Turnover ntawm muaj / muaj nyob rau hauv lus Askiv: pab kev cai

Turnover 'muaj' / 'muaj / muaj', ... / (* hereinafter nyob rau cov qauv cov tsiaj ntawv - "THR") nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm cov qauv sau ntawv yog ib tug txawv los ntawm cov cai. Txawm li cas los, raws li nrog rau ntau yam lwm yam variations nyob rau hauv lus Askiv, nws yog ib txwm siv hauv kev hais lus. Nws muaj peev xwm tseem yuav siv ob qho tib si hais lus thiab nyob rau hauv kev sau ntawv, nyob rau hauv ib tug kev qhov chaw, thiab nyob rau hauv hauj sib txuas lus.

Kev siv cov no turnover yog txuam nrog ib tug xov tooj ntawm semantic thiab grammatical uas tsis, xws li semantic: kev qhia kom paub nrog cov tsis zoo li neeg kab lus 'nws yog ...', los yog ib tug adverb / muaj /; grammatical: tsis yog siv ntaub ntawv ntawm qhov qhia txog kev ua 'yuav', ntxiv mus rau lub predicate qhia txog kev ua tseem qhuas, thiab lwm yam

Vs. 'Muaj / muaj'

Yuav ua li cas distinguishes rooj 'muaj yog / muaj' rau lub adverb 'muaj'?

'Muaj' yog feem ntau ib tug li ib txwm qhov chaw ntawm ib tug adverb, teb cov lus nug "Qhov twg?", "Qhov twg?", Piv txwv li:

Yog koj xis muaj? / Yog koj xis muaj?

Cov phau ntawv yog muaj nyob rau ntawm lub rooj / phau ntawv muaj nyob rau ntawm lub rooj.

Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, nws tau semantic sis, vim hais tias nws qhia lub ntsiab "intrigue" cov nqe lus.

Txawm li cas los, raws li 'muaj' yuav ua raws li ib tug txheeb ze raug thiab tsis yog raws li ib tug hais txog ntawm ib qhov chaw. Qhov no txhais tau tias nws ua ib tug hais lo lus hais tias yog nominally yuav siv sij hawm nyob rau hauv lub luag hauj lwm ntawm cov kev kawm, thaum lub sij hawm kawm yog nyob rau hauv lub ntsiab lus ntawm lub predicate raws li ib tug ntxiv. Lub ntsiab lus yuav ua tau kawm, tsis muaj prejudice rau cov qauv sau ntawv thiab kev txiav txim siab muab tso rau hauv qhov chaw 'THR'. Qhov tshaj plaws xwb - yog li poob ib co ntxoov ntxoo ntawm lub ntsiab lus. Qhov no turnover hais lo lus 'THR' yog tsis raug mus rau kev nyuaj siab thiab hais raws li yog hais tias nyob dhau.

Yog li, / THR yog / THR yog / yog siv nyob rau hauv thiaj li yuav muab cov lus tshiab qhia thiab ua kom pom tseeb xim rau nws.

Vs.'it yog '

Yuav ua li cas distinguishes rooj 'muaj yog / muaj' lub formal hais lo lus 'nws' nyob rau hauv lub tsis zoo li neeg kab lus 'nws yog'? Ua li no, koj yuav tsum xav txog luv luv lub npe thiab pob. Ntsiab - ib feem ntawm lub keeb kwm yav dhau, tsis muaj kev siv cov lus qhia; Rem - yog lo lus tseem ceeb (kab lus), uas plays ib tug decisive luag hauj lwm, uas qhia ntau txog yog. 'Nws' - nws yog tus sawv cev ntawm ib tug cuav uas tsis yog-existent yuav txawj los yog twb muaj lawm qhov chaw nyob rau hauv lub ntsiab lus teb ntawm, thiab remoy no yog dab tsi tshwm sim rau nws, los yog nyob rau hauv dab tsi mob nws yog nyob rau hauv, li cas tej yam tshwm sim muaj. Whereas lub 'THR' - yog "attentive" yuav hais tias semantically (txawj) sib npaug mus rau lub complement ntawm lub predicate, thiab remoy yog feem ntau ib tug neeg los yog ib yam dab tsi. Hais tias yog, tus tsom xam yog positioned ntawm cov hav zoov, muaj, tej zaum lub xov tooj.

