MA Bulgakov "lub Plawv ib tug aub": ib tsab ntawv nyob rau hauv cov khoom

Ntau tshaj li rau caum xyoo ntawm "lub Plawv ib tug aub" twb tos rau tus nyeem ntawv. Nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws Yelemees thiab teb chaws Askiv, zaj dab neeg yog luam nyob rau hauv thaum ntxov '60s, nyob rau tib lub sij hawm nyob rau hauv lub Soviet Union yog nyob rau hauv "samizdat" nws yuav nyeem cov muaj hmoo sawv daws yuav uas muaj me ntsis. Nws tsuas yog nyob rau hauv 1987, ib tug ua hauj lwm twb luam tawm nyob rau hauv lub "Banner" magazine, thiab ib xyoos tom qab twb muab tso rau ntawm kev tshuaj ntsuam Vladimirom Bortko. Nyob rau hauv 1925 nws tau sau ib MA Bulgakov "lub Plawv ib tug aub", ib tsab ntawv, uas tseem dominates minds thiab qhia lub ntsiab lus ntawm yog dab tsi tshwm sim nyob rau hauv Russia nyob rau hauv cov xyoo.

Nws tsis yog ib lub tsev kawm Bulgakov

Lub tsum kev pab cuam nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv rau kev kawm ntawv muaj xws li ob hauj lwm los ntawm no cov sau: "lub Plawv ib tug aub" thiab "Master thiab Margarita". Raws li tus tub ntawm ib tug xib fwb ntawm kev ntseeg thiab cov tub xeeb ntxwv ntawm cov pov thawj, cov txawj sau ntawv nyob rau hauv txhua ntawm nws creation muