Basic lus txhais tau tias nyob rau hauv lub Lavxias teb sab lus. Lus txhais tau tias: cov ntsiab lus thiab kev siv ntawm

Lavxias teb sab lus - ib qho ntawm feem nplua nuj, zoo nkauj thiab complex. Tsis kawg ces nws ua rau cov hav zoov ntawm ib tug loj tus naj npawb ntawm cov lus txhais tau tias kev qhia.

Nyob rau hauv no tsab xov xwm, peb yuav kawm txog dab tsi hauv cov lus txhais tau tias thiab dab tsi hom nws yog. Xav txog cov piv txwv ntawm kev siv cov ntaub ntawv thiab txhua hnub hais lus.

Lus txhais tau tias nyob rau hauv lub Lavxias teb sab lus - yog dab tsi?

Lus txhais tau tias ntawm kev qhia siv nyob rau hauv lub Lavxias teb sab lus los mus ua kom cov ntawv nyeem ib tug tshwj xeeb lub ntsiab lus, kev zoo nkauj thiab tob. Lawv pab qhia tus neeg sau txoj kev xav rau cov kev kawm sib cav tswv yim, mus ua kom lwm tus feem ntau qhia yam ntxwv ntawm ib yam khoom, kev tshwm sim los yog tshwm sim.

Lavxias teb sab paj huam thiab cov ntawv nyeem tsis tau xav txog tej yam, yog hais tias peb cais kev siv ntawm cov lus pab. Kev siv cov lus, ua rau cov phau ntawv qhia, tsis tsuas kho nws, tiam sis kuj qhia cov theem ntawm kev txawj ntawm cov txawj sau ntawv, nws hais lus kab lis kev cai, style.

Hauj lwm ntawm lub txhua hnub khoom yuav ua tau zoo nkauj thiab txawv txawv, siv ib hom lus ntawm cov kos duab txhais tau tias.

Lo lus thiab kab zauv uas muab qhia ntawv nyeem yog conventionally muab faib ua peb pawg: phonetic, lexical (lawv trail) thiab stylistic nuj nqis.

Yuav kom teb tau lo lus nug, yog dab tsi hom lus txhais tau tias, tau ntsib nrog lawv los ze zog.

Lexical txhais tau tias ntawm kev qhia

Ke - lus txhais tau tias nyob rau hauv lub Lavxias teb sab lus, uas yog siv los ntawm tus sau nyob rau hauv ib tug figurative, allegorical lub ntsiab lus. Lug siv nyob rau hauv tej hauj lwm ntawm cov kos duab.

Ke yog siv los tsim nrig txog kev pom, hnov, olfactory dluab. Pab los ua ib tug tej yam ntuj kaaj quas lug, yuav ua rau tus nyeem ntawv lub Desired nyhuv.

Lub hauv paus ntawm lexical txhais tau tias ntawm qhia yog implicit los yog qhia tau meej heev kev sib piv. Nws yuav tsum yog raws li nyob rau hauv lub resemblance, kev koom haum ua teb ntawm tus neeg sau los yog lub siab xav mus piav qhia txog ib tug kwv nyob rau hauv ib txoj kev.

Main lus txhais tau tias: ke

Nyob rau paths peb ntsib tseem nyob rau ntawm lub tsev kawm ntawv. Nco qab feem ntau sawv daws yuav:

1. Epithet - nto moo tshaj plaws thiab ntau txoj. Feem ntau pom nyob rau hauv cov paj huam. Epithet - yog ib tug muaj yeeb yuj, kev paub qhia lo txhais, uas yog raws li nyob rau hauv ib tug thaum sib piv. Nws txhawj xeeb tshwj xeeb piav kwv, nws feem ntau qhia nta. Piv txwv: "rosy kaj ntug", "sib cim", "golden ob txhais tes", "nyiaj lub suab".
2. Piv - ib lo lus los yog kab lus, uas yog raws li nyob rau hauv ib tug sib piv ntawm ib yam kev kawm mus rau lwm lub. Nws yog tsim feem ntau nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov comparative turnover. Kawm tau los ntawm kev siv ntawm cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov txheej txheem no cov tsev koom nyiaj: yog hais tias, raws li tab sis yog, zoo li yuav ua li cas raws nraim hais tias. Xav txog tej piv txwv: "ib tug pob tshab, raws li lub lwg", "dawb tau li daus", "ncaj zoo li ib tug kav tauj."
3. Ua piv txwv qhia - ib tug txhais tau tias ntawm kev qhia, uas yog raws li nyob rau hauv ib tug thaum sib piv. Tab sis, tsis zoo li cov comparative turnover, nws tsis yog muaj kev koom haum. Ua piv txwv qhia yog ua tau cia siab rau tus zoo sib thooj ntawm ob has lug hab khoom. Piv txwv li: "dos pawg ntseeg", "ntxhi nyom", "ntuj kua muag."
4. Txhais - lus zoo xws li cov nyob rau hauv lub ntsiab lus tab sis differing nyob rau hauv kev sau ntawv. Dhau li classical txhais, muaj contextual. Lawv noj ib tug tej yam muaj nuj nqis nyob rau hauv ib cov kev nyeem. Peb saib cov piv txwv: "dhia - dhia", "saib - saib".
5. Txhais ntxeev - lo lus uas muaj cov lus rov mus rau txhua lwm yam nqi. Raws li zoo raws li txhais, muaj contextual. Piv txwv li: "dawb - dub", "lub suab nrov nrov - ntxhi", "kev thaj yeeb ntawm lub siab - excitement."
6. Impersonation - kis tau tus mob tswg khoom muab, yam ntxwv animate. Piv txwv li: "willow twigs tuav," "hnub luag luj lug", "los nag pounded rau lub ru tsev", "twittered lub chav ua noj lub xov tooj cua."

