Monastery cov neeg dawb huv Euthymius, Suzdal: yees duab, chaw nyob, qhib teev, keeb kwm

Yog hais tias puas tau muaj ib lub nroog uas yog nws tus kheej ib tug tsev cia puav pheej, qhov no Suzdal. Nws sij hawm uas tseem keeb kwm tsis tau tsuas tau fwm nyob rau hauv lub keeb kwm, tab sis kuj tseem tau nthuav niaj hnub no nyob rau hauv peb puas monuments uas yog ib feem ntawm lub Vladimir-Suzdal architectural complex ntawm cov laus.

Monastery cov neeg dawb huv Euthymius - ib tug ntawm cov hiob monuments ntawm architecture, uas muaj nws tus kheej keeb kwm ntawm "lub neej", raws li nyob rau hauv lub nroog nws tus kheej.

Suzdal

Rich Suzdal yog ib feem ntawm tus poj Kievan Rus, tab sis hauv lub xyoo ntawm founding ntawm lub nroog yog tsis paub hais tias. Rau cov thawj lub sij hawm nws yog hais nyob rau hauv thaum ntxov 11th xyoo pua nyob rau hauv lub keeb kwm, qhia zaj dab neeg ntawm cov neeg pluag nyob tsis tau.

Founded rau ntawm qhov chaw ntawm ib tug ua ntej lawm luam settlements, Suzdal pib loj hlob sai heev. Nws siv pib, zoo li feem ntau lub zos ntawm lub sij hawm, nrog rau lub Kremlin, uas yog tsim nyob rau ib ncig ntawm lub tsev. Suzdal tseem khaws cia tib txoj kev loj hlob lub hom phiaj, raws li nws yog nyob rau hauv antiquity, txawm hais tias nws hlawv mus rau hauv av ob peb lub sij hawm.

Rau cov thawj lub sij hawm no tau tshwm sim vim hais tias ntawm kev tsov kev strife ntawm lub Chernigov tub huabtais Oleg nrog lub qub txeeg qub teg Vladimira Monomaha. Rebuilt dua, Suzdal twb tom qab kub tuag los ntawm cov Mongols nyob rau hauv 1238. Nws cov tshiab heyday pib nyob rau hauv lub 14th pua, thaum nws tsis yog tsuas yog tus richest nroog, tab sis kuj qhov chaw ntawm lub Christian ntseeg. Piv txwv li, ua nyob rau hauv 1352 Monastery cov neeg dawb huv Euthymius, heev heev lub tuam tsev nyob rau hauv lub tenements thiab cov Pokrovsky Monastery attracted pilgrims thiab cov ntseeg los ntawm tag nrho cov tshaj Russia.

Tom qab Moscow los ua qhov chaw ntawm lub Moscow princes, Suzdal poob nws txoj qub hwjchim ci ntsa iab, los ua ib tug lub xeev lub zos, yog li hnub no yog ib tug tiag tiag architectural tsev cia puav pheej. Industrialization tsis tau kov no qhov chaw zoo nkauj, yog li nws yog ib lub pov haum ntawm tus naas ej neeg mus ncig tebchaws txoj kev "Lub Golden nplhaib ntawm Russia".

monastery tsev

Monastery cov neeg dawb huv Euthymius, uas nws keeb kwm hnub rov qab mus rau lub 14th xyoo pua, twb nrhiav tau los ntawm txoj cai ntawm tub huabtais Boris, uas kav thaum lub sij hawm ntawm lub Nizhny Novgorod-Suzdal nqi zog. Keeb nws yog lub npe ntawm lub cev hloov hlo rau tus Cawm Seej, tab sis nyob rau hauv lub cim xeeb ntawm Abbot Euphemia, uas mus nws tshaj 50 xyoo, tau raug renamed. Keeb xeeb uas ua los ntawm cov ntoo, ntawm Saint Euthymius monastery twb rebuilt dua nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 16th uas siv cov cib thiab nyob rau hauv daim ntawv no dim kom txog rau thaum hnub no.

Qhov chaw ntawm lub monastery ntawm tus ntug dej ntawm tus dej Kamenka, thiab nyob rau hauv sab qaum teb sab ntawm lub nroog yog xaiv yaam tseem ceeb. Nrog rau hauv lub 1200 meters los ntawm ib tug fortified phab ntsa nrog khwb yees, Monastery cov neeg dawb huv Euthymius (Suzdal) yog ib tug tiag tiag sib ntaus sib tua fortress thiab kev tiv thaiv rau nroog tuaj.

