Matrix - yog dab tsi? hom ntawm matrices

Niaj hnub no nws yog yuav luag tsis yooj yim sua mus nrhiav ib tug neeg uas yuav tseem nyiam ib tug CRT saib los yog ib tug laus CRT TVs. Cov txheej txheem no sai sai thiab ntse ousted lub LCD qauv, uas yog raws li nyob rau hauv cov kua muaju. Tab sis tsis muaj tsis tseem ceeb matrix. Yuav ua li cas yog cov kua muaju thiab cov matrix? Tag nrho cov no koj yuav kawm tau los ntawm qhov tsab xov xwm.

prehistory

Rau cov thawj lub sij hawm nyob rau hauv cov kua muaju, lub ntiaj teb no kawm nyob rau hauv 1888, thaum tus naas ej botanist Friedrich Raynittser sab lub hav zoov ntawm coj txawv txawv tshuaj nyob rau hauv cov nroj tsuag. Nws xav tsis thoob tias ib txhia tshuaj, chiv muaj ib tug crystalline qauv thaum rhuab kiag li hloov lawv lub zog.

Yog li, lub yeeb tshuaj yog thawj mutnelo ntawm ib tug kub ntawm 178 degrees Celsius, thiab ces kiag li hloov dua siab tshiab rau kua. Tab sis lub foundations tsis xaus muaj. Nws pom hais tias coj txawv txawv kua nyob rau hauv electromagnetic piv manifests nws tus kheej raws li ib tug siv lead ua. Nws yog ces hais tias lub sij hawm 'kua siv lead ua'.

Cov kev khiav hauj lwm hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm ib tug LCD matrix

Nyob rau hauv no ua hauj lwm thiab raws li matrix. Yuav ua li cas yog lub Matrix? Qhov no multi-muaj nuj nqis lub sij hawm. Ib qho ntawm nws qhov tseem ceeb - phau vaj huam sib luag, LCD saib los yog kev tshuaj ntsuam ntawm cov niaj hnub TV. Tam sim no peb paub, nyob rau hauv uas lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm lawv cov chaw ua hauj lwm.

Thiab nws yog raws li nyob rau hauv ib tug pa teeb polarization. Yog hais tias koj nco ntsoov high-tsev kawm ntawv physics, nws cia li qhia hais tias ib co tshuaj uas muaj peev xwm ntawm kis lub teeb tsuas yog ib spectrum. Uas yog vim li cas ob tug polarizers 90 degrees feem ntau yuav tsis kis teeb. Nyob rau hauv cov kev tshwm sim hais tias yog nyob nruab nrab ntawm ib co ntaus ntawv uas yuav tig lub teeb, peb yuav tau kho cov brightness thiab lwm yam tsis. Nyob rau hauv Feem ntau, qhov no yog ib tug yooj yim matrix.

Yooj yim zog ntaus ntawv matrices

Pa LCD yuav yeej ib txwm muaj ob peb tas mus li seem:

• backlight.
• Reflectors uas muab uniformity ntawm illumination hais saum toj no.
• Polarizers.
• Lub substrate ua los ntawm lub khob, mus rau uas cov conductive hu.
• Ib tug ntau ntawm cov kua siv lead ua hais tsis zoo.
• Lwm polarizer thiab lub substrate.

Txhua pixel ntawm xws li ib tug matrix yog tsim los ntawm liab, ntsuab thiab xiav pixels, ua ke nrog cov uas ua ib yam ntawm cov muaj xim. Yog hais tias koj tig rau tag nrho cov ntawm ib zaug, qhov tshwm sim yog dawb. Los ntawm txoj kev, dab tsi yog qhov kev daws teeb meem ntawm lub matrix? Qhov no muaj pes tsawg tus ntawm pixels nyob rau ntawd (1280x1024, piv txwv li).

Yuav ua li cas yog cov matrix?

