Mexico: cov zaub mov thiab nyem. Vim li cas Mexican nplua nuj hauv cov ntxhia?

Mexico nyob hauv thaj chaw thib rau hauv lub ntiaj teb, hauv nws thaj chaw muaj cov siab siab, sib sib zog nqus hollows thiab nras. Tab sis nws tsis yog zoo kawg li. Ib lub teb chaws zoo tshaj plaws yog hu ua menyuam yaus ntawm cov haiv neeg: nyob rau lub sij hawm thaum teb chaws Europe tseem nyob deb ntawm ntau cov kev tshawb pom, Maya Indians twb tau siv lawv txoj kev paub txog hauv kev tshawb fawb, kev ua lej, kev sib tw thiab lwm yam kev ywj pheej. Mus txog rau tam sim no, ntau ntawm cov mysteries ntawm no amazing thiab paub qab hau pawg tseem unsolved.

Cov Neeg Qhev paub txog cov neeg nplua nuj siab ntawm lawv lub xeev, tom qab ntawd nws tseem tsis tau hu ua "Mexico," lawv muab cov zaub mov tso rau hauv txoj kev qhib, ua haujlwm rau lawv thiab siv lawv rau lawv cov liaj teb. Conquestador conquerors tau xav tsis thoob thaum cov neeg hauv zos tau nyiaj thiab muaj nqi pob zeb, thiab hlau.

Cov zaub mov ntawm Mexico yog cov ntau heev. Qhov no yog vim lub fact tias lub teb chaws muaj volcanoes (ob qho tib si tam sim no thiab ploj mus). Thaum lub sij hawm tawm, magma ntog nkaus xwb tsis nyob saum npoo, tab sis kuj hauv lub ntiaj teb, qhov twg muaj ntau yam kev tshwm sim thiab cov pob zeb tsim ua.

Geological qauv

Yog vim li cas Mexico muaj nplua nuj hauv cov zaub mov tsis tuaj yeem pom luv luv, vim tias muaj ntau qhov sib txawv ntawm cov txheej txheem ntawm thaj chaw hauv lub tebchaws uas cuam tshuam rau kev tsim pob zeb.

Lub tebchaws ntawm Meksia yog nyob ntawm tej lub chaw loj xws li:

1. Quav qhov chaw ntawm sab hnub tuaj, hnub poob - Sierra Madre.
2. Paleozoic folding ntawm sab qab teb ntawm Sierra Madre.
3. Nres ntawm Tsoomfwv Ncig Tebchaws Thoob Ntiaj Teb Thoob Xeev
4. Sonor thaiv.
5. Mexican trough.
6. Yucatan phaj.

Khais thaj chaw ntawm sab hnub tuaj thiab sab hnub poob ntawm Sierra Madre

Cov no yog cov khoom loj tshaj plaws ntawm Mexico. Sab hnub tuaj hauv cheeb tsam ntawm Sierra Madre yog nyob sab qaum teb ntawm qhov chaw nruab nrab ntawm 19 ° thiab 20 °. Nruab nrab ntawm folding muaj cov qauv ntawm Transmexican volcanic siv, qhov muaj ntau yam kub volcanoes. Lawv tsim los ntawm Neogene-Quaternary volcanics. Hauv cheeb tsam no, ib qho qhia tau Mesozoic-Early Cenozoic folding, uas tshwm sim ntawm crystalline schists thiab Precambrian gneisses. Cov pob nyiaj uas tsis thooj txhij rau Paleozoic sedimentary yog sawv cev ntawm cov pob zeb carbonate ntawm Pateozoic Qis thiab Nruab Nrab. Triassic thiab Jurassic coloured sandstones, evaporites, argillites, clays thiab limestone daim Mesozoic ntau ceg.

