Makroprolaktin - yog dab tsi? Analysis makroprolaktin: cai thiab sib txawv

Prolactin (lyuteotropnym) hu ua ib yam tshuaj ua los ntawm cov anterior pituitary hlwb. Cov tshuaj yeeb dej caw muaj ib tug xov tooj ntawm cov ntaub ntawv, rau hauv daim ntawv nyob rau hauv uas nws yog nyob rau hauv tib neeg. Ib tug xws li daim ntawv no yog makroprolaktin luteotrophic lawm. Yuav ua li cas yog nws, dab tsi yog nws zog thiab cov khoom, piav rau hauv qab no.

Ntsiab prolactin

Cov tshuaj muaj ntawm cov nqaijrog thiab suav hais tias prolaktinpodobnyh peptide substance. Nws cuab yeej yog raws li nyob rau hauv kev koom tes nyob rau hauv cov txheej txheem ntawm tu tub tu kiv, thiab cov kabmob uas yog lub hom phaj ntawm cov kev ua - lub mammary qog.

Lub receptors uas teb rau prolactin tau pom nyob rau hauv lwm qhov chaw ntawm lub cev, tab sis nws yog tseem paub tsis meej yuav ua li cas lawv teb rau tej yam ntawm hormonal tshuaj. Piav thoob hlo receptors yog pom nyob rau hauv cov nram no kabmob:

• po;
• teeb;
• lub thymus;
• lub plawv;
• txiav;
• raum;
• lub tsev me nyuam thiab zes qe menyuam;
• daim tawv nqaij.

Cov tshuaj tshwm sim nyob rau hauv tib neeg cov ntshav nyob rau hauv peb cov ntaub ntawv: 85% ntawm cov khoom muaj hauv daim ntawv ntawm monomer, 10% - dimer daim ntawv thiab tsuas 5% yog nyob rau hauv daim ntawv makroprolaktina.

Lub zog ntawm prolactin

Lub ntsiab "txoj hauj lwm" ntawm cov hormone yog nce thiab muaj ib tug txaus theem ntawm tsim ntawm cov mis nyuj thaum lub sij hawm pub niam mis. Nyob rau hauv cev xeeb tub, ib tug txaus theem ntawm prolactin muaj nrog txiv neej pw lawm cov tshuaj no. Tom qab tus me nyuam yug los tus nqi ntawm cov tshuaj no txo dramatically.

Thaum lub sij hawm lub sij hawm no zus tau tej cov prolactin yog tswj los ntawm lub txiv mis stimulation ntawm mechanoreceptors. Lawv active me nyuam noj niam mis ua qhov kev tso tawm ntawm oxytocin, uas thim mis nyuj. Xws li prolactin nkoos mis nyuj ntau lawm thiab nws cov txuam nrog nyob rau hauv lub hauv siab, tab sis nyob rau hauv tus txheej txheem ntawm allocating mis nyuj raws li oxytocin.

Qhov kev txiav txim ntawm prolactin thaum lub sij hawm cev xeeb tub yuav tsum visually pom rau ib tug me nyuam mos. High ntau ntawm lawm nteg imprint rau tus me nyuam. Ob peb hnub tom qab yug tus me nyuam ntawm tus me nyuam lub hauv siab, dhau lawm, yuav ua tau ib tug ntais paug uas tsis yuav tsum tau ntxiv kev pab thiab nws tus kheej kuaj thaum lub sij hawm thawj lub lim piam ntawm lub neej.

Lwm yam zog luteotrophic hormone:

• inhibition ntawm ovulation;
• extension ntawm lub sij hawm ntawm hav zoov ntawm cov corpus luteum;
• tiv thaiv kom txhob lwm uas cev xeeb tub;
• me me analgesic cov nyhuv;
• muab kev koom tes nyob rau hauv lub tsim ntawm lub surfactant;
• xyuas kom meej tiv thaiv kab mob siab tev taus ntawm lub embryo;
• kev koom tes nyob rau hauv kom orgasm.

