsam ntawm Dagestan. Lawv cov keeb kwm teb chaws pom tau hais tias nyob ib sab qhov chaw ntawm hnub no lub koom pheej thiab nws cov neighboring Azerbaijan. Lezgins yuav tau zoo siab rau ntawm nws txoj kev nplua nuj keeb kwm, ncab ib ce los ntawm lub ancient sij hawm. Lawv lub teb chaws yog ib tug ntawm cov thawj pawg neeg thaj av ntawm lub Caucasus.

Niaj hnub no Lezghins muab faib ua ob qhov chaw. Tsis tas li ntawd, qhov no yog lub feem ntau warlike lub teb chaws, thiab yog li ntawd lub feem ntau "kub". Yog li ntawd ntau haiv neeg nyob rau hauv Dagestan? Daim ntawv yuav mus ib tug ntev heev lub sij hawm.

Lavxias teb sab thiab Laks

Ob peb lo lus yuav tsum tau hais txog lub teb chaws lub Lavxias teb sab-hais lus sawv cev. Lawv kuj sawv cev rau haiv neeg Dagestan inhabiting mas Caspian thiab cheeb tsam Makhachkala. Feem ntau cov Lavxias teb sab (104 txhiab., 3.6%) muaj peev xwm yuav nrhiav tau nyob rau hauv Kizlyar, lawv nyob qhov twg, ntau tshaj ib nrab ntawm tag nrho cov pejxeem. Nws yog tsis yooj yim sua tsis nco qab lub Laks (161.2 thous., 5.5% ntawm cov pejxeem), uas nrog rau keeb kwm lub sij hawm nyob hauv lub central ib feem ntawm lub roob Dagestan.

Nws yog ua tsaug rau tus Laks nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws muaj yog tus thawj heev orthodox Muslim lub xeev. Lawv pom tau hais tias masters ntawm tag nrho cov trades - Thawj Caucasian craftsmen tuaj ntawm lub teb chaws no. Yuav kom qhov no hnub, Lak khoom uas muab kev koom tes nyob rau hauv ntau yam thoob ntiaj teb kev sib tw, qeb duas qhov zoo tshaj plaws qhov chaw ntawm yawm.

Me haiv neeg ntawm Dagestan

Nws yuav tsis ncaj ncees rau tham xwb txog ntau cov neeg sawv cev ntawm lub teb chaws no. Feem ntau cov me me cov neeg ntawm lub koom pheej - Tsakhurs (9.7 txhiab, 0.3%.). Cov no yog cov mas cov neeg nyob ntawm lub zos, uas yog nyob rau hauv lub Rutul koog tsev kawm ntawv. Nyob rau hauv lub zos Tsakhurs zoo tsis muaj leej twg. Tom ntej no tsawg tshaj plaws lub teb chaws - Aguls (2.8 txhiab, 0.9%.). Lawv nyob mas nyob rau hauv Agulsky District, feem ntau kuj nyob rau hauv qhov kev koom.

Agulla yuav muaj nyob rau hauv Makhachkala, Dagestan Derbent thiab teeb. Lwm ob peb cov neeg Dagestan - Rutuls (27, 8 th, 0.9%.). Lawv nyob hauv lub yav qab teb lub teb chaws. Lawv tus xov tooj yog tsis ntau npaum li cas Aguls - qhov txawv yog nyob rau hauv lub chav 1-1.5 txhiab inhabitants. Rutuls sim los lo rau lawv cov txheeb ze, ces nws yog ib txwm tsim nyob rau hauv tej pawg me me. Chechens (92.6 txhiab, 3.2%.) - lub feem ntau tsausmuag thiab txhoj puab heev mus ob peb vas ntawm lub teb chaws. Tus xov tooj ntawm no lub teb chaws yog ntau npaum li cas. Txawm li cas los, cov tub rog ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv Chechnya ho pab cov pej xeem teeb meem no. Niaj hnub no Chechens kuj yuav ntaus nqi mus rau cov haiv neeg tsawg haiv neeg ntawm lub koom pheej ntawm Dagestan.

tshwm sim

Yog li ntawd dab tsi yog qhov nationalities ntawm Dagestan yog cov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws? Cov lus teb yuav ua tau tsuas yog ib - tag nrho cov. Raws li lawv hais txog cov koom pheej ntawm Dagestan - ib yam ntawm cov synthesis ntawm heev heev haiv neeg. Nws yog noteworthy hais tias yuav luag txhua txhua haiv neeg nws muaj nws tus kheej cov lus, uas yog heev txawv los ntawm nws cov neeg nyob ze. Yuav ua li cas muaj ntau yam nationalities nyob rau hauv Dagestan - ntau kev lis kev cai, kev cai thiab peculiarities ntawm lub neej tshwm sim nyob rau hauv no tshav ntuj lub teb chaws.

Nyob rau hauv lub Dagestani lus 36 hom uas muaj npe neeg. Qhov no, ntawm chav kawm, muaj txhawb rau complexity ntawm kev sib txuas lus nruab nrab ntawm cov neeg sawv cev ntawm cov neeg. Tab sis nyob rau hauv lub kawg peb yuav tsum tau paub ib yam - Dagestan neeg, thiaj li muaj ntau haiv neeg sawv cev, nws muaj nws tus kheej keeb kwm yav dhau los, uas muab ntxiv rau hnub no txoj kev muaj ntau haiv neeg, interesting thiab li txawv rau txhua lwm lub teb chaws haiv neeg ntawm lub teb chaws. Nco ntsoov mus ntsib qhov chaw no - koj yuav tsis khuv xim! Koj zoo siab hlo raws li nyob qhov twg nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws.