Dagestan lus. Dagestani tsev neeg. Dagestan ntaub ntawv

Txawm lub multinational Dagestan Caucasian lus nta txawv uniqueness, richness thiab ntau haiv neeg. Ib co lus yog hais rau cov neeg me me auls, yog vim li cas Dagestan hu ua "roob ntawm hom lus."

Qhov ntau haiv lus

Sau thiab sau Dagestani roob lus, muaj txog peb caug. Dagestani lus incorporated nyob rau hauv lub sab hnub tuaj pab pawg neeg ntawm cov Caucasian lus Japhetic. Chechen-Dagestani pab pawg neeg yog nyob rau hauv lub deb kev sib raug zoo nrog cov Abkhaz-Adygei western pab pawg neeg. Tsis pub dhau cov pab pawg neeg ntawm Dagestan lus muaj ib tug nyob ze kev sib raug zoo, cov ntawv pov thawj ntawm no yog tus qauv sau ntawv thiab cov ntsiab lus (tshwj xeeb tshaj yog Avar thiab Lak lus).

Ib txhia Dagestan lus me ntsis kawm. Zoo researched Dargin, Avar, Lezgi, Lak. Tsuas yog koj yuav ua tau ib yam ua ntej kev faib rau no yog vim li cas.

Tsav Dagestan lus

Nws yuav zoo raws li nram no:

1. Group Avar-Ando-Dido. Nws muaj xws li cov lus nram qab no: Andean (godobari, Andi ahvah, Botlikh, carat, bagvalal, Tindi, chamalal); Avar; Dido (Capucho, hvarshi, ginuh, hunzal, Didot); aul lus Archi los yog Rocha.
2. Group Dargin. Xws li Dargin, Kubachi thiab kaytaksky lus.
3. Lak pab pawg neeg no tsuas yog Lak.
4. Group Lezghian. Nws muaj xws li cov lus nram qab no: Lezgi, Samur (Agulla Tsakhur, Rutul, jack, haput, Khinalug, Kryz, Udi, buduk) Tabasaran.

Dagestan lus morphologically verbs yog siv tsis tau. Nyob rau hauv lawv muaj yog tsis muaj qho uas txawv ntawm tus kheej thiab ua saib tsis taus ntaub ntawv ntawm ib tug qhia txog kev ua. Muaj ntau Dagestani lus muaj feem xyuam rau ntau hom kev declination thiab tus naj npawb ntawm tus neeg mob.

Dagestani npe

Tag nrho Dagestani haiv neeg, xws li Kumyks muaj yuav luag tib lub npe. Hais tej zaum yuav txawv. Lub ib thooj - nws yog ib lub as lub npe. Tsis ntev los no muaj raws li tus kheej cov npe ntawm cov Lavxias teb sab lus.

Muaj ntau Dagestani npe yog muab raws li ib feem ntawm tsev neeg (xeem). Lawv yog ua los nyob rau hauv lub Dagestani lus nrog tshwj xeeb ntau tshaj ib tus suffix. Piv txwv li, nyob rau hauv lub Avar lus suffix -al: lub npe ntawm Ilyas - Ilyasal (Ilyasova). Nyob rau hauv Lak ispolzuyut -hul suffix nyob rau hauv lub npe ntawm Ali - Alihul (Aliev).

Muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm lub generic (tuhumnyh, tsev neeg) npe nrog rau cov kev qhia tswj tias ua li tus Dagestani lus, cov npe thiab haiv neeg lub npe, qhov chaw cov npe.

Declination ntawm cov npe

Nyob rau hauv lub Dagestani lus nrog ib tug ua ke ntawm cov generic (lub npe-tuhum) thiab tus kheej lub npe nyob rau hauv thawj qhov chaw muab tso rau lub npe nyob rau hauv lub genitive plural, thiab ces tus kheej lub npe. Piv txwv li: Ahmadhal Ali, Muhtarlany Gazhi.

Dagestani lus cia kom koj yaum tau cov tsev neeg lub npe ces, thaum tsis muaj koj tus kheej lub npe. Yog hais tias nws sawv tom ntej no mus tuhumnym (generic), ces, raws li ib tug txoj cai, cov poob yog ua tau, uas yog, lub npe khaws lub genitive cov ntaub ntawv, rau koj tus kheej lub npe yog leaning.

Thaum ua ib tug ntau yam ntawm cov ntaub ntawv - yuav nws ib tug passport, kev sib yuav daim ntawv pov thawj, metric, daim ntawv pov thawj, thiab lwm yam - .. Cov tsev neeg npe transliterated, Dagestan lus ces hloov -ev Lavxias teb sab, Poj niam. Piv txwv li: Abdullayev, Akhmedov, Omarov.