Cov phab ntsa ib ncig ntawm lub monastery twb ua tau nyob rau hauv lub lig xyoo pua 17th, thiab 12 watchtowers nrog loopholes thaum lub sij hawm yog cov feem ntau haib nyob rau hauv lub xeev ntawm Vladimir. Qhov loj tshaj yog ib tug mus txawv tebchaws ntauwd, uas nws qhov siab yog 22 meters. Nws yog tus nkag mus rau lub tuam tsev complex, txawm hais tias nws siv ua no muaj nuj nqi rooj vag tsev teev ntuj ntawm cov Annunciation, uas nkag mus hauv lub Monastery cov neeg dawb huv Euthymius thiab yog nyob rau hauv lub phab ntsa. Thaum lub sij hawm muaj kev kub ntxhov qhov kev siv ntawm xws li ib tug strengthening ntawm lub monastery yog ib tug yuav tsum, vim hais tias nyob rau hauv Orthodox churches tau txais kev cawmdim los ntawm tus invaders nres.

Monastic vaj tse: lub cev hloov hlo Cathedral

Niaj hnub no lub Monastery cov neeg dawb huv Euthymius (Suzdal lub zos) muaj 14 architectural monuments, uas yog zoo fwm.

Tus thawj pob zeb tsev yog lub tsev teev ntuj ntawm tus Cawm Seej, uas ua tau nyob rau hauv lub xyoo 1507-1511 rau lub pov tseg ntawm cov thawj Abbot ntawm lub monastery - Euphemia. Thaum tus Cawm Seej txoj kev Hloov Hlo no Cathedral, nws tau nkag mus rau hauv nws cov qauv los ua ib lub tsev teev tau ua nyob rau hauv 1564.

Niaj hnub no nws tsis yog tsuas yog lub tam sim no lub tsev teev ntuj, tab sis kuj yog ib tug cim architectural qauv, nyob rau hauv uas lub frescoes tsim nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 16th. Feem ntau cov tseem ceeb yog cov painting ntawm phab ntsa tau zoo masters los ntawm Kostroma rog Savina thiab Guriem Nikitinym (hnub nyoog 17). Hauv plawv ntawm lub frescoes - lub biography ntawm St. Euthymius, thiab cov portrait ntawm Grand tub huabtais Vsevoloda Vladimirskogo. Dluab ntawm cov vaj ntxwv ntawm Mikhail Fedorovich thiab Alexei Mikhailovich kuj yog ib feem ntawm zaj dab neeg dawb lias mural.

Tus zoo nkauj dawb-pob zeb cathedral, ib feem ntawm lub Monastery cov neeg dawb huv Euthymius nyob rau hauv Suzdal (uas nws qhov chaw nyob: Lenin Street, 148a), yog ib qho chaw cia tus dawb huv relics ntawm St. Euphemia. Lawv so nyob rau hauv ua nyob rau hauv 1823 ib tug silver reliquary.

Tsis tas li ntawd, lub cev hloov hlo Cathedral yog lub qhov ntxa Dmitriya Pozharskogo thiab nws tsev neeg. Ntawm no yog muab tej khoom, pub rau lub tsev teev ntuj - lub shroud, uas yog rau tus tub huabtais tus kheej embroidered los ntawm nws tus poj niam, thiab lub Moo Zoo nrog ib tug inscription.

nkag ntauwd

Tsis zoo li lwm yam yees tswv yim muaj ib tug square zoo lawm. Nws yog hlua nrog liab cib thiab symbolically muab faib ua ob qhov chaw. Lub sab ib feem ntawm ib tug loj dua yog lub bandwidth thiab muaj ob arched nqe vaj lug kub los ntawm Kyoto tshaj lawv.

Lub sab qaum kev ib tus pej thuam ntau muaj kuab heev. Txij li thaum nws tau pom los ntawm afar (tsev qhov siab ntawm 22 meters), cov sab saum toj tier twb dai kom zoo nkauj architraves thiab "siv" ua los ntawm bricks, uas tau muab nws ib tug tej yam "lightness" thiab txoj kev tshav ntuj.