Nyob rau hauv ib tug yooj yim zog daim ntawv, lawv yog passive (yooj yim) thiab kom nquag plias. Passive - lub feem ntau yooj yim nyob rau hauv lawv cov pixels tshuab txais nyob rau hauv ib theem zuj zus, los ntawm kab los kab. Raws li, nyob rau hauv cov me nyuam mus nrhiav kom tau zus tau tej cov qhia nrog loj kab pheeb ces kaum nws qhia hais tias muaj disproportionate nce qhov ntev ntawm lub conductors. Raws li ib tug tshwm sim, tsis tsuas ho tsub kom tus nqi, tab sis kuj ua voltage, ua rau ntse nce nyob rau hauv cuam. Ib tug passive matrix yog li ntawd tej zaum yuav siv tau tsuas yog nyob rau hauv qhuav ntawm pheej yig qhia nrog ib tug me me kab pheeb ces kaum.

Active hom saib, TFT, tso cai rau koj los tswj txhua (!) Ntawm lab ntawm pixels ib lub zuj zus. Qhov tseeb hais tias txhua pixel ua hauj lwm ib daim transistor. Cell rau prematurely poob xwb, uas tau ntxiv ib daim condenser. Ntawm cov hoob kawm, nyob rau cov nuj nqis ntawm xws li ib tug tswvyim tsis tau tejyam pheej mus txo lub teb lub sij hawm ntawm txhua pixel.

lej ua neeg ncajncees

Nyob rau hauv kev kawm txog zauv, ib tug matrix yog ib tug kwv kaw nyob rau hauv ib lub rooj uas nws nkag yog nyob rau ntawm cov kev tshuam ntawm lub kab thiab txhua. Nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg tias matrices nyob rau hauv kev yog lug siv nyob rau hauv computers. Cov tib zaub yuav tsum tau txhais raws li ib tug matrix. Txij li thaum txhua pixel muaj tej yam coordinates. Yog li tej duab uas yog tsim nyob rau ib lub laptop zaub, ib tug matrix nyob rau hauv uas lub hlwb yog muaj xim ntawm txhua pixel.

Txhua tus nqi yuav siv sij hawm li raws nraim 1 byte ntawm lub cim xeeb. Ib me ntsis me ntsis? Alas, tab sis txawm nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, tsuas yog ib tug ncej FullHD (1920 × 1080) yuav nyob ib khub MB. Thiab ntau npaum li cas qhov chaw koj yuav tsum tau rau cov zaj duab xis mus rau 90 feeb? Uas yog vim li cas cov duab compressed. Lossis loj tseem ceeb yog determinant.

Los ntawm txoj kev, yog dab tsi lub determinant ntawm tus matrix? Qhov no polynomial combining ntsiab ntawm ib tug square matrix xws li hais tias nws tus nqi yog muab cia rau hauv lub transposition thiab linear ob peb ua ke ntawm kab los yog txhua. Nyob rau hauv lub matrix nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no nws yog to taub cov zauv qhia txog cov kev kho ntawm pixels nyob rau hauv uas lawv xim coded. Square nws yog hu ua vim hais tias cov xov tooj ntawm kab thiab kab nyob rau hauv nws sib npaug.

Yog vim li cas thiaj yog li no thiaj tseem ceeb? Lub fact tias cov coding siv Haar txia. Nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb, Haar transformation - nws yog lub lem ntsiab lus yog li ntawd lawv yuav ua tau conveniently thiab compactly encode. Cov no muaj orthogonal matrix, rau cov uas qhov cim lub sij hawm yog siv raws li lub determinant.

Tam sim no peb saib lub ntsiab hom matrix (uas yog lub matrix nws tus kheej, peb tau pom).

TN + zaj duab xis

Ib qho ntawm feem ntau pheej yig thiab tam sim no qhia cov qauv. Nws muaj ib tug kuj ceev ceev teb lub sij hawm, tab sis, theej cov neeg pluag xim tu tub tu kiv. Qhov teeb meem yog hais tias lub muaju nyob rau hauv lub matrix cov txheej txheem kom cov saib cov ces kaum yog tau negligible. Yuav kom tshwj kom txhob no tshwm sim, peb tsim ib tug tshwj xeeb zaj duab xis uas tso cai rau koj mus nthuav lub xov tooj ntawm saib cov ces kaum.