Dagestan ntaub ntawv

Cov ntaub ntawv ntawm cov neeg Dagestan ntau haiv neeg thiab ntau hom lus. Rau ntau centuries nws npaj rau kumykskom, Dargin, Avar, Lak, Tabasaran, Lezgin thiab Tat lus. Nyob rau hauv txhua tus ntawm cov phau ntawv Ameslikas tsim, qhov no yog kev lom zem ntau nyob rau cov kev cai thiab socio-economic kev loj hlob. Lub keeb kwm ntawm cov neeg Dagestan yog reflected nyob rau hauv lus dab neeg: lub lyrical thiab epic zaj nkauj, legends, kev cai, sayings, paj lug, legends. Muaj ntau ntawm lawv yog imbued nrog humanistic thiab kev ywj pheej dee, kev cuam tshuam cov neeg nriaj tiv thaiv cov neeg uas tsim txom. Yog li ntawd, piv txwv li, lub "party ntawm Patima", Lak song qhia zaj dab neeg ntawm tus tawm tsam nyob rau hauv lub 13-14 th centuries. nrog lub Mongols. Nyob rau hauv sib ntaus tawm tsam feudal qhia Kumyk "Kartgochak", "Song ntawm lub Aygaz".

Lub Dagestan fairy tales, heroic epics, keeb kwm zaj nkauj muaj xws li motifs ntawm fairy tales thiab zaj nkauj ntawm lwm haiv neeg ntawm Georgia, Azerbaijan, lub Middle East thiab Central Asia. Ua ke nrog lus dab neeg 17-18 th centuries. nquag tsim kev sau ntawv kev lig kev cai nyob rau hauv lub zos thiab Arabic. Feudal era yog yus muaj los ntawm cov keeb kwm keeb kwm, phau ntawv monuments, ntau yam treatises rau Philology thiab tej yam ntuj tso kev kawm ntsiab lus, tag nrho lawv muaj kev sau ntawv tsim nyog.

Nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 17th txoj kev loj hlob ntawm kev secular ntaub ntawv pawg Dagestani tsev kawm ntawv mousse Kudutlya, Shaaban los ntawm lub ntug. Muaj nws kawm philosophy, Arabic hom lus, kev cai lij choj, dictionaries tau tsim, nyob rau tib lub sij hawm muaj ua ntej sau ntawv kuaj. Txoj kev ntawm txoj kev loj hlob ntawm lub Dagestan ntaub ntawv yuav tsum havzoov rov qab mus rau keeb kwm keeb kwm Magomed Tahir al-carts, Gadzhi Ali, Hasan Alkadari.

Literature 19-20th centuries

Twb tau nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua puv 19 mus rau lub Dagestani ntaub ntawv tsom zoo txaus siab Lavxias teb sab kws tshawb fawb. Nws tau raug tsim thiab luam tawm ntau phau ntawv nyob rau hauv keeb kwm thiab ethnography ntawm Dagestan. "Derbent-lub npe" - tus hiob tsab twb luam tawm nyob rau hauv St. Petersburg nyob rau hauv 1851, xibfwb Kazembekom twb txhais ua lus Askiv, ua tsis muaj comments. Nyob rau hauv 1898 nyob rau hauv Tiflis, tib phau ntawv twb luam tawm thiab txhais ua Lavxias teb sab lus. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, lub "Derbent-lub npe" txhais ua Lak lus.

Lub kaum hli ntuj kiv puag ncig ntawm 1917 lub xyoo ua tswvcuab nyob rau hauv lub Dagestan ntaub ntawv ntau heev. Nws pib nws ceev ceev txoj kev loj hlob. Thaum lub sij hawm tsov rog, tau yug los ntau revolutionary, partisan zaj nkauj uas glorified lub Communist tog, txoj kev ywj pheej, uas ntxeev siab. Nyob rau hauv Soviet txoj cai, tag nrho cov neeg ntawm Dagestan rallied nyob rau hauv cov lub sij hawm uas tau pib muaj los tsim sau cov lus uas educates cov kev pejxeem. Tus thawj kauj ruam nyob rau hauv txoj kev loj hlob ntawm post-revolutionary ntaub ntawv ntawm Dagestan tau ua xws writers li H. Batyrmurzaev, Mr. Saidov. Nyob rau ntawm lub sij hawm, muaj ib tug teeb meem - qhuas tus Soviet lub hwj chim, nqa tawm active dag ntawm Communist lub tswv yim thiab nyob rau tib lub sij hawm rau las hostile bourgeois tswv yim.

Thaum lub sij hawm ua tsov ua rog II lub ntiaj teb no Dagestan paj huam thiab sau ntawv piav txog tus exploits ntawm Soviet cov tub rog uas tiv thaiv lawv lub tebchaws. Heev heev tej hauj lwm tau sau ntawv nrog rau tus yam ntxwv nta ntawm pej xeem cov kos duab. Nyob rau ntawm lub sij hawm, tau tsim xws tseem ceeb tej hauj lwm raws li lub "pem hauv ntej-line tub rog tus poj niam", "Song ntawm lub nkauj nyab" Tsadasa; "Nws niam lub suab," "Thaum lub rooj vag ntawm lub Caucasus" Hajiyev; "Cannon salvos 'Gamzatov; "Pom qhov mountaineer 'chav; "Hmo ntuj", "Dnepr", "Nyob rau txoj kev" Suleymanova.

Tam sim no, lub koom haum ntawm sau ntawv ntawm Dagestan yog ib tug ntawm cov loj tshaj plaws nyob rau hauv Russia. Nws ua tswv cuab muaj ntau tshaj 140 paj huam, playwrights, novelists, critics, txhais lus. Lub Union muaj cuaj tshooj, lub taub hau ntawm txhua tus ntawm lawv yog ib tug zoo-paub txawj sau ntawv ntawm lub ntiaj teb renown.