"Naloxone": cov lus qhia rau kev siv, tiag tiag counterparts

Nyob rau hauv kev kho mob xyaum, muaj tej yam teeb meem nyob qhov twg txoj kev siv cov tshuaj tau nyob rau hauv overdosing los yog tsis zoo tshuaj tiv thaiv los ntawm ntau yam nruab nrog cev thiab tshuab. Heev feem ntau xws teeb meem txuam nrog rau opioid tshuaj. Yuav kom accelerate lawv ntsoos ntsoos los ntawm lub cev, cov kws kho mob siv tshwj xeeb tshuaj. Tshuaj "Naloxone" - ib lub cuab tam los pab txhim kho qhov teeb meem no nrog ib tug overdose ntawm opioid analgesics. Yuav ua li cas nws yog li cas thiab yog lub mechanism ntawm qhov kev txiav txim? Cia peb ua kom to taub cov teeb meem.

Hauj lwm ntawm cov tshuaj, muaj pes tsawg leeg thiab daim ntawv

Tshuaj "Naloxone" Neeg Daim Ntawv Thov koom opioid receptor antagonist. Nws active tshuaj yog naloxone hydrochloride. Ntau npaum cov ntaub ntawv uas muaj peev xwm yuav nrhiav tau nyob rau hauv tus kws ua lag luam, yog tsis yog li ntawd ntau haiv neeg, nws yog ib qho kev daws cov kev txhaj tshuaj thiab tshuaj. Cov yav tas yog heev tsis tshua muaj siv nyob rau hauv saib mob xyaum. Cov kua daim ntawv tso dej raws leeg los yog intramuscular cov thawj coj, los ntawm contrast, yog heev nrov. Muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm cov tshuaj, nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd mus rau lub active ingredient, muaj xws li ib tug txheej txheem pab Cheebtsam, sodium tshuaj dawb, purified dej, organic acids thiab ntsev ntawd.

Qhov tshuaj "Naloxone" nyob rau hauv kom meej lub khob ampoules ntawm 1 ml ntim txhua. Lub concentration ntawm active compound nyob rau hauv ib koob tshuaj yog 0.4 mg.

Uas khoom nyob rau hauv lub pob contour varnished nrog pob tshab yas cap ntawm txhuas ntawv ci los yog tsis muaj nws. Txhua pob tuas 5 vials.

1 los yog 2 circuits tej pob khoom uas muab tso rau hauv ib lub cardboard lub thawv, ua ke nrog cov lus qhia rau kev siv ntawm cov tshuaj thiab ampulnam Lancet. Yog hais tias lub vials yog nruab nrog ib tug tshwj xeeb lub nplhaib los yog taw tes ntawm puas, riam rau lawv qhib nyob rau hauv lub thawv tsis txhob muab.

Lub mechanism ntawm qhov kev txiav txim ntawm cov tshuaj "Naloxone"

Raws li hais saum toj no, cov tshuaj "Naloxone" Neeg Daim Ntawv Thov koom antagonists ntawm opioid receptors. Qhov no txhais tau tias tus neeg saib xyuas muaj peev xwm sawv ntawm thaiv cov hlab cov receptors, li no xa lub hauv paus thiab peripheral kev ua ntawm lub tebchaw los ntawm cov pab pawg neeg ntawm opioids. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, cov tshuaj thaum muab yuav ua rau ntsoos ntsoos cov tsos mob nyob rau hauv cov neeg mob uas tshuaj muaj yees ua.

Thaum uas siv cov "Naloxone" tshuaj, uas mechanism ntawm qhov kev txiav txim piav saum toj no, cov nyhuv tshwm sim nyob rau hauv ib tug luv luv lub sij hawm. Thaum intravenously muab tshuaj yuav siv sij hawm hauv cov nyhuv hauv 1-2 feeb, intramuscular tom qab 5 feeb. Lub duration ntawm lub kho nyhuv thaum tseem nyob ntawm seb qhov lawv ntawm koom haum saib xyuas cov tshuaj. Yog hais tias cov tshuaj yog tswvcuab rau hauv cov nqaij, cov tshuaj ua hauj lwm txog 45 feeb, thiab raws li thaum tso dej txhaj tshuaj - tsis muaj tsawg tshaj li 4 teev.

