Macrolides - tshuaj tua kab mob / General yam ntxwv thiab daim ntawv thov

Macrolides - tshuaj tua kab mob, cov qauv ntawm cov uas qhia hauv lub macrocyclic lactone nplhaib. Lawv nyob rau hauv lub xov tooj ntawm cov pa roj carbon atoms sib cais los ntawm 14-membered (clarithromycin, roxithromycin, erythromycin), 15-membered (azithromycin), ib tug 16-membered (josamycin, midecamycin, spiramycin). Cov tshuaj yog feem ntau active ntawm intracellular cab (chlamydia, mycoplasma, Legionella, Campylobacter) thiab Gram-zoo cocci (aureus, piogenez). Macrolides - tshuaj tua kab mob teej tug mus rau lub kawg lom tebchaw.

Tsis ntev los no muaj ib qho kev nce ntawm microbial kam mus rau lub kev txiav txim ntawm cov hoob kawm no ntawm cov tshuaj. Kev pov thawj qhia tau hais tias nyob rau hauv tej rooj plaub 16-membered macrolides (midecamycin, josamycin, spiramycin) khaws ua si tiv thaiv pyogenic streptococci thiab pneumococci, resistant mus rau 14-membered (clarithromycin, roxithromycin, erythromycin), thiab 15-membered (azithromycin) kws ceev dua. Macrolides - tshuaj uas ua rau lub diphtheria thiab pertussis, Legionella, Campylobacter, Moraxella, Listeria, Chlamydia, spirochetes, mycoplasmas, ureplazmu. Nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg hais tias kab mob teej tug mus rau lub tsev neeg Pseudomonas thiab Enterobakteriatsea muaj tej yam ntuj tso kuj rau tag nrho cov macrolides.

mechanism ntawm qhov kev txiav txim

Tshuaj nyob rau hauv pab pawg neeg no tau ua txhaum lub biosynthesis ntawm cov nqaijrog nyob ribosomes ntawm microbial hlwb. Macrolides - tshuaj tua kab mob, uas muaj ib tug bacteriostatic nyhuv. Thaum muab nyiaj pab ntau tshaj koob muaj bactericidal kev ua si tiv thaiv pneumococcus, diphtheria thiab kabmob hnoos hawbpob. Cov tshuaj kuj muaj immunomodulatory thiab anti-inflammatory nyhuv.

Cov tshuaj no nkag absorbed nyob rau hauv lub gastro-plab hnyuv ib ntsuj av tau, nyob rau hauv lawv adsorption nyhuv uas cov bioactive tshuaj concentration nyob rau hauv cov kev npaj, ntau npaum daim ntawv no, raws li zoo raws li lub xub ntiag ntawm cov zaub mov thiab nws npaum li cas. Khoom noj khoom haus ho thiaj li bioavailability ntawm erythromycin, azithromycin, roxithromycin thiab medikamitsina, nrog zoo tsis ntxim rau cov bioavailability ntawm lub spiramycin, josamycin thiab clarithromycin.

Macrolides - tshuaj tua kab mob, uas nws nyob rau hauv concentration ntshav tseem qis piv rau fabrics. Yog li ntawd lawv kuj hu ua daim ntaub so ntswg tshuaj tua kab mob. ib tug tshiab tiam ntawm macrolides yooj yim khi rau ntshav proteins. Qhov siab tshaj plaws degree ntawm ntshav protein losis tswvyim dabtsi cai nrog rodomiksinom (90%), tus nqi qis tshaj - nrog spiramycin (tsawg tshaj li 20%). macrolide tshuaj zoo heev faib thoob plaws hauv lub cev, txoj kev kom ib tug tshaj plaws nyob rau hauv concentration ntau yam nruab nrog cev thiab cov nqaij. Lawv yuav yooj yim txeem los ntawm tus xovtooj ntawm membrane, tsim ib tug marginal intracellular txuam nrog.

metabolic khoom muab tau los mas los ntawm cov kua tsib thiab zis. Tom qab siv tshuaj tua kab mob ntawm yuav muaj tshwm sim raws li mob taub hau, xeev siab, ntuav, raws plab, kev tsis muaj zog, malaise, allergic kev tig cev. Tshuaj tua kab mob hais tias pab pawg neeg muab nrog kis kab mob ntawm lub sab sauv (mob sinusitis, streptococcal tonzillofaringit) thiab sab (atypical mob ntsws, mob ntsws) pab kom ua taus, pertussis, diphtheria, syphilis, chlamydia, lymphogranuloma venereum, periostitis, periodontitis, mob pob txuv, kampilobakterioznom Gastroenteritis, toxoplasmosis tus mob cryptosporidiosis.

Nws yog undesirable rau muab cov tshuaj tua kab mob thaum lub sij hawm cev xeeb tub. Ncav proven tsis zoo zoo ntawm clarithromycin nyob rau fetus. Josamycin, spiramycin thiab erythromycin tsis muaj ib tug teeb meem ntxim rau cov me nyuam hauv plab, yog li lawv muaj peev xwm yuav siv tau txawm thaum lub sij hawm cev xeeb tub. Azithromycin ntawm ib lub sij hawm yog siv nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm thaum muaj xwm ceev. Feem ntau ntawm cov tshuaj-macrolide nkag mus rau hauv leej niam cov kua mis. Thaum lub sij hawm lub sij hawm ntawm kev pub niam mis yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws rau refrain los ntawm kev siv cov tshuaj tua kab mob.