Nanotechnology hauv tsev thiab hauv kev lag luam

Txhua hnub peb tabtom nquag nquag nquag ua haujlwm, uas nanotechnology coj lawv tus kheej. Peb tsim cov cuab yeej tshiab, peb tau txais cov ntawv tshwj xeeb, uas peb tsis tau xav txog ua ntej. Kev siv nanotechnology nyob rau hauv txhua txhua hnub lub neej tau ua nws tau hloov daim ntawv ntawm cov khoom uas paub peb. Vim tias qhov no, peb tau txais ntau yam sib txawv tiam sis tseem ceeb ntawm cov khoom. Qhov kev muaj tiag nyob ntawm peb yog qhov ua tsis txaus ntshai thiab feem ntau txaus siab rau lub neej zoo. Ib qho piv txwv meej: txo qis dua qhov ntev ntawm cov hluav taws xob uas siv rau qhov loj ntawm nanoparticles uas pom tsis tau rau tib neeg qhov muag. Cov koos pij tawj ua me me loj, tab sis ntau dua cov khoom tsim. Nanotechnology hauv tsev thiab hauv kev lag luam tau cia peb hloov txhua yam puag ncig peb.

Puas tsim nyog los tsim ib daim ntawv ntawm kev txawj ntse uas yuav ua tau raws li peb cov kev xav tau? Cov lus teb nyob hauv cov kev siv ua kom pom tseeb ntawm cov kev tshwm sim tshiab. Nanotechnology yog txoj kev rau yav tom ntej, raws li lawv muaj feem xyuam rau txhua yam hauv peb lub neej. Kev siv nanotechnology muaj ntau lub sijhawm, tab sis kuj tseem tsim tau ib qho kev txhawj xeeb.

Qhov rais rau lub nanoworld

Lub tshuab electron tsom tso cai rau koj saib hauv microcosm. Yog tias tsis muaj cov khoom tshwj xeeb, nanotechnology hauv txhua txhua lub neej yog qhov nyuaj nyuaj rau pom tam sim ntawd, vim hais tias lawv yog cov me me uas lawv tsis paub dab tsi ntawm lub qhov muag liab qab. Nws yog nyob rau ntawm lub cev uas cov khoom tshwm hauv qhov txawv txav tsis zoo thiab tsis txuam nrog. Kev siv cov khoom zoo li no cog lus tshwj xeeb ntawm tus kheej. Lawv muaj kev pabcuam tshiab, xws li tswj lub cev tib neeg lub cev thiab ib puag ncig.

Lub keeb kwm ntawm nanotechnology

Txhua yam pib nyob rau hauv 80s ntawm lub xyoo pua 20th nrog lub invention ntawm ib lub cuab tam uas hu ua ib qho kev tshuaj ntsuam scanning microscope (STM). Cov xibfwb qhia ntawv ntawm University of California James Jimzevsky siv nws txoj kev ua neej nyob hauv lub ntiaj teb ntawm nanoscale. Nws yog ib tus neeg hauv ntiaj teb no kom muaj lub cib fim los tshawb txog qhov teeb meem ntawm theem tsawg kawg, tsawg dua ntawm cov millimeter. Cov rub kom pom loj cia peb mus kawm ntawv rau qhov chaw, cia li raws li lub qhov muag tsis pom nyeem Braille. Tom qab ntawd tsis muaj ib tug yuav xav li cas pab tau nanotechnology nyob rau hauv lub neej thiab kev lag luam.

Ntsiab cai ntawm kev ua haujlwm nrog nanoparticles

Kev tshuaj ntsuam lub tshuab xoom xaim siv ib qho kev sojntsuam, uas yog ib rab koob ntawm 1-ies. Thaum nws txuas tsuas yog ob peb nanometers rau tus qauv, electrons pauv nrog qhov ze nanoparticle tshwm sim. Qhov tshwm sim no hu ua tunnel effect. Cov kev tswj kav txhim kho qhov kev hloov ntawm qhov ntau ntawm qhov kev sim, thiab raws li cov ntaub ntawv no, kev txhim kho ntau ntawm cov duab sab nraud ntawm qhov qauv ntawm qhov kev tshawb fawb yuav pib qhov chaw. Tus software tso cai rau koj hloov cov ntaub ntawv rau hauv cov duab uas muab cov kws tshawb fawb tseem ceeb rau lub ntiaj teb tshiab, siv nanotechnology hauv lub neej txhua hnub thiab lwm yam lag luam.

Raws li James Jimzevsky, ua tsaug rau lub tshuab luam yeeb electron microscopic, cov kws tshawb fawb thawj tau pom cov duab ntawm atoms thiab molecules thiab tau kawm lawv cov duab. Qhov no yog qhov tseeb ntawm kev tshawb fawb, vim hais tias cov kws tshawb fawb pib pom ntau yam txawv heev, ua tib zoo saib cov khoom ntawm tib neeg lub cev, tsis yog cov lab thiab cov billions, raws li nws tau ua yav dhau los.