Tsis siv nrog Nruam, tus kheej tej lus raws li ib tug qhuas thiab nyob rau hauv lub passive suab (passive V.)

Nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb, lub kiv puag ncig 'muaj / muaj' nyob rau hauv lus Askiv yog ib tug paraphrase 'smth yog', 'ntau yog', qhov twg 'yuav' qhia txog kev ua zoo nkaus li nyob rau hauv nws cov semantic ntsiab lus - "tshwm sim", "yuav", "yuav tsum tau" "muaj", "yuav", "qhov chaw". Uas yog vim li cas nws yog tsis siv nrog constructs pawg nam Nruam (ntsig txog, thiab zoo meej Nruam), thiab muaj ib passive cog lus. Tib yam vim li nws yog tsis txais mus siv rau koj tus kheej tej lus - nws yuav tau tsis nyuaj li / THR yog kuv / kuv /, / THR yog lawv / lawv tau / raws li zoo to taub, thiab yog li ntawd tsis tsim teeb fundamentally tshiab, thiab ib tug semantic taw tes ntawm view yog meaningless.

turnover feem ntau yog siv 'muaj yog / muaj'

Los ntawm no nws raws li nram no tias cov qauv muaj peev xwm yuav siv tau rau:

- npe nrog nyob tej lus;

- numerals;

- indefinite tej lus.

Cov nram qab no lug (xwb nyob rau hauv lub active lub suab):

- tag nrho plaub lub sij hawm;

- nyob rau hauv ib tug meej txog thiab nrog sab saum toj sib nrauj.

Tus kwv tij raug 'Muaj' tej zaum yuav siv nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm txawv-pronged Siv. Cuaj kaum, nyob rau hauv thiaj li yuav txo lub sij hawm nws yog feem ntau xa mus rau cias li turnover 'muaj / muaj'. Scheme rau qhov kev siv ntawm tag nrho cov lug yog raws li nram no: qhib kev 'Muaj' lo lus. Nws muab tso rau lub koom haum pab qhia txog kev ua 'yuav' nyob rau hauv ib qho ntawm nws cov ntaub ntawv, nyob ntawm seb qhov teeb meem no; rau koom haum pab qhia txog kev ua yog ib tus uas muaj ib tug nyob lus (yog tias muaj), piv txwv li noun pab pawg neeg.

THR yog ua hauj lwm yuav tsum tau ua / Muaj yog ua hauj lwm yuav tsum tau ua li cas.

THR yuav ua tau ib tug neeg sab nrauv hmo no / Niaj hnub no yuav yog ib lub party.

THR yog tsis muaj kev puas tsuaj / Muaj tsis muaj kev phom sij.

THR tau ob hu xov tooj / txais ob hu xov tooj.

Turnover 'muaj / muaj' nyob rau hauv lub zoo tshaj thiab ntau tshaj

Thaum cov pab pawg neeg ntawm cov noun tom qab qhov qhia txog kev yog nyob rau hauv lub plural, nws yog tsim nyog los siv ntau tshaj ib daim ntawv ntawm qhov qhia txog kev:

THR ntau ntau yog vim li cas rau qhov no / Muaj ntau ntau yam.

THR twb ob tug txiv neej nyob rau hauv lub chav tsev / Cov chav tsev yog ob tug neeg.

Peb kuj siv tau ntau tshaj ib tus qhia txog kev ua kab lus ua ntej denoting txheeb ze empirical tswvyim, xws li 'ib tug xov tooj (ntawm) / a tej xov tooj', 'ib tug heev (ntawm)' / set, 'ib tug ob peb (ntawm) / tooj':

THR yog ib tug ntau ntawm cov neeg camped muaj / Muaj coob tus neeg uas tau tswm muaj.

THR tsuas yog ib tug ob peb sab laug / Tsuas muaj ib tug ob peb seem.

Yog hais tias ib tus nyob rau hauv cov pab pawg neeg yog zoo tshaj los yog incalculable, nyob rau hauv tib daim ntawv no yog siv, ntsig txog, thiab cov qhia txog kev ua:

THR yog ib tug taw tes peb yuav tsum tau ntxiv no / muaj ib yam uas peb yuav tsum tau ntxiv ntawm no.

THR yog tsis txaus chav tsev nyob rau hauv no / Yog tsis txaus qhov chaw.

