Steppe Reserves ntawm Russia: Sau

Hauv lub ntiaj teb niaj hnub, peb tsis nco qab txog qhov xwm txheej puag ncig, ntau thiab ntau dua tearing ntawm nws txhua txhua xyoo. Cov nroog loj tuaj, muaj kev tsim tsheb tshiab, hloov kev ua haujlwm zoo nkauj thiab zoo nkauj ntawm peb lub neej. Lub luag hauj lwm ntawm preserving natural flora thiab fauna twb assumed los ntawm tshwj xeeb territories - reserves. Ntau tshaj li ib puas npaug thaj chaw tau tsim nyob rau hauv peb lub teb chaws, thiab lub tshav npav reserves ntawm Russia nyob hauv ib qho chaw tseem ceeb nyob rau hauv no system.

Dab tsi yog lub zeem cia?

Lub zeem cia yog xav tau ib feem ntawm qhov chaw (lossis dej cheeb tsam) uas muaj tag nrho cov khoom ntuj tsim tshwj xeeb khaws cia rau hauv daim ntawv dawb huv thiab ntuj tsim.

Keeb kwm ntseeg hais tias thawj kaujruam los tiv thaiv lub ntuj tsim tau qhov chaw nyob hauv III xyoo pua BC, hauv Sri Lanka. Nws yog muaj hais tias lub ntiaj teb thawj txoj cai kev txuag tsiaj txhu tau luam tawm. Thawj thaj chaw nrog ib puag ncig ntawm ib puag ncig nyob rau xyoo 13th hauv Ifrikia, thaum lub Hafsid dynasty txwv tsis pub yos hav zoov nyob rau ntawm ib lub pas dej.

Los ntawm txoj kev xam pom ntawm kev cai lij choj niaj hnub no, lub xeev kev tswj hwm ntawm Teb Chaws Asmeskas yog cov tshwj xeeb cov kev tshawb fawb tsim los tsim kom muaj kev txuag, nrog rau txoj kev tshawb fawb ntawm cov txheej txheem ntuj tsim thiab qhov nruab nrab.

Cov hom phiaj thiab cov hom phiaj

Tag nrho cov tiv thaiv reserves nyob rau hauv Russia tau tsim lawv tus kheej cov hauj lwm tib:

1. Kev txuag ntawm cov noob hiav txwv ntawm flora thiab fauna.
2. Kev txuag ntawm lub sam xeeb txog ntawm natural ecosystems.
3. Preservation ntawm ntau haiv neeg ntawm cov nroj tsuag thiab tsiaj zej zog.
4. Kev paub txog cov kev tshawb fawb hauv cov kev mob.

Tag nrho lub xeev reserves nyob rau hauv Russia, thiab tsis tsuas yog nyob rau hauv Russia, ua rau ib tus hauv paus ntsiab lus. Nws muaj peb lub ntsiab ntawm lawv lub cev:

• Cov tub ntxhais ntawm lub zeem cia;
• Tsis siv thaj tsam (kev);
• Ib thaj chaw muaj kev ruaj ntseg (thaj tsam ntawm thaj tsam ntawm thaj chaw nws tus kheej thiab thaj chaw uas tsis muaj kev tiv thaiv nyob ib sab).

Thiab loj reserves ntawm Russia, thiab me me sawv daws muaj xws li ib tug qauv. No peb lub aav yog cov cwj pwm ntawm cov qib sib txawv thiab qhov loj.

Keeb kwm ntawm lub zeem cia ua lag luam ntawm Russia

Yuav luag tag nrho cov reserves ntawm Russia, cov npe uas koj yuav ntsib nyob rau hauv no tsab xov xwm, ib txoj kev los yog lwm, muaj keeb kwm ntev ntawm lawv cov keeb kwm.

Thawj thawj thaj tsam ntawm Russia tau tsim rov qab rau xyoo 1917. Nov yog Barguzinsky Reserve hauv Buryatia. Tom qab ntawd, daim ntawv teev cov chaw tiv thaiv ntawm lub teb chaws tsuas yog rov ua dua. Xws li loj reserves ntawm Russia raws li Astrakhan, Caucasian thiab Ilmen kuj tseem raug xa mus rau raws li cov hlob. Txhua tus sawv ntawm 1920s. Tab sis tus yau yuav suav hais tias cia "Utrish", uas yog founded hauv 2010. Tsis tas li ntawd, nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm kom txog rau thaum 2020, nws yog npaj los tsim 11 territories tshiab tiv thaiv nyob rau hauv Russia.