Thawj discoveries

Kev siv cov cuab yeej tshiab ua rau muaj kev tshawb nrhiav pom. Thaum tus ntaus ntawv mus txog lub atom ib nrug ntawm 1 nanometer, muaj kev sib txuas ntawm nws thiab lub cev. Qhov no ua rau nws nrhiav tau ib txoj kev los tsiv mus rau tus kheej lub microparticles. Ua tsaug rau qhov no, nws tau los ua kom siv nanotechnology rau lub neej zoo.

Raws li James Jimzevsky, ib tug xib fwb hauv University of California, piav qhia, qhov kev nplhaib tsom tsom tsom tau ua rau nws ua tau kov cov suab paj nruag thiab cov xaim hluav taws xob. Cov kws tshawb fawb thawj thawj zaug tau muab cov khoom atoms rau saum npoo ntawm qhov teeb meem thiab tsim cov qauv uas yav tas los tsis tau xav.

Qhov tshiab nrhiav tau qhov tshiab (lub peev xwm los soj ntsuam thiab tswj cov ntsiab lus me tshaj plaws uas tsim muaj) ua rau nws siv tau nanotechnology hauv txhua fab lag luam tsis muaj kev zam.

Kev loj hlob ntawm nanotechnologies

Tus kws tshawb fawb thiab philosopher Etin Klin ntseeg hais tias qhov ua tau hauj lwm zoo ntawm nanotechnology yog qhov tseeb tiag, tab sis nyob hauv ntau lub hauv paus nws yog ua rau cov neeg muaj txuj ci siab. Raws li tus kws tshawb fawb thiab philosopher Etin Klin hais tias, txij lub caij nyoog ntawm kev paub txog kev pom zoo ntawm lub neej ntawm cov cuab yeej mus txog rau tsawg tshaj 100 xyoo dhau los txij thaum lawv tau muab lub sijhawm los tswj lawv. Cov kws tshawb fawb tau ntsib nrog tej lub cib fim, uas yav tas los tsis tau muab los xav. Tsuas yog vim li no, tsoom fwv ntawm txhua lub teb chaws tau pib tshwm los ntawm cov sciences. Txhua yam pib nrog lub koom haum Asmesliskas ntawm xyoo 2002, uas yog tus kws kho mob ntawm Pob Zeb thiab Benbridge hais. Cov kws tshawb fawb tau tuaj nrog lub tswv yim vwm uas ua tsaug rau nanotechnology, noob neej yuav muaj peev xwm daws tau tag nrho cov teeb meem uas nws ntsib.

Tsab ntawv no yog qhov pib ntawm ntau cov kev tshawb fawb uas ua rau nws muaj peev xwm siv cov tswv yim kev lag luam thiab kev siv technology li microelectronics, computer science, nuclear kev tshawb fawb, microbiology, laser technology, tshuaj, thiab ntau yam ntxiv.

Nanotechnology: piv txwv

Nyob rau hauv txhua txhua hnub lub neej muaj ntau unnoticed, tab sis tseem ceeb heev tshuaj, lub xub ntiag ntawm uas peb tsis txawm xav! Cia saib cov piv txwv ntau tshaj plaws:

• Cov xov tooj tam sim no. Tsaug rau kev siv cov nanotechnology, nws tau los ua kom txawj nruab siab ntawm tes, iPhone thiab lwm yam khoom siv nrog tshwj xeeb sensors uas ua raws li kev tiv thaiv. Txawm nrog tawg iav, microchips tsis ua hauj lwm.

• Tshuaj Txhuam Hnav. Nyuam qhuav pib, tsis muaj leej twg xav txog vim li cas tus cwj pwm zoo rau cov hniav yog txawv. Qhov no yog tag nrho vim yog muaj cov nanoparticles. Piv txwv li, calcium hydroxyapatite, uas yog pom tsis pom qhov muag liab qab, pab rov qab txhim khwb txha thiab tiv thaiv cov hniav ntawm cov kab.

• Adhesive plaster. Nanotechnologies nyob rau hauv txhua txhua hnub hauv lub neej muaj nyob hauv ntau yam kev npaj txhij txog. Piv txwv, ib txwm nplaum plaster. Nws muaj ib cov nyiaj nanolayer uas txhawb nqa sai sai thiab muaj cov kab mob tua kab mob.

• Xim rau tsheb. Cov niaj hnub tsheb xim tsev, ua tsaug rau nanoparticles, tuaj yeem npuaj ntiav thiab lwm yam kab tsim ua rau lub cev. Lawv suav nrog cov npas ntsej muag, uas muab qhov txiaj ntsig no.