Lub muaju nyob rau hauv lub matrix cov txheej txheem ntawm nyob rau hauv ib kem, li no lawv cov tub rog nyob rau hauv parade. Lub muaju yog cov mus rau hauv ib tug kauv, yog li txig lo nruj nreem rau txhua lwm yam. Cov khaubncaws sab nraud povtseg yog zoo nyob ib sab mus rau lub substrate, rau ntawm qhov chaw ntawm lub yav tas ua ib tug tshwj xeeb si nraum zoov.

Txhua siv lead ua yog coj electrode regulating tus voltage thoob plaws nws. Yog hais tias muaj yog tsis muaj voltage, cov muaju yog rotated los ntawm 90 degrees, uas lub teeb kis tau dawb do los ntawm lawv. Nws puv ib tug dog dig dawb pixel matrix. Yuav ua li cas yog liab los yog ntsuab? Thaum nws puv tawm?

Thaum energized, compressed helix, lub compression piv nyob rau hauv lub tam sim no lub dag lub zog. Yog hais tias lub nqi siab tshaj plaws, lub muaju feem ntau ntaug kis lub teeb, uas ua nyob rau hauv ib tug dub keeb kwm yav dhau. Yog xav tau ib tug grey xim nqaij daim tawv thiab qhov ntxoov, qhov chaw ntawm lub muaju nyob rau hauv lub kauv yog tom li ntawd ib qhov nqi ntawm lub teeb lawv dhau lawm.

Los ntawm txoj kev, lub neej ntawd nyob rau hauv cov matrices yog yeej ib txwm txais tag nrho cov xim, uas ua nyob rau hauv ib tug dawb pixel. Uas yog vim li cas nws yog li ntawd ib qho yooj yim los txheeb xyuas cov hlawv pixel uas ib txwm manifests nws tus kheej nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov kaj ntsiab lus ntawm cov saib. Muab hais tias ib tug xim tu tub tu kiv ntawm lub matrices ntawm no hom yog ib txwm ib qho teeb meem, nws yog heev yooj yim mus cuag thiab tso saib dub.

Yuav kom xyov puas muaj tseeb txoj hauj lwm, engineers muaju positioned nyob rau ntawm ib kaum sab xis ntawm 210 °, uas cov xim zoo thiab cov lus teb lub sij hawm ntau zog. Tab sis nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, tsis tau tsis muaj hauv ob sab phlu: nyob rau hauv sib piv rau lub classical TN-matrices tau ib qho teeb meem nrog ntxoov dawb, cov xim ntxuav tawm. Yog li ntawd ib tug DSTN technology. Nws essence yog tias cov zaub yog muab faib ua ob halves, txhua tus uas yog tshuaj nyias. Zaub zoo tau zoo heev, tiam sis muaj zog hnyav thiab tus nqi ntawm cov saib.

Hais tias yog dab tsi lub matrix yog nyob rau hauv lub laptop TN + zaj duab xis hom.

S-IPS

Tuam txhab Hitachi, zoo hnav tawm lub shortcomings ntawm yav tas los technology, txiav txim siab tsis mus sim los txhim kho nws, tab sis tsuas yog mus txua ib yam dab tsi radically tshiab. Tshwj xeeb tshaj yog hais tias Gunther Baur nyob rau hauv 1971 pom tau tias cov muaju yuav muab tso tsis nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov kab, thiab pw thaum uas tig mus rau txhua lwm yam nyob rau ib lub iav substrate. Ntawm cov hoob kawm, nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, mus rau lub kis electrodes uas txuas.