Lub mechanism ntawm tus kab mob loj hlob

Nyob rau hauv noj qab nyob zoo txiv neej thiab cov uas tsis yog-tus pojniam xeebtub uas muaj tsis muaj teeb meem mob nkeeg, prolactin yog inhibited los ntawm lub active tshuaj dopamine. Nws yog tsim nyob rau hauv lub hypothalamus. Thaum twg pathologic tej yam kev mob yog ua txhaum kev sib raug zoo ntawm cov hypothalamus thiab pituitary caj pas, ua nyob rau hauv adenohypophysis hlwb ua ke luteotrophic lawm thiab nce nws ntau nyob rau hauv cov ntshiab.

Makroprolaktin - yog dab tsi?

Qhov no yog ib daim ntawv ntawm prolactin uas muaj ib tug high molecular ceeb thawj. Nws tshwm sim nyob rau hauv lub cev nyob rau hauv me me nyiaj. Lub peculiarity ntawm daim ntawv - kev sib txuas lus hormonally active tshuaj immunoglobulin.

Prolactin thiab makroprolaktin nyob rau hauv ib tug npaum li saum toj no qhov txhia qhov yuav tsum tau tam sim no xwb nyob rau hauv cev xeeb tub thiab lactating cov poj niam. Tag nrho lwm cov neeg mob yog hais tias yuav pathological.

Makroprolaktinu muaj ib tug ntau dua molecular luj, yuav noog nyob rau hauv lub cev. Lwm tus tsim luteotrophic lawm tso zis vim sai nqi ntawm tsawg molecular ceeb thawj.

Makroprolaktin, tus nqi ntawm uas yuav tsum tau los sib tham li hauv qab no, muaj ib tug uas tsis muaj roj ntsha kev ua si, thiab chaw pib, me me kev hloov nyob rau hauv nws lub cev ntsuas tej zaum yuav tsis teb. Cov soj ntsuam daim duab no yog tsis muaj zog, los yog nrog teeb ntawm lub cev ntas, uas tsis yog ib tug kev taw qhia ntawm pathology.

Cov neeg sawv cev ntawm tus txiv neej no kuj tsim los ntawm no lawm. Nws yog lub luag hauj lwm rau zus tau tej cov phev, lawv cov kev ua thiab cov synthesis ntawm testosterone. Txiv neej makroprolaktina nuj nqis yog npaum li cas qis tshaj nyob rau hauv cov poj niam.

Tshuaj ntsuam rau theem ntawm cov hormone txoj kev tshawb no, raws li zoo raws li nws cov zoo thiab ntau yam ntxwv muab nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm lub caij nyoog ntxiv lawm tshob diagnostic hom phiaj.

Gipermakroprolaktinemiya

Yog hais tias makroprolaktin tsa, ces xws li ib tug lub xeev yog hu ua gipermakroprolaktinemiey. Qhov no pathology yog tsis yog ib tug precipitating ceeb nyob rau hauv txoj kev loj hlob ntawm phem hlav ntawm lub mis thiab txha raws li muab piv rau lub xeev zuj zus tus nqi ntawm cov qub prolactin.

Nws yuav tsum tau nco ntsoov tias ntse sawv nyob rau hauv lawm ntau ntau nyob rau hauv uas tsis yog-kev pub niam mis hais tias ua txhaum nyob rau hauv lub chaw ua hauj lwm ntawm lub hypothalamic-pituitary system. Lub xub ntiag ntawm tseem ceeb cov nqi makroprolaktina thov tsa tes raws li dysmenorrhea, tej zaum txawm yuav ua kom muaj ntxiv lawm tshob.

prolaktinoma

Lub sij hawm "prolaktinoma" yog hais txog benign qog ntawm lub pituitary, uas yog ib tug feature ntawm zus tau luteotrophic lawm. Adenomas yuav tshwm sim nyob rau hauv ob qho tib si cov poj niam thiab cov txiv neej. Etiology emergence prolactinoma yog tseem tsis meej. Muaj views ntawm lub roj ntsha predisposition, raws li zoo raws li lub fact tias hlav tshwm sim nyob rau hauv thaum uas tig mus nrog cov pathology ntawm lwm yam kabmob ntawm lub endocrine system.