Kheej thaj chaw thaj tsam ntawm Sierra Madre yog siv los ntawm sab qaum teb ciam teb ntawm Mexico mus rau qhov siv phom. Qhov no folding yog tsuas yog tsim los ntawm tsuas yog volcanic Lig Cretaceous, Cenozoic pob zeb, uas muaj xws li basalts thiab andesites. Cov nyiaj ntawm tooj liab, silver thiab lead-zinc ores tuaj yeem raug tawm mus rau cov pob zeb hla hiav txwv ntawm Cretaceous lub sijhawm.

Paleozoic folding ntawm sab qab teb ntawm Sierra Madre

Cov qauv ntawm qhov sib npaug no nyob hauv Transmexican khi siv thiab khais thaj tsam ntawm Pacific Dej hiav txwv. Ntawm no sawv ntxov Paleozoic sab thiab metamorphic pob zeb, raws li zoo raws li lub Early Jurassic continental sedimentary strata, Jurassic marine sediments.

Nres ntawm Tsoomfwv Ncig Tebchaws Thoob Ntiaj Teb Thoob Xeev

Nyob rau sab hnub poob ntawm lub nris muaj pob zeb Mesozoic lub hnub nyoog, thiab feem ntau ntawm lawv muaj nyob ntawm granitoid batholiths. Ib txheej ntawm volcano dej ntub thiab marine sediments kis saum toj no cov formations. Rift Gulf of California tsim complex fold-ntsawj lug.

Sonor thaiv

Lub block yog nyob ntawm Gulf of California thiab sab hnub poob ntawm Sierra Madre. Nws yog tsim los ntawm granitoids thiab metamorphic pob zeb ntawm Precambrian keeb kwm, as Well as carbonate pob zeb ntawm Ordovician-Carboniferous.

Lub Sonor thaiv yog ua los ntawm kev kuaj pom ntawm chalky stocks ntawm granites, hypabyssal pob zeb, nyob qhov twg muaj deposits ntawm tooj liab-porphyry ores.

Mexican khoov

Mexican advanced deflection yog nyob rau hauv pem hauv ntej ntawm lub Cordillera folded siv. Nyob rau hauv feem ntau qhov chaw pom clastic pob zeb ntawm lub Paleogene thiab Neogene. Nqa pob zeb nyob hauv cov av xuab zeb chest limestones tau tsim cov dej minerals tawm.

Yucatan phaj

Tshaj li ntawm carbonates ntawm Neogene thiab Paleogene. Cov roj deposits yog tawm rau cov chalky rift deposits nyob rau sab hnub poob ntawm lub phaj.

Kev Pabcuam

Los ntawm cov qauv kev ywj siab nyob ntawm seb lub pob nyem thiab minerals ntawm Mexico. Lub nyem ntawm lub teb chaws yog complex: nws muaj roob, plateaus thiab plains. Feem ntau ntawm lub teb chaws yog nyob ntawm qhov highlands thiab lub toj siab hauv plawv. Lawm, lub toj siab faib rau ob qho chaw: Mesu Central thiab Mesu Severnuyu. Lub npe "Mesa" los ntawm lus Mev "rooj".

Central Mesa muaj puag ncig txhua sab ntawm roob tshuab. Nws yog yuav luag tag nrho nrog cov khoom volcanic, ntawm no tiaj tus dawb muaj ntau cov basins ntawm ancient pas dej. Central Mesa nce mus txog 2600 metres rau sab qab teb.

Western Sierra Madre yog ib lub roob siab heev, riddled nrog tob dej hav cuam kawb. Lub Sierra nce siab zoo li nws tsiv mus rau Gulf of California, tab sis mus rau hauv toj siab toj roob hauv siab qhov hloov maj mam hloov. Xws li qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov nce hauv qhov kev pabcuam tau piav qhia los ntawm qhov tseeb tias muaj ntau cov kev ua txhaum nrog ib lub hauv qab daus crystalline uas tshwm tawm ntawm qhov chaw. Qhov saum ntawm lub roob yog smoothed by sedimentary pob zeb.

Lub Xeem Kalifonias (California Peninsula) yog thaj av thiab nqes roob. Cov ridges mus txog 3000 meters saum toj no hiav txwv theem.