Reserves ntawm Russia: ib daim ntawv teev npe ntawm steppe

Raws li cov ntaub ntawv rau xyoo 2014, nws muaj 103 qhov kev tshwj xeeb hauv Lavxias teb sab Federation. Lawv tag nrho thaj tsam li ntawm 340,000 square km. Qhov no yog ib thaj chaw loj loj, uas tuaj yeem raug muab piv rau thaj tsam ntawm xws li European lub xeev xws li Finland.

Ntawm tus xov tooj no, 11 reserves tuaj yeem raug ntaus nqi mus rau theem tshiab. Cia peb sau cov reserves ntawm Russia. Daim ntawv teev npe nram no:

• Astrakhan,
• "Belogorie",
• Voroninsky,
• Voronezh,
• Daursky,
• East-Ural,
• "Galichya Gora", los ntawm
• Orenburg,
• Rostov,
• "Privolzhskaya hav zoov-steppe",
• "Dub Lands."

Tag nrho cov reserves ntawm Russia, uas nws cov npe raug teev tseg, raug xa mus rau Ministry of Natural Resources thiab Ecology. Ob ntawm lawv - Sab qaum teb Urals thiab "Maiden Mountains" - yog cov ua haujlwm rau lwm lub tuam tsev.

Cov phenomenon ntawm Lavxias teb sab steppe

Lavxias teb sab steppe yog ib lub cim tshwj xeeb thiab txawv txawv. Steppe reserves ntawm Russia, nrog lawv cov field grasses thiab tangled silvery feather nyom, resemble ib tug nees mane.

Nws yog qhov nthuav qhia tias lub tswv yim ntawm kev tsim cov chaw tiv thaiv no tau pib nyob rau hauv lub steppe. Nej cov av kws tshawb fawb thiab agronomist Vasily Dokoutchaev tau hais txog qhov no xav tau ib puas xyoo dhau los. Txawm li cas los, nyob rau hauv Russia muaj tsis muaj tseg nyob rau hauv lub steppe feem kom txog thaum lub 90s. Thawj thawj steppe cia yog Orenburg, uas tau tsim los ntawm teg num Alexander Alexander Chibilev hauv 1989.

Steppe xwm cia "Orenburg"

Pib thaum lub Tsib Hlis Ntuj 1989, hnub no nws siv thaj tsam ntawm ntau tshaj 21 txhiab hectares.

Steppe Reserve "Orenburg" muaj 4 qhov chaw sib cais:

• Talovsky steppe,
• Burtyn steppe,
• Aituary steppe,
• Ashchisay steppe (lub ntsiab lus loj tshaj plaws ntawm 7200 hectares).

Nyob rau hauv qhov chaw no koj tuaj yeem pom tsis tau tsuas yog cov menyuam tsis paub qab. Tseem muaj ntau yam archaeological monuments VII-III xyoo pua BC. Cov no yog thaj tsam ntawm Sarmatian haiv neeg.

Cov kev nyab xeeb ntawm qhov chaw uas zoo yog qhuav, av qaum teb. Qhov nruab nrab ntawm huab cua txhua xyoo yog 2.5 degree Celsius, thiab nruab nrab cov dej nag nruab nrab yog negligible - ntawm 250 txog 350 hli. Los ntawm cov pov thawj ntawm kev ya raws, qhov chaw uas zoo li no yuav ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam mus rau ib qhov chaw qes dej.

Lub ntiaj teb ntawm cov nroj tsuag ntawm cov pov tseg yog ntau yam: muaj 14 hom kabmob, 150 hom lichens, 8 hom mosses thiab 1350 hom mob hlav ntsha. Tsis muaj tsawg tus nplua nuj yog tsiaj lub ntiaj teb ntawm qhov chaw no: 48 hom tsiaj, 193 hom noog, 6 hom ntses, 526 hom kab thiab 184 hom kab laug sab. Lub teb chaws yog nyob ntawm cov nyom-steppes, stony steppes raug tsim rau ntawm qhov chaw siab tshaj, thiab suab thaj thiab cov zej zog nyob rau hauv cov av nkos.

Nyob rau hauv lub reserv loj hlob txog ob teb cog nroj teev nyob rau hauv Phau Ntawv Liab ntawm Russia. Muaj ntau cov tsiaj nyeg ntawm Lavxias tus "Orenburg" kuj yog cov phau ntawv Red. Ntawm lawv, ib tug steppe bumblebee, avdotka noog, balaban, golden Eagle, steppe Eagle, bustard thiab stilt, thiab kuj yog ib tug dog dig zoo tib yam.