Tshwj xeeb yog feem ntau siv los kho cov neeg mob "Naloxone" tshuaj. Ntsiav tshuaj, nyob rau hauv zoo, yog tsis muaj zog thiab luv luv-lived.

Lub active ingredient ntawm cov tshuaj yaj nyob rau hauv lub siab rau metabolites. Lub sij hawm ntawm nws ib nrab-lub neej yog me me, cia li 30-80 feeb. 70% ntawm cov muab koob tshuaj "Naloxone" tas los ntawm ob lub raum nyob rau hauv 3 hnub.

Lub ntsiab kom zoo dua ntawm cov tshuaj "Naloxone" yog xav tau lub cev tsis muaj tsim nyob rau nws.

indications

Nyob rau hauv tej rooj plaub, nws pom zoo rau kev siv ntawm cov tshuaj "Naloxone"? Cov lus qhia rau kev siv ntawm cov tshuaj muaj ib tug ncauj lus kom ntxaws daim ntawv teev cov xwm txheej nyob rau hauv uas nws siv yog ib co ntshaw. Ua ntej ntawm tag nrho cov, nws yog tus kws kho rau cov neeg mob tom qab phais. Kev siv cov tshuaj "Naloxone" (analogues yog feem ntau kuj siv nyob rau hauv lub postoperative lub sij hawm) , nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no nws yuav pab tau coj tus neeg mob los ntawm ib lub xeev ntawm pw tsaug zog tshuaj. "Naloxone" Cov tshuaj no yog siv thiab los mus tshem tawm cov teebmeem ntawm ethanol lom, overdose analgesics, barbiturates thiab benzodiazepines.

Feem ntau nws siv yog tsis txhaum nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm yug me nyuam ntawm ib tug me nyuam nyob rau hauv ib qhov chaw uas cov niam thaum lub sij hawm ua hauj lwm rau tau ua tswvcuab opioid analgesics. Raws li txoj cai, cov me nyuam muaj teeb meem nrog txawj ua tsis taus pa. Tshuaj "Naloxone" eliminates lawv thiab pab qhib lub ntsws muaj nuj nqi. Tshuaj thiab muaj feem ntau siv raws li ib tug diagnostic nyob rau hauv tus neeg mob uas xav tias muaj cov tshuaj tiv nyob rau hauv ib tug neeg mob.

Nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg tias tsuas yog mob rau daim ntawv thov ntawm no lub cuab tam - nruj indications. Uas yog vim li cas cov kev kho mob xyaum nws yog siv nruj me ntsis rau ib tug kws kho mob tshuaj thiab nyob rau hauv nws saib xyuas.

Contraindications

Ntawm cov contraindications rau kev siv ntawm "Naloxone" npaj cov lus qhia rau kev siv hais txog cov hauv qab no tej yam kev mob thiab cov kab mob:

• Npau taws me ntsis rau lub active tshuaj los yog ib tug ntawm lub Cheebtsam ntawm lub tshuaj;
• kab mob plawv (organic);
• mob loj heev siab thiab raum kab mob;
• lub cev nyob tos rau opoidnyh analgesics.

Ceev faj yuav tsum tau muab rau cev xeeb tub cov poj niam nrog cov tshuaj nyob tos, raws li ntsoos ntsoos cov tsos mob, ua los ntawm cov kev taw qhia ntawm cov tshuaj tej zaum yuav adversely muaj feem xyuam rau me nyuam hauv plab mob. Tib yam siv rau cov kev siv nyob rau hauv cov me nyuam mos uas nws niam thaum lub sij hawm cev xeeb tub ua phem rau opoidnymi tshuaj.

Nyob rau hauv txhua rooj plaub, cov kev pab cuam ntawm cov tshuaj yuav tsum tau ntau dua tshaj lub peev xwm uas yuav muaj teeb meem nyob rau hauv tus neeg mob. Peb qhia rau koj tias tsuas yog tus xyaum ntawm tshuaj "Naloxone". Ntawv yuav tshuaj nyob rau hauv ib tug tsim nyog daim ntawv los ntawm lub mus kawm tus kws kho mob, tus neeg mob yuav tsis loj contraindications rau kev siv ntawm cov tshuaj no.