Yog hais tias tus thawj polarizing lim, muaj yog tsis muaj voltage, lub teeb kis tau dawb do los ntawm nws, tab sis qeeb los ntawm tus thib ob substrate, lub polarization dav hlau uas ib txwm ncua nyob rau ntawm ib lub ntawm 90 degrees nyob rau hauv kev sib raug zoo mus rau tus thawj. Raws li ib tug tshwm sim, tsis tsuas dramatically tsub kom cov kev ceev ntawm lub lag luam ntawm tus saib, tab sis dub - yeej dub, thiab tsis yog ib tug variation ntawm ib tug maub grey xim nqaij daim tawv. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, cov poj kom zoo dua yog qhov ncauj lus kom ntxaws ces kaum ntawm view.

technology shortcomings

Alas, nyob rau hauv lem muaju uas yog txheej txheem thaum uas tig mus rau txhua lwm yam, nws yuav siv sij hawm ntau npaum li cas lub sij hawm. Thiab yog li ntawd lub teb lub sij hawm nyob rau hauv lub qub qauv achieves ib tug tiag tiag cyclopean qhov tseem ceeb 35-25 ms! Tej zaum nws yuav pom txawm los ntawm txoj kev uas tus cursor, cia nyob ib leeg lub dynamic scenes nyob rau hauv cov khoom ua si thiab tsos rau cov neeg siv yog zoo dua mus tsis nco qab.

Txij li thaum lub electrodes pov tseg nyob rau hauv tib substrate, nws yuav tsum tau ntau npaum li cas hwj chim tig lub muaju nyob rau hauv ib yam kev taw qhia. Thiab vim hais tias tag nrho cov saib rau lub hauv paus ntawm IPS-matrix tsis tshua tau Zog Star lub hnub qub rau efficiency. Ntawm cov hoob kawm, rau taws rau substrate yog tseem yuav tsum tau siv ntau haib teeb, thiab nws tsis zoo qhov teeb meem no nrog ib tug muaj hwj huam noj.

Workability siv thiab ua cov xws matrices yog high school, thiab yog li ntawd, kom txog thaum tsis ntev los no lawv tau zoo heev, kim heev. Nyob rau hauv luv luv, nrog tag nrho cov zoo thiab tsis zoo ntawm cov xws saib yog zoo tagnrho rau cov designers: cov xim zoo lawv muaj zoo heev thiab cov lus teb lub sij hawm nyob rau hauv tej rooj plaub, koj muaj peev xwm pub.

Hais tias yog dab tsi lub IPS-matrix.

MVA / PVA

Txij li thaum ob leeg ntawm lub saum toj no hom ntawm matrices muaj drawbacks uas tshem tawm zoo tsis yooj yim sua nyob rau hauv lub tshiab Fujitsu Technology yog tsim. Nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb, MVA / PVA yog ib tug version hloov ntawm lub IPS. Lub ntsiab sib txawv - lub electrodes. Lawv nyob rau lub thib ob substrate nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov thawj cov vajvoos peb sab. Cov tshuaj no yuav ua rau nws yooj yim dua mus rau teb mus rau lub muaju hloov nyob rau hauv voltage, thiab cov xim rendering yuav zoo npaum li cas.

Cov koob yees duab

Thiab dab tsi yog qhov matrix nyob rau hauv lub koob yees duab? Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, ces nws hu ua siv lead ua neeg xyuas pib uas tseem paub raws li ib tug xwb ua ke ntaus ntawv (CCD). Tshaj lub koob yees duab matrix ntau hlwb, lub zoo dua nws yog. Thaum lub shutter opens, kis los ntawm tus matrix khiav ntawm electrons: ntxiv rau cov muaj zog tam sim no sawv. Raws li, nyob rau hauv qhov tsaus ntuj nti qhov chaw ntawm lub tam sim no yog tsim. Av matrix rhiab rau tej xim, thiab raws li ib tug tshwm sim tsim ib tug tag nrho cov duab.

Los ntawm txoj kev, dab tsi yog qhov loj ntawm lub matrix, yog hais tias peb tham txog computers los yog laptops? Nws yog yooj yim - qhov thiaj li hu ua kab pheeb ces kaum screen.