Eastern Sierra Madre - ib lub roob roob uas muaj qhov siab ntawm 1000 mus rau 3000 m. Tus Sierra yog them nrog cov pob zeb uas muaj cov pob zeb. Los ntawm lub chaw ntug hiav lowlands thaum tsiv mus rau sab hnub tuaj (mus rau Gulf of Mexico), lub roob steeply.

Nyob rau sab qab teb sab nraud ntawm Central Mesa los ntawm sab hnub tuaj mus rau sab hnub poob yog Transverse Volcanic Sierra, qhov loj tshaj plaws thiab siab tshaj plaws nyob hauv lub ntiaj teb. Ntawm no yog ib qho ntawm ntau tshaj plaws volcanoes - Orizaba. Nws txoj hlua haum nce mus txog 3000 metres ntawm lub hauv paus, thiab qhov siab yog 5700 m saum toj hiav txwv, uas yog me ntsis siab tshaj qhov Elbrus roob hluav taws.

Tsis tas li ntawd, thaum tsiv mus rau sab qab teb, Transverse Volcanic Sierra terminates nyob rau hauv ib tug tob basin ntawm tectonic keeb kwm. Tshaj li tus dej Walsas ncav lub Sierra Madre qab teb. Nws ncab lub sijhawm ua dej hiav txwv Pacific hiav txwv. Tsis zoo li lwm lub roob, nws tsis muaj volcanoes, nws yog tsim los ntawm cov pob zeb hauv av qeeg.

Lub Isthmus ntawm Tehuantepec yog tus qis dua, nws qhov chaw siab tshaj yog 650 m ntawm qee qhov chaw. Lub Chiapas roob system muaj ntau tshaj qhov qub. Lub caij no cov roob ua haujlwm thoob plaws lub tebchaws Mekas. Chiapas yog ib qho muab faib ua ob qho tib si: tib thaj chaw thiab Sierra Madre ntau.

Qhov loj tshaj plaws nyob rau hauv cheeb tsam yog lub lowland ntawm Mexico - Tabasco, nws yog nyob ze ntawm lub Gulf of Mexico thiab yog them nrog marine sediments.

Thaum kuaj xyuas tag nrho cov qauv thiab nyem, ib tus tuaj yeem teb lo lus nug txog vim li cas Mexican muaj nplua nuj hauv cov zaub mov. Qhov no tsuas yog nyob ntawm cov txheej txheem uas tau ua rau thaj chaw ntawm lub xeev niaj hnub txhiab xyoo dhau los: phaj taw, volcanic eruptions, glacier taw, yam.

Dab tsi yog nplua nuj hauv Mekika. Mineral cov kev pab

Peb muaj peev xwm hais tias nyob hauv lub teb chaws muaj ntau cov minerals. Vim li cas Mexican nplua nuj hauv cov ntxhia? Qhov no yog vim muaj ntau qhov chaw. Muaj cov tseem ceeb xws li cov hlau, mercury, kub, nyiaj, antimony, tooj liab, zinc, graphite, bismuth, etc. Ntxiv mus, lub teb chaws ua cov roj thiab roj. Ntxiv mus, cov zaub mov tseem ceeb ntawm Mexico yuav piav me me.

Roj thiab Roj

Txog 350 lub teb chaws roj thiab 200 tawm roj raug tshawb hauv thaj chaw hauv lub xeev. Feem ntau ntawm cov reserves muaj concentrated nyob rau hauv Gulf - Mexican roj thiab roj phiab.

Muaj ntau qhov chaw nyob ntawm thaj chaw, tab sis lawv txhua tus kuj tsawg, tsuas yog qee tus muaj cov roj khaws cia ntawm ntau tshaj 100 lab tons, roj - ntau tshaj 100 billion cubic meters. Raws li cov reserves ntawm cov khoom tseem ceeb, Mexico yog thib ob tsuas yog rau Venezuela hauv Latin America.