Ob hom hlav txwv kom muab zais los ntawm lawv cov loj thiab qhov chaw:

• intrasellyarnye tsis cuag tshaj lub Sella turcica , thiab muaj ib lub cheeb ntawm tsawg tshaj li 10 hli;
• ekstrasellyarnye cuag tshaj lub Sella turcica, thiab muaj ib lub cheeb ntau tshaj li 10 hli.

Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd mus rau lub ntsiab syndromes thiab ces, tiv thaiv uas cov kws txawj taw mus rau qhov mob thiab prolactin makroprolaktin, muaj ib tug xov tooj ntawm lwm yam kev soj ntsuam tej yam tshwm sim ntawm tus kab mob:

• narrowing ntawm lub nrig txog kev pom teb;
• ib tug ntse poob nyob rau hauv nrig txog kev pom acuity;
• phua nyob rau hauv lub ob lub qhov muag;
• tsis muaj peev xwm siv peripheral lub zeem muag;
• mob taub hau;
• kev nyuaj siab;
• ntxhov siab vim thiab txob taus;
• nyob rau hauv loj heev zaum, tag nrho cov dig muag.

Dhau li kuaj diagnostics, muab tso rau hauv lub tseeb mob, kev siv cov CT thiab MRI ntawm lub paj hlwb, stimulation kev ntsuam xyuas (hormonal) thiab densitometry (pob txha ceev kwv yees siv rau ntau yam).

diagnostics nta

Analysis rau makroprolaktin - yog dab tsi? Qhov no diagnostic txoj kev immunohemilyuminestsentnoy cov tshuaj tiv thaiv, uas yog tus kws kho rau tag nrho cov neeg mob uas muaj tsa theem ntawm prolactin nyob rau hauv lub cev.

Qhov tsom xam yog ib tug ntawm lub tshiab txoj kev. Thaum nws yog tuav kom molecules hormone "podselyayut" fluorescent hais uas, los ntawm losis tswvyim dabtsi rau prolactin ci ntsa iab feem raug rau ultraviolet tawg. Cov theem ntawm luminescence yog ntsuas luminometer - tshwj xeeb portable pab kiag li lawm.

Ntau indicators makroprolaktina txiav txim siv polyethylene glycol. Lawv ua lub deposition ntawm lub cev ceg. Yog hais tias tom qab tus txheej txheem nyob rau hauv lub ntshiab yog txiav txim tsawg tshaj li 40% ntawm tag nrho cov luteotrophic hormone theem, qhov no yog pov thawj hais tias ib tug xov tooj tseem ceeb ntawm cov kev soj ntsuam no cov ntaub ntawv uas makroprolaktina.

Indications rau mob

Muaj ib tug xov tooj ntawm tej yam kev mob nyob rau hauv uas tshwj xeeb muab rau tej yam zoo thiab ntau ntsuas ntawm prolactin thiab nws cov ntaub ntawv. Analysis rau makroprolaktin nqa tawm nyob rau hauv cov nram no mob:

• Galactorrhea - txawv txav secretion ntawm cov mis nyuj los yog colostrum;
• muaj prolactin - hlav adenohypophysis uas coj los ua ke ib tug ntau npaum li cas ntawm hormone tshuaj;
• cia li tsis pom kev;
• ntxiv lawm tshob;
• tsis tuaj kawm ntawv ntawm kev coj khaubncaws ntau tshaj rau lub hlis;
• uterine los ntshav ntawm tsis paub hais tias etiology;
• kawm pathology ntawm lub pituitary;
• kev tsis muaj ovulation;
• txha;
• mis;
• kev soj ntsuam ntawm cov hauj lwm zoo ntawm prolactin txoj kev kho.

Norma kev kawm nyob rau hauv sij hawm sib txawv

Number detectable prolactin (tau nyob rau hauv mkIE / ml):

• txiv neej tus nqi - 44,5-375;
• poj niam coob - 59-619;
• postmenopause - 38-430;
• nyuam - 205,5-4420.