Puas muaj lwm yam paths?

Lexical txhais tau tias ntawm qhia nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab lus heev npaum li cas. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd mus rau lub pab pawg neeg paub txhua leej txhua tus, thiab muaj cov neeg uas tsis paub ntau, tab sis kuj tau lug siv:

1. Metonymy - lub muab los ntawm ib lo lus rau lwm nrog zoo sib xws los tib yam nqi. Peb saib cov piv txwv: "Hav, xiav tsho (rov hais dua rau tus txiv neej nyob rau hauv cov kob xiav tsho)," "qhov tag nrho cov chav kawm ntawv txwv (lub ntsiab lus tag nrho cov menyuam kawm qib)."
2. Synecdoche - sib piv nrog rau hloov lwm lub tsev feem nyob rau hauv tag nrho, thiab vice versa. Piv txwv li: "koj yuav hnov cov jubilant Frenchman (tus sau hais txog cov Fabkis pab tub rog)," "kab ya," "nyob rau hauv lub herd muaj ib puas taub hau."
3. Allegory - kev paub qhia lo sib piv ntawm cov tswv yim los yog tswv yim nrog rau kev siv cov tswv yim zoo duab. Nws yog feem ntau nyob rau hauv fairy tales, fables thiab lus piv txwv. Piv txwv li, lub hma liab ua ib lub cim cunning luav - cowardly hma - npau taws.
4. Hyperbole - txhob txwm exaggeration. Nws ua hauj lwm pab ua kom cov ntawv nyeem ntau paub qhia tej lo. Nws txo nws hwj haum nyob rau hauv ib yam kev kawm, tib neeg los yog tshwm sim. Mus ntsib nrog cov piv txwv ntawm "lus puas cia siab," "nws ua - qhov zoo tshaj plaws kev phem", "nws yog plaub caug lub sij hawm zoo nkauj tshaj."
5. Litotes - ib tug tshwj xeeb understatement ntawm lub tiag tiag tseeb. Piv txwv li: "Nws yog nyias reed", "nws yog tsis muaj ntau tshaj li ib lub npog taub tes thaum xaws khaub ncaws."
6. Paraphrase - hloov ntawm lo lus, kab zauv synonymous ua ke. Siv kom tsis txhob lexical repetitions nyob rau hauv ib los yog neighboring ua ke. Piv txwv li: "hma liab - cunning neeg siab tsis ncaj", "text - lub brainchild ntawm tus sau."

stylistic nuj nqis

Stylistic nuj nqis - lus txhais tau tias nyob rau hauv lub Lavxias teb sab lus, uas muab tus hais lus ib yam imagery expressiveness. Hloov nws cov siab ntsws nqi.

Cov nuj nqis uas hais lus yog lug siv nyob rau hauv paj huam thiab prose los ntawm lub sij hawm ntawm lub ancient poets. Txawm li cas los, tam sim no thiab outdated txhais ntawm lub sij hawm sib txawv.

Nyob rau hauv ancient Greece ntseeg tias stylistic nuj nqis - lus txhais tau tias cov lus, uas nyob rau hauv nws cov daim ntawv txawv ho los ntawm txhua hnub hais lus. Tam sim no nws yog ntseeg hais tias cov duab ntawm kev hais lus - ib feem ntawm cov lus hais lus.

Yuav ua li cas yog stylistic nuj nqis?