Muaj tsib thaj chaw hauv Mexican roj thiab roj phom:

• North-Eastern thaj av. Nyob rau hauv lub deflection ntawm lub Rio Bravo del Norte.
• Tampico Tuspan. Yav tas los, thaj chaw no yog qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws hauv kev tswj hwm. Tshwj xeeb tshaj plaws thaj chaw ntawm Poza-Rica nrog Upper Cretaceous reef limestones.
• Veracus.
• Sab qab teb. Nws nyob ze ntawm tus ntug dej hiav txwv ntawm Tabasco-Campeche. Tam sim no nws occupies thawj qhov chaw hauv roj reserves.
• Yucatan.

Coking coals

Lub ntsiab qhov chaw ntawm cov khoom yog Sabina phiab. Yuav luag tag nrho cov loj deposits yog tawm mus Cretaceous sediments.

Sulfur

Cov deposits yog tawm mus rau lub xeev sulfur-bearing xeev ntawm Gulf of Mexico. Hiab hnoos yog ua los ntawm cov pa roj carbon monoxide volcanoes nyob ze ntawm Teutanepek isthmus. Raws li cov reserves ntawm no pob txha, Mexico occupies ib qho ntawm cov thawj qhov chaw hauv lub ntiaj teb.

Kub, nyiaj, polymetallic ores

Tej pab tau cov zaub mov nyob rau hauv Mexico, xws li kub, nyiaj thiab ores, yeej ib txwm ua ke. Txoj siv txoj hlab pas ntawm cov nplaim tawg tau los ntawm sab qaum teb sab hnub poob mus rau sab hnub tuaj. Nws pib nrog loj deposits ntawm tooj liab, silver (cheeb tsam Cananea). Tom ntej no tuaj cov pob "knots" ntawm cov khoom kub, nyiaj thiab polymetallic ores. Cov no yog cov nyiaj li El Potosi, Zacatecas.

Mercury

Cov hlau txhab muaj nyob rau thaj tsam ntawm cov nplaj siab tshiab. Txais: El Oro, Taxco, Mineral del Monto, Wincuko.

Hlau ore

Hom tshuaj minerals feem ntau pom muaj ua ke nrog antimony thiab titanium ores. Thaj chaw nplua nuj nyob hauv cov zaub mov tsis tuaj yeem tsis muaj ntau, tab sis lawv ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv lub tebchaws. Cov nyiaj: Manzanillo, Durango.

Graphite

Tau nws tsuas yog nyob rau hauv lub xeev ntawm Sonora. Nws tau tsim vim yog kev cuam tshuam ntawm granitoid intrusions on thee txaj.

Fluorite

Hauv Mexico, 11% ntawm tag nrho cov reserves ntawm cov ntxhia no yog concentrated. Cov nyiaj qeg: Sacalpán, La Barra, Guadalajara, Paila, Aguacile, San Marcos thiab lwm tus.

Lub ntsiab pab tau cov zaub mov nyob rau hauv Mexico - nws tsis yog tsuas yog lub saum toj no-hais hom, tab sis kuj yog xws li raws li gypsum, pob zeb ntsev, opal, strontium.

Vim li cas Mexican nplua nuj hauv cov ntxhia? Cov lus teb luv luv yog: vim muaj ntau yam ntawm cov qauv hauv thaj tsam ntawm lub teb chaws, qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev khaus volcanism. Yog li no, ntawm no koj tuaj yeem pom nyob rau hauv yuav luag tag nrho cov khoom ntawm yuav luag tag nrho cov minerals. Qee cov minerals thiab pob zeb ua si tseem ceeb nyob hauv lub teb chaws txoj kev lag luam. Piv txwv, nyiaj, tshuaj lom, fluorite thiab roj.

Qhov loj ntawm thaj chaw zoo li lub xeev Mekas, cov qauv kev pab cuam, cov zaub mov, keeb kwm nplua nuj - txhua yam no ua rau lub teb chaws txawv thiab txawv.