Cov qhia txog kev ua nyob rau hauv lub zoo tshaj yog muab tso rau raws li yog hais tias nyob ib kab lus hais ob peb khoom los yog cov neeg, tab sis tus thawj noun nram qab no qhia txog kev ua yog nyob rau hauv lub zoo tshaj. xws li, los yog incalculable:

THR yog ib tug txiv neej thiab ib tug poj niam / Muaj ib tug txiv neej thiab ib tug poj niam.

THR yog ib lub rooj zaum thiab ob tug mejyig / Muaj ib lub rooj zaum thiab ob Armchairs.

occurrences

Turnover 'muaj' ( 'muaj / muaj', ...) peb siv thaum peb hais tias:

- lub hav zoov los yog nyob ntawm cov neeg, tej khoom:

THR yog ob tug neeg uas tej zaum yuav paub tias dab tsi tshwm sim / muaj ob tug neeg uas tej zaum yuav paub tias dab tsi tshwm sim.

- Yuav ua li cas-dab tsi tshwm sim:

THR yog ib tug lub rooj sib tham txhua txhua lub lim tiam / Txhua lub lim tiam muaj cov rooj sib tham.

THR yog ib tug tsiv sib ntaus sib tua / Muaj ib tug tsiv duel.

- Cov los yog kom muaj nuj nqis:

THR plaub caug ntawm peb, Kuv xav tias / Plaub caug peb li, kuv xav hais tias.

modal verbs

Turnover 'muaj / muaj' tau kuj muaj xws li modal verbs, ua raws li los ntawm ib tug 'yuav', 'tau' ( nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd mus rau cov neeg uas yog lub luag hauj lwm rau lub neej yav tom ntej thiab nyob rau hauv lub dhau los lawm):

THR yuav yog ib qho teeb meem / qhov teeb meem Tej zaum qhib.

THR yuav tsum muaj kev hloov nyob rau hauv tsoom fwv / yuav tsum muaj ib tug kev hloov nyob rau hauv tsoom fwv.

THR yuav tsis tau leej twg sab nraum / Tsis muaj ib tug yuav tsum nyob rau hauv txoj kev.

THR yuav tsum tau ib co yuam kev / yuav tsum tau tso cai ib co zoo ntawm yuam kev.

abbreviations

Turnover 'muaj / muaj' nyob rau hauv lus Askiv nyob rau hauv hais lus los yog kev teeb meem no tso cai ib tug yuav txo tau ntawm qhov qhia txog kev 'tsum' los yog modal qhia txog kev ua thiab abutting nws mus rau lub 'muaj' los ntawm ib tug apostrophe ( « 's» -' yog 'los yog' muaj ', « 're »' yog ',«' ll »- 'yuav' los yog 'yuav',« 've »-' muaj ',«' d »- 'muaj', 'yuav tsum' los yog 'yuav'):

THR yog tsis muaj kev nyab xeeb / tsis muaj kev phom sij.

THR'll yeej ib txwm yog ib tug yav tom ntej rau suab paj nruag / music los yeej yuav muaj ib tug yav tom ntej.

Kuv paub THR'd yuav muaj teeb meem / Kuv paub hais tias tuaj qhov teeb meem.

THR tau heev ib tug ntau ntawm cov kev tshawb fawb mus rau hauv nws / nws twb tau ua ib tug ntau ntawm cov kev tshawb fawb ntawm cov ntawv no.

Kuv twb tsis paub THR'd tau ib tug tua neeg / kuv twb tsis paub hais tias cov tua neeg twb tsis tau.

'Zoo tsum'

Tsis tas li ntawd, dhau li ntawm tus existential qhia txog kev ua 'yuav' - uas yog, muaj ib tug nqi ntawm "ua", "tshwm sim", - yuav siv tau ntau ambiguous "rau nkawd mus yuav qhov chaw yuav tsum tau", "ib tug xav hais tias yog yuav mus nyob rau ..." thiab zoo xws li cov nqe lus nrog verbs xws li 'tshwm sim' thiab 'zoo li':

THR zoo li yuav ib tug loj npaum li cas ntawm tsis meej pem txog qhov no / No mas, muaj ib tug lossis loj npaum li ntawm ambiguity txog qhov no.

THR nkawd yuav muaj ib co kev lam ua / Nws nkawd hais tias muaj ib co negligence.