Xaus nkag ntauwd hipped ru tsev. Nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 17th nws twb puas los ntawm xob laim thiab tsis rov qab los rau ntau xyoo. Txum Tim Rov Qab nqa tawm nyob rau hauv 1860, tseem zoo li las.

Niaj hnub no, on-site mus ncig teb chaws arches yog pib cov kev pab cuam thiab bookshop.

Lub monastery tswb pej thuam

Txhua lub tsev teev ntuj nws muaj nws tus kheej cim ringing ntawm tswb, thiab cov Suzdal Monastery cov neeg dawb huv Euthymius yog tsis muaj exception. Belfry ntawm lub orthodox siv nyob rau hauv nws tus kheej zaj dabneeg tag nrho, raws li ua tau thiab nyob rau txawv sij hawm thiab nrog sib txawv architectural yeej.

Lub earliest ib feem ntawm lub tsev teev ntuj - qhov thiaj li hu ua tswb stolpovaya Lub tsev teev ntuj ntawm Ioanna Predtechi. Tus qauv muaj 9 ntsej muag, uas yog tsis raug ntawm lub niaj zaus tswb ntauwd, yeej ib txwm muaj ib tug txawm tooj ntawm cov ces kaum. Raws li cov lus dab neeg, nws lub npe yog txuam nrog cov me nyuam yug ntawm John 4.

Me nyob rau hauv loj, lub tsev teev ntuj tswb twb npaj rau confessions grand dukes thiab kav cov vaj ntxwv.

Nws yog gallery uas tus tub vaj ntxwv yuav kis tsis paub, tsis txhob ntau pilgrims thiab cov ntseeg. Nws txuas lub tsev teev ntuj nrog arhimadrita tsev thiab Moos pej thuam. Cov tswb nrov ntawm lub xyoo pua 16th, hmoov tsis, tsis tau fwm raws li lawv raug xa mus rau lub smelter nyob rau hauv 1932. Yav tas los, lawv yog cov teeb liab rau kom cov kwv tij mus rau ib tug noj mov los yog ib tug thov Vajtswv. Niaj hnub no, lub suab ntawm tswb hu cov neeg ncaj ncees rau cov kev pab cuam nyob rau hauv ib tug nyob ze lub cev Hloov Hlo Cathedral.

Assumption Refectory Lub tsev teev ntuj

Yam txawv lub Belfry Lub Assumption refectory lub tsev teev ntuj, uas yog ib tug ntawm cov thawj nyob rau hauv Russia architectural tsev pheebsuab lug. Nws ua tau nyob rau hauv 1525 thiab muaj nyob rau ib sab ib lub tsev teev ntuj nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov pillar zoo li lub tsev teev ntuj, muaj npe nyob rau hauv Honor ntawm lub martyr Diomede, thiab nyob rau lwm yam - ib chav tsev ntawm lub refectory muaj caij ru tsev.

Lub sab ib feem ntawm cov monks siv rau tsev neeg xav tau kev pab, thaum lub sab sauv lub tsev yog lub refectory.

Qhov no graceful lub tsev teev ntuj adjoins arhimandritsky lub cev, uas yog Ameslikas ua rau cov kev xav tau ntawm lub txhab nyiaj, tab sis nyob rau hauv lub 18th xyoo pua nws los ua ib tug nyob Archimandrite, thiab nws los ua ib tug neeg pej xeem lub tsev. Ua nyob rau hauv tus duab ntawm tsab ntawv "G", lub vaj tse muaj ib tug ntoo gallery rau lub "promenade", uas yog kev txhawb los ntawm cov pob zeb tug ncej.

Thaum lub sij hawm ntawm lub Assumption refectory lub tsev teev ntuj twb pleev xim rau sab hauv nrog frescoes, uas tsis tau dim mus rau lub hnub tam sim no.

St. Nicholas lub tsev teev ntuj

Tus thawj lub tsev teev ntuj Nikolaya Chudotvortsa raug ua los ntawm cov ntoo thiab ua tau nyob rau hauv kev twb kev txuas nrog cov expansion ntawm lub monastery yog tseem nyob rau ntawm thawj lub Abbot. Txij li thaum lub Monastery cov neeg dawb huv Euthymius (Suzdal) los ua lub npe hu nyob deb tshaj nws cov ciam teb, ntau yam tshiab monks tau los pab tus Tswv nyob rau hauv no qhov chaw nyob rau hauv cov kev taw qhia ntawm ib tug paub qab hau saib.