"Belogorie"

Steppe reserves ntawm Russia - qhov no yog qhov tseeb cov khoom muaj nqis ntawm peb lub teb chaws. Ib qho ntawm lawv yog qhov tshwj tseg cia "Belogorye" nyob rau hauv cheeb tsam Belgorod, uas hnub tim rov qab rau 1924. Tom qab ntawd nws raug hu ua "Forest in Vorskla", thiab nyob rau hauv 1999 nws tau raug rov tsim dua tshiab rau hauv thaj chaw tshiab uas muaj kev tiv thaiv nyob rau hauv lub npe niaj hnub no.

Qhov chaw tiv thaiv no yog lub koom haum kev tshawb fawb thiab kev kawm ntawm tsoom fwv teb chaws qhov tseem ceeb. Nws lub hom phiaj yog txoj kev txuag thiab kev tshawb fawb txog kev xeeb txawm thiab qhov tshwm sim hauv hav zoov-steppe, thiab kev txuag ntawm qee cov tsiaj thiab cov zej zog ntawm cov tsiaj qus, fauna thiab cim xeeb nyob rau sab qab teb ntawm Central Russia Upland.

Lub chaw ntawm cov natural reserve "Belogorye" muaj tsib qhov chaw, uas muaj nyob hauv peb cheeb tsam ntawm cheeb tsam. Cov no yog cov zajlus:

• Hav zoov nyob rau Vorskla,
• Phab ntsa ntawm Plateau,
• Cov Tsob Nroj Tseg,
• Yamskaya steppe,
• Ostravaevy Yar.

Tag nrho cheeb tsam ntawm "Belogorie" yog 2131 hectares.

Tsis pub dhau lub zeem cia, cov kws tshawb fawb suav 149 txawv hom noog, li ntawm 370 hom kab mob qog. Fauna yog sawv cev los ntawm 50 hom tsiaj, 15 hom ntses, 6 yam tsiaj reptiles thiab 9 hom amphibians.

Zapovednik "Voroninsky"

Loj reserves ntawm teb chaws Russia nyiam coob tus tourists thiab naturalists. Ib qho xws li yog Voroninsky Reserve, nyob hauv hav zoov-steppe cheeb tsam ntawm cheeb tsam Tambov. Nws yog tsim los ntawm 1994 los tiv thaiv cov hav zoov-steppe systems ntawm Central Russia. Tag nrho cheeb tsam ntawm qhov chaw muaj ntau tshaj li ntawm 10,000 hectares, thaum nyob hauv lub zog muaj txog 40 kilometres ntawm Vorona River hav.

Tus qauv ntawm Voronin Reserve yog sawv cev los ntawm ob pawg ua ke - Inzhavinsky thiab Kirsanovsky hav zoov, nrog rau ntau tshaj kaum kev.

Lub tswv yim ntawm kev tsim muaj ib qho chaw tiv thaiv ntawm lub vev xaib no tau koom nrog VP. Semenov-Tyan-Shansky, ib tug kws paub zoo tias yog neeg Lavxias teb sab. Thaum xyoo pua nees nkaum xyoo, nws npaj siab los npaj rau ntawm no lub npe hu ua "urnem park" (urema - qhov no yog qhov tshwj xeeb ntawm qhov dej nyab). Nws yog txoj kev tshawb fawb thiab kev kho kom rov qab ntawm cov kob hav zoov uas yog lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm kev tswj tam sim no.

Txawm li cas los xij, txoj hauj lwm tiag tiag ntawm txoj kev loj hlob ntawm lub peev xwm pib tsuas yog thaum pib ntawm 80-xyoo ntawm lub xyoo pua nees nkaum. Yawm tshab rau lub koom haum ntawm Voroninsky Reserve tau tsim los ntawm cov kws tshwj xeeb ntawm lub regional museum ntawm zos lore thiab Tambov Pedagogical lub koom haum.

Txog hnub tim, lub zog tau tsim peb txoj kev ncig teb chaws: "Inzhavino-Barskaya Gora", "Reserve Lakes" thiab "Zapovednye txoj kab."