Txoj kev ntawm qhov kev siv thiab ntau npaum

Ntau npaum thiab lawv cov thawj coj raug txiav txim los ntawm ib tug kws rau lub hauv paus ntawm qhov tam sim no mob ntawm tus neeg mob. Peb muab cov pa regimen "Naloxone" tshuaj.

Overdosing analgesic tshuaj rau cov neeg laus yuav tsum tau cov kev taw qhia ntawm 0.4 mus rau 2 mg npaj (1-4 ampoules) intravenously los yog intramuscularly. Ib tug tib koob tshuaj rau cov me nyuam yog muab xam rau ntawm lub cev hnyav, nws muaj nqi 0.005-0.01 mg / kg.

Kev tshem tawm cov cov neeg mob los ntawm kev siv yeeb tshuaj hob pw tsaug zog (nyob rau hauv lub postoperative lub sij hawm), cov tshuaj yog muab intravenously nyob rau hauv cov nram no nqi: neeg laus nyob rau hauv ib koob tshuaj ntawm 0.1 mg ua raws li los ntawm rov taw qhia rau lub rov qab los ntawm tshwm sim ua tsis taus pa, cov me nyuam - 0.01 mg / kg lub cev hnyav los ua tsis taus pa.

Cov me nyuam mos tov twb muab intravenously, intramuscularly los yog perkusionno nyob rau hauv ib tug npaum li ntawm 0.1 mg / kg lub cev hnyav ib zaug.

Yog hais tias tsim nyog, lub diagnostic tshuaj raws li cov tshuaj no yog muab intravenously ntawm ib koob tshuaj 0.08 mg.

phiv tshua

Ntawm cov zoo txim ntawm siv yeeb tshuaj, "Naloxone" qhia hais cov nram qab no tej yam kev mob:

• xeev siab, tejzaum nws nrog ib tug along ntuav;
• ntshav siab;
• lus plawv dhia;
• tshee thiab convulsions;
• tawm hws.

Nyob rau hauv cov neeg mob uas opioid nyob tos, kev siv ntawm cov tshuaj yuav ua rau raws plab, mob tsis paub hais tias localization, o ntawm lub qhov ntswg mucosa, cov kev xav ntawm huab nkees, ua daus no, mob plab, thiab hnyuv tu-sauv. Cov phenomena yog xam tau tias yog raug rau cov tshuaj "tawg." Lawv cuag rau ob peb kaum feeb.

Drug analogues "Naloxone"

Yog nws tau los hloov nyob tus yeees ntawm cov tib tshuaj npaj "Naloxone"? Analogues ntawm lub tsev no mus rau hnub tim yog scarce. Cov no muaj xws "Narcan" tshuaj "Naltrexone", "Tsiklozotsin" thiab "Narkantin". Lawv pharmacological zog, indications thiab contraindications yog zoo li cov uas nyob rau hauv cov tshuaj thiab cov ntsiav tshuaj "Naloxone". Nws yog yog li ntawd undesirable siv lawv nyob rau hauv lub xub ntiag ntawm ib koob tshuaj tiv thaiv nyob rau hauv cov neeg mob nyob rau hauv ib tug compound xws li naloxone hydrochloride.

Cuaj kaum, muaj muaj nws zoo. Piv txwv li, cov tshuaj "Naltrexone" ua hauj lwm rau ib ntev lub sij hawm (txog 24 teev) thiab yog muaj tsuas yog nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov ntsiav tshuaj los yog tshuaj rau qhov ncauj Teev. Nws yog feem ntau siv rau coding los ntawm yees los ntawm xaws tsiav tshuaj nyob rau hauv daim tawv nqaij ntawm cov tshuaj.

Xyuas ntawm kev npaj

Cov kws kho mob "Naloxone" cov tshuaj muaj ib tug zoo lub koob npe nrov. Raws li lawv, nws yuav pab tau txuag tau ntau cov neeg mob nyob rau hauv cov kev tshwm sim ntawm yuam kev los yog txhob txwm overdose ntawm cov tshuaj los ntawm cov pab pawg neeg ntawm analgesics thiab / los yog opioids. Dua li ntawm qhov loj tus naj npawb ntawm contraindications thiab kev phiv, cov tshuaj yog tias yuav kuj zoo siv. Ntxiv mus, nrog nws cov kev pab, koj yuav tau qhia thaum cov tshuaj muaj yees ua.