Lub tsev teev ntuj ntawm Nikolaya Chudotvortsa yog nyob rau hauv ib tug loj cellar, lub refectory tau txuas mus rau nws, uas yuav haum raws li ib tug ntau ntawm cov neeg nyob ib zaug. Nws yog hu ua lub tsev kho mob lub tsev teev ntuj, raws li nws yog nyob ze sib thooj rau lub cev cov hlwb mob monks thiab nteg qhua ntawm lub monastery.

Pob zeb Lub tsev teev ntuj ntawm St. Nicholas, nrog nws cov adjoining tsev kho mob vaj tse, thiab tsa nyob rau hauv 1669. Nws muaj ib zaug xwb-domed tsev teev ntuj nrog ib tug facade uas yog dai kom zoo nkauj zakomary thiab trims nrog lub nta.

Lub tsev teev ntuj txum tim rov qab nyob rau hauv ob, thiab nyob rau hauv thaum ntxov 2000s twb tau kiag li hloov los ntawm ib tug ntoo ru tsev thiab pleev xim rau tag nrho cov facade.

mausoleum Pozharskys

Monastery cov neeg dawb huv Euthymius, uas nws qhov chaw nyob yog: Vladimir thaj av, Suzdal, Lenin Street, 148a, los ua tus so qhov chaw ntawm lub zoo Lavxias teb sab hero Dmitriya Pozharskogo thiab nws tsev neeg. Nws raug faus nyob rau hauv 1642, thiab lub ntxa ntawm nws tus tub John, thiab tub Petr Hovansky, grand dukes, ua ib lub qhov ntxa. Txawm li cas los, tom qab 100 xyoo ntawm lub tsis nco qab lawm qhov ntxa, nws pib mus poob rau hauv disrepair, raws li ib tug tshwm sim nws twb rhuav, thiab lub pob zeb raug siv rau cov kev xav tau ntawm lub monastery.

Nyob rau hauv 1851, archaeologist Count Uvarov coj ib tug ntoj ke mus kawm rau hauv lub Monastery cov neeg dawb huv Euthymius, thiab nws yog nws leej twg sab qhov seem ntawm ib tug crypt nrog plaub pob zeb tombs. Ob tug ntawm lawv koom rau tus tub thiab tub xeeb ntxwv Dmitriya Pozharskogo, thiab ob - tus hero rau nws tus kheej thiab nws tus poj niam.

Nyob rau hauv 1852, tag nrho cov tombs twb qhib thiab ua tib zoo soj ntsuam. Yog li, nws twb tau mus nrhiav tau uas lawv yog Dmitry Pozharsky. Nws yog tus uas pom los ntawm cov fwm attire.

Nyob rau seem ntawm ib tug Requiem liturgy los xij, tom qab uas tag nrho cov graves tau rov kaw, thiab saum toj no lawv nyob rau hauv 1858 peb pib ua ib tug mausoleum ntawm lub behest ntawm huab tais Alexander 2. Cov kev siv tau nqa tawm nyob rau cov nuj nqis ntawm tus neeg lub donations. Fij tseg rau Vajtswv ntawm lub mausoleum tau ua nyob rau hauv 1885.

Thaum lub sij hawm lub Soviet era qhov ntxa twb puas tsuaj dua, raws li nyob rau hauv 1933, lub Monastery cov neeg dawb huv Euthymius los ua ib tug tsev rau txim rau kev nom kev tswv neeg raug kaw.

Nyob rau hauv lub 70 xyoo ntawm lub xyoo pua 20th nyob rau qhov chaw ntawm kev faus Pozharsky memorial pob zeb twb ntsia, thiab tsuas yog txij li thaum 2007 pib caij nyoog kho tshiab ntawm lub mausoleum ntawm lub sia kev npaj, sketches thiab cov duab. Niaj hnub no, nws yog ib feem ntawm lub architectural complex ntawm lub Monastery.

tsev rau txim tsev fuabtais

Txij li thaum 1766, nyob rau hauv lub monastery nyob cellblock, raws li nyob rau hauv txoj cai ntawm Catherine 2. Chiv, nws twb npaj rau lub "vwm" rebels, cov uas twb tsis tau tsuas yog cov tswv teb, tab sis kuj mus rau cov neeg ntawm noble yug, piv txwv li, lub Decembrist tub huabtais Peter Shakhovskoy.