Ib qho ntawm cov qhov muag pom ntawm Voronin Reserve yog li no hu ua Lysaya Gora - tsis muaj dab tsi ntau tshaj li ib tug spur ntawm lub Volga Upland. Lub roob muaj ib qhov txheeb ze ntawm 50 meters. Thiab txawm tias hnub no lub roob tau them nrog cov neeg cog qoob loo cog qoob loo, ua ntej nws yog "tiag tiag", yog vim li cas lub npe tau khaws cia. Los ntawm txoj kev, lub roob no yog lub cim ntawm lub zos ntawm Inzhavino.

Lwm attraction ntawm lub zeem cia yog ib qho tshwj xeeb ntawm cov ntoo hauv cheeb tsam ze Semenovka. Nws muaj hnub nyoog dua 150 xyoo. Txawm li cas los, tsis tsuas yog qhov no yog paub beow grove, vim hais tias nws ib zaug kos duab rau ib tug nrov artist Mstislav Dobuzhinsky. Thiab tam sim no cov duab yog khaws cia nyob rau hauv lub tsev cia puav pheej ntawm London. Rau peb txoj kev npau taws, tsuas yog ib qho me me ntawm no lub qhov cub hauv ntiaj teb no tau muaj hnub nyoog - ntau cov ntoo raug rhuav tshem thaum tsov rog, thiab kuj yog kev ua phem rau hauv 90s.

"Rostov"

Lub steppe reserves ntawm Russia yog amazing thiab fascinating nrog lawv cov kev zoo nkauj! Nyob rau xyoo 1995, Rostov cov chaw ua haujlwm raug tsim Rostov tseg, tabsis qhov ua rau nws lub koom haum tau rov qab los nyob rau xyoo 1960. Lub tswv yim los tsim ib steppe tseg no tau qhia los ntawm tus kws tshawb fawb Vasily Dokuchaev, uas tau siv ntau lub sij hawm thiab kev rau siab nyob rau hauv kev tshawb fawb hauv zos steppe ua hauj lwm.

Rostov Reserve muaj kev cai lij choj tsoomfwv thiab nws cov thawj coj. Nws muaj xws li plaub cais chaw, tag nrho thaj chaw uas muaj ntau dua 9,000 hectares.

Nyob rau hauv lub zeem cia, cov kws tshawb fawb tau suav 410 hom kab mob qog - feem ntau cov cereal, legumes, Compositae thiab cloves. Ntawm no koj tuaj yeem pom 4 hom peas, ntau hom tsiaj nyeg, camel thorn. Loj hlob nyob rau hauv lub zeem cia thiab hom uas muaj npe nyob rau hauv Phau Ntawv Loj: ib tulip Schrenk, pygmy tangent, tis nyom thiab lwm hom.

"Dub Lands"

Qhov ntau reserves ntawm Russia yog qhaus los ntawm lawv cov untouched lands thiab zoo nkauj ua hauj lwm. Ib qho ntawm ntau tshaj plaws nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws yog biosphere cia nrog lub txawv txawv lub npe "Dub Lands", qhov chaw uas yog Kalmyk steppe cheeb tsam tshwj xeeb tshaj yog khaws cai.

Lub zeem cia tau tsim nyob rau lub Rau Hli Ntuj xyoo 1990. Cov hauj lwm tseem ceeb yog qhov kev txuag ntawm steppe thiab cov chaw ua si ib nrab hnub, nrog rau kev tiv thaiv ntawm cov neeg pej xeem. Tag nrho cheeb tsam ntawm kev tiv thaiv cheeb tsam yog ntau tshaj 120 txhiab hectares. Nws yog qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws uas nyob rau hauv 1993 "Dub Lands" tau txais qhov xwm txheej ntawm UNESCO Biosphere Reserve.

Lub vaj ntawm lub zeem cia yog sawv cev ntawm ob qho tib si steppe thiab suab puam ntawm cov nroj tsuag. Yog li, on sandy massifs ib tug tau ntsib ib tug camel thorn, ib tug staminate, Sandy wormwood. Nyob rau hauv ib koog ntawm Lake Manich-Gudilo muaj cov steppes nrog tis nyom Lessing. Loj hlob ntawm no thiab tsis tshua muaj nroj tsuag tsiaj: cornflower Taliev thiab tulip Shrenka.

Lub fauna no kuj yog sawv cev ntawm steppe thiab ib nrab ntawm cov av suab puam. Ntawm no yog pom lub saiga, eared hedgehog, me me gopher, jerboa. Tshwm sim nyob rau hauv "Dub Lands" hnav khaub ncaws thiab lub teeb polecat. Tsis ntev los no, cov pej xeem ntawm hma nyob rau hauv lub tseg tau nce.