Cov style muaj ib tug ntau ntawm tus kheej cov nyiaj:

1. Lexical repeats (anaphora, epiphora, puas ob leeg) - kev paub qhia lo lus yam cuab yeej uas muaj xws li rov qab ua dua ib qho twg ntawm cov kab lus nyob rau hauv thaum pib, kawg, los sis nyob lub hlws ris nrog lub tom ntej no. Piv txwv li: "Nws yog ib tug zoo nkauj lub suab. Nws yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws lub suab kuv twb hnov nyob rau hauv xyoo tsis ntev los. "
2. Antithesis - ib los yog ntau tshaj proposals uas yog raws li nyob rau hauv lub txheem. Piv txwv li, xav txog cov kab lus: "Cov hmoov av eked tawm - thiab nyob rau hauv saum ntuj ceeb tsheej Vita".
3. Gradation - siv cov kab lus txhais pov tseg rau cov neeg kawm ntawv ntawm kev nce los yog fading yam ntxwv. Piv txwv li: "sparkles rau ib tsob ntoo Christmas teeb, shone, shone."
4. Oxymoron - lub xam ntawm cov kab lus lo lus uas nyias hais txawv nyias nyob rau hauv lub ntsiab lus, yuav siv tsis tau nyob rau hauv ib pes tsawg leeg. Cov feem ntau cov tawm thiab zoo-paub cov piv txwv ntawm no stylistic daim duab - "tuag Souls".
5. Inversion - hloov qhov kev txiav txim ntawm lub classical arrangement ntawm cov lo lus nyob rau hauv ib tug kab lus. Piv txwv li, tsis "nws tau khiav mus," thiab "khiav nws."
6. Parceling - sib cais ntawm ib tug tib lub ntsiab lus ntawm cov kab lus rau hauv ob peb qhov chaw. Piv txwv li: "Nyob rau hauv tsis tooj, Nikolai. Nrhiav tsis blinking. "
7. Polysyndeton - kev siv cov tsev koom nyiaj rau kev sib txuas lus homogeneous qhov chaw ntawm cov kab lus. Nws yog siv rau feem ntau qhia lub suab. Piv txwv li: "Nws yog ib tug coj txawv txawv thiab zoo kawg nkaus thiab zoo nkauj, thiab mysterious hnub."
8. Asyndeton - kev sib txuas homogeneous cov nqe lus ntawm cov kab lus yog nqa tawm yam tsis tau koom haum. Piv txwv li: "Nws rushed, qw, quaj, moaning."

Phonetic txhais tau tias ntawm kev qhia

Phonetic txhais tau tias ntawm qhia - qhov tsawg tshaj plaws pab pawg neeg. Cov no muaj xws repetition ntawm tej suab nyob rau hauv thiaj li yuav tsim zoo nkauj artistic dluab.

Feem ntau cov feem ntau, qhov no txoj kev yog siv nyob rau hauv cov paj huam. Tus sau phau ntawv siv suab replay, thaum lawv xav tau mus rau cov hloov lub suab xob quaj, lub rustling ntawm nplooj los yog lwm yam tshwm sim.

Tsis tas li ntawd, phonetic cov cuab yeej pab muab cov paj huam ib yam cim. Vim kev siv ntawm tej yam peb ua ke ntawm cov suab ntawv nyeem yuav ua ntau stringent, los yog vice versa - mos mos.

Yuav ua li cas yog cov phonetic txhais tau tias muaj nyob?

1. Alliteration - repetition nyob rau hauv cov ntawv nyeem ntawm lub tib lub consonants, tsim tus tsim nyog cov duab ntawm tus sau. Piv txwv li: "Kuv tus npau suav ntes tau tawm hauv qhov ntxoov ntxoo, tawm hauv tus duab ntxoov ntxoo ntawm cov hnub tu noob."
2. Assonance - repetition ntawm tej yam cim suab los tsim tiag tiag li artistic duab. Piv txwv li: "kuv mus raws txoj kev uas cov bustling, sau tsuas ua tsov rog nyob rau hauv lub crowded tuam tsev."
3. Onomatopoeic - daim ntawv thov phonetic ob peb ua ke uas qhia txog suab nyhuv: hoofs, lub suab tsis, lub rustling nplooj.

Siv kev hais lus txhais tau tias expressiveness

Lus txhais tau tias nyob rau hauv lub Lavxias teb sab lus yog dav siv, thiab mus txuas ntxiv yuav tsum tau siv nyob rau hauv kev sau ntawv tej hauj lwm, yog nws luag los yog paj huam.

Rau yav tom ntej hais kom ua ntawm stylistic nuj nqis qhia cov writers ntawm lub Golden muaj hnub nyoog. Vim lub masterful siv cov expressiveness ntawm lawv tej hauj lwm yog muaj yeeb yuj, paj lug, pleasing mus rau lub pob ntseg. Tsis muaj zem lawv yuav muab xam ib lub teb chaws cov khoom muaj nqis ntawm Russia.

Nrog rau cov lus txhais tau tias peb fim tsis tau tsuas yog nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv, tab sis kuj nyob rau hauv lub neej txhua hnub. Yuav luag txhua tus neeg siv nyob rau hauv nws hais lus similes, metaphors, epithets. Tsis paub hais tias nws, peb ua ib tug zoo nkauj thiab cov nplua nuj lus.