Tom qab ntawd, nws twb npaj rau lub apostate txiv plig thiab sectarians, thiab los ntawm 1923 mus 1939, tau ua ib tug insulator rau kev nom kev tswv neeg raug kaw.

Niaj hnub no, nyob rau hauv cov phab ntsa yog ib tug tsev cia puav pheej ntawm lub cim xeeb ntawm neeg raug kaw raws li lub sij hawm ntawm imperial Russia thiab Stalin tus tsuj. Yam ntawm lub tsev khaws puav pheej muab cov lus qhia txog lub neej, lub xyoo ntawm raug kaw thiab kev tuag ntawm nws nto moo tshaj plaws "inhabitants", ntawm lawv cov kws tshawb fawb, revolutionaries thiab cov neeg ntawm cov txiv plig.

fraternal complex

Lub thiaj li hu ua fraternal complex twb lub tsev, uas tsev lub monks 'hlwb. Ua nyob rau hauv thaum ntxov 17th caug xyoo, nws yog ib tug nruj qauv, uas yog cov tsuas kho kom zoo nkauj trims nrog lub nta rau lub qhov rais.

Qhov no ob-zaj dabneeg tsev, ua nyob rau hauv tus duab ntawm tsab ntawv "G", stretches nrog rau sab hnub tuaj phab ntsa ntawm lub monastery. Me hlwb kuj yog ib tug qhov chaw ntawm solitude monks, thiab niaj hnub no lawv yuav tsum tau saib kom paub lawv lub neej nyob rau hauv ib tug monastery ntawm lub sij hawm.

Yees thiab phab ntsa

Monastery cov neeg dawb huv Euthymius (yees duab qhia no) kom txog thaum hnub no cia nws yees thiab phab ntsa. Tag nrho cov ntawm lawv, tshwj tsis yog rau cov tswv yim muaj ib tug yeej zoo nrog loopholes. Txawm tias cov phab ntsa hauv lub monastery twb los ua ib ncig haib, lawv yeej tsis raug mus rau ib tug siege.

Builders nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 17th thaum lawv coj mus rau hauv tus account qhov kev siv ntawm tus struts uas tus Orthodox complex. Yog li, cov phab ntsa overlooking tus dej Kamenka, mas tsis tshua muaj, tab sis tsis yog li ntawd nyob rau hauv sab qab teb sab overlooking lub hav. Ntawm no, cov qauv yog ntau ntau thiab thicker, nws muaj peev xwm mus tiv thaiv qhov hluav taws kub ntawm cov phom.

Length ntawm 1200 meters ntawm cov phab ntsa, uas nyob rau hauv cov hnub suav hais tias tseem ceeb defensive tsev nrog loopholes, loopholes thiab soj yees.

Vladimir-Suzdal complex

Vladimir-Suzdal Keeb kwm Tsev khaws puav pheej yog founded hauv 1958. Nws muaj xws li architectural monuments ntawm Qub Lavxias teb sab architecture ntawm lub nroog ntawm Vladimir, Suzdal thiab Bogolyubov.

Monastery cov neeg dawb huv Euthymius los ua ib feem ntawm lub tsev khaws puav pheej-cia nyob rau hauv 1968 nyob rau hauv ib tug heev neeg pluag mob, vim ntau tshaj li 45 xyoo nws yog ib tug tsev rau txim rau cov nom tswv neeg raug kaw, tus tub hluas txhaum.

Lub kho tshiab ntawm lub monastery pub kom txuag tau keeb kwm monument ntawm architecture, uas yog tam sim no yog xyuas los ntawm txhiab ntawm tourists los ntawm txawv teb chaws.

Monastery hnub no

Tsis voos txiv neej niaj hnub no Monastery cov neeg dawb huv Euthymius, uas nws ua hauj lwm teev - los ntawm 10.00 rau 18.00 (txhua txhua hnub tsuas yog Monday), haum qhua kev hais kwv txhiaj neeb txhua txhua teev thiab ntau tib.

Txij li thaum xyoo 1991 los lawm, lub monastery twb teev raws li lub ntiaj teb no cuab yeej cuab tam los ntawm Unesco thiab lawm mas yuav kis tus txheej xwm ntawm lub thoob ntiaj teb ntawm lub tsev cia puav pheej.