Makroprolaktina nrhiav kom tau kev tshwm sim yog txhais nyob rau hauv xws embodiments:

• teeb meem loj npaum makroprolaktina;
• makroprolaktin tsis tau qhia;
• ib tug xov tooj tseem ceeb ntawm makroprolaktina tsis ntseeg.

zoo tshwm sim

Gipermakroprolaktinemiya txiav txim los tiv thaiv cov tom qab ntawm cov hauv qab no pathologies:

• hypothalamus hlav;
• hypophysis mob dab;
• thyroid kab mob (thawj ntawm hormonal secretion);
• polycystic zes qe menyuam syndrome;
• raum tsis ua hauj lwm;
• daim siab mob;
• anomalies adrenal caj pas, adrenal insufficiency ;
• mauj lupus erythematosus;
• mob caj dab rheumatoid hom;
• pyridoxine vitamin raug.

Ib tug tseem ceeb npaum li cas ntawm muaj makroprolaktina txhais tau tias kuj hais tias tus neeg mob yuav muaj ib tug ntev lub sij hawm noj tshuaj cov tshuaj.

Cov theem ntawm hormonal cawv:

• antihistamines;
• antipsychotics;
• diuretics;
• antihypertensives;
• antipsychotics;
• qhov ncauj contraceptives;
• antidepressants;
• antiemetic nyob rau hauv loj qhov ntau thiab nrog heev siv.

txo qhov tseem ceeb

Nyob rau hauv ib co xeev makroprolaktin, tus nqi rau cov poj niam uas txawv nyob ntawm seb lub sij hawm ntawm lub neej tej zaum yuav tsawg dua pom kev. Qhov no tshwm sim yog cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov nram qab no tus neeg mob:

• pituitary infarction, tshwm sim tawm tsam lub backdrop ntawm loj heev ntshav poob thaum lub sij hawm yog tau me nyuam;
• perenashivanie cev xeeb tub (ntau tshaj 41-42 lub lis piam);
• long-term siv ntawm cov tshuaj rau tshwj kom txhob convulsions, "calcitonin", hormonal txoj kev, "morphine", "rifampicin", "Nifedipine".

Leej twg appoints cov kawm thiab cov uas mus surrender

Ib txoj kev tshawb tej zaum yuav xa ib co tshwj xeeb: gynecologist, urologist los yog ib tug endocrinologist. Analysis nqi xauj tsev nyob rau hauv lub chaw soj nstuam tshwj xeeb kev kho mob cov chaw kuaj mob thiab tsev neeg npaj chaw zov me nyuam. Rau cov mob ntawm venous ntshav uas yuav tsum tau.

Cov kev tshwm sim rau yuav siv tau, tus neeg mob yuav tsum npaj rau lub tsom xam makroprolaktin:

1. 12 teev ua ntej tus me nyuam tsis kam noj.
2. Ob peb hnub ua ntej lub txais tos tsis siv cov tshuaj nyob rau hauv lub hauv paus ntawm estrogens thiab androgens. Tus kws khomob tshwjxeeb, uas tau muab cov kev taw qhia, yuav tsum qhia rau tus neeg mob txog nws.
3. Rau 24 teev kom tag tsis txhob noj tshuaj.
4. Rau ob peb hnub ua ntej tsom xam yuav muaj lub cev ua si thiab tsis txhob ntxhov siab ntau zaus.
5. Nyob rau hnub uas tus me nyuam ntawm tus tsom xam uas koj yuav tsum txhob haus luam yeeb.

xaus

Ib daim ntawv yog makroprolaktin luteotrophic lawm. Yuav ua li cas yog nws, dab tsi yog cov yam ntxwv ntawm kev kuaj nws zoo thiab muaj nuj nqis - qhov tsim nyog cov ntaub ntawv rau txhua lub ob peb tias xav ua niam ua txiv nyob rau hauv lub neej yav tom ntej, los yog nyob rau hauv tus txheej txheem ntawm conception npaj.