Lub ib ncig ntawm lub zeem zes ib tug loj tus naj npawb ntawm waterfowl. Qhov no hais tsis tau lus os dej dawb, gus, Dalmatian noog muab tus ntses, tsiaj qus os, gray os, pochard thiab lwm tus neeg. Kev tiv thaiv ntawm no thiab raug steppe hom ntawm cov noog: bustard, Lark, me ntsis bustard, steppe dav dawb hau thiab buzzard.

"Privolzhskaya hav zoov-steppe"

"Privolzhskaya hav zoov-steppe" yog thaj yeeb hauv cheeb tsam Penza, uas muaj 5 cais chaw:

• Pereperchenskaya steppe,
• Ostrovtsovskaya steppe,
• Kucherovskaya steppe,
• Pine hav zoov nyob rau Kadade,
• Verkhnesursky hav zoov hav zoov.

Nws nyob rau hauv hav zoov-steppe cheeb tsam ntawm cheeb tsam nruab nrab Volga. Lub zeem cia tau tsim nyob rau hauv 1989 los tiv thaiv lub qaum teb steppes thiab woodlands. Hnub no nws occupies thaj chaw ntawm 8,326 hectares. "Privolzhskaya steppe" tsis yog ib cheeb tsam ib puag ncig xwb. Lub zeem cia kuj ua tau ntse ua rau kev tshawb, kev tshawb nrhiav, kev kawm thiab kev ua si ua si. Txawm li ntawd los, txoj hauj lwm tseem ceeb ntawm "Volga steppe" yog los tiv thaiv cov paj thiab fauna, nrog rau lawv cov neeg sawv cev thiab tag nrho cov ecosystems.

Nyob rau hauv lub "Volga steppe" rau hnub tim, muaj txog 860 hom kab mob hlav vascular (qhov no, los ntawm txoj kev, 55% ntawm tag nrho cov tsiaj kab txawv ntawm lub ntiaj teb cog ntawm Penza thaj tsam). Ntawm no, li ntawm 70 tsiaj xav tau tshwj xeeb kev tiv thaiv, thiab cuaj hom yog txawm muaj nyob hauv Phau Ntawv Loj ntawm Lavxias teb sab Federation. Qhov no plaub hom Stipa (plaub nyom, zoo nkauj, opushennolistny thiab plaub Zaleski), Fritillaria Lavxias teb sab, iris leafless, Cephalanthera rubra, epipogium leafless thiab neottianta cucullata. 58 hom tsiaj ntawm cov nroj tsuag tseg kuj muaj nyob hauv cheeb tsam Red Book.

Ib qho tshwj xeeb ntawm lub zeem cia yog Pine hav zoov nyob rau Kadade, los yog hu ua "Borok", nyob ze ntawm lub zos Shatkino. Zajlus cheeb tsam ntawm ntoo thuv hav zoov nyob rau hauv lub tsev nyiaj ntawm River Kadadah - yuav luag 400 hectares. Boron yog ib tug complex ntawm cov ntoo thuv plantations, raws li oak forests. Feem ntau ntawm cov cheeb tsam ntawm qhov khoom yog nyob ntawm alders thiab marshes.

Tsab ntawv xov xwm no piav qhia txog cov npe tshwj xeeb tshaj plaws nyob rau Russia. Cov duab ntawm cov chaw zoo nkauj ntawm peb lub teb chaws kuj tuaj yeem pom ntawm no. Hauv peb lub teb chaws, ntau tshaj li ib puas npaug ntawm thaj chaw uas tau raug tsim, lub hom phiaj ntawm txoj kev yog los tiv thaiv peb qhov chaw ib puag ncig, tiv thaiv tej yam ntuj tso, rov qab thiab khaws qee hom tsiaj thiab nroj tsuag. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, lub tiv thaiv cheeb tsam kuj ua ib qho kev kawm thiab kev kawm ntawv, instilling nyob rau hauv cov neeg ntawm Russia ib tug hlub rau lawv cov xwm. Feem ntau ntawm cov reserves kuj muaj ib qho kev ua si loj loj thiab neeg tuaj ncig tebchaws uasi, thiab qee tus neeg txawm sim siv nws, tsim tshwjxeeb cov kev mus ncig xyuas tebchaws thiab txoj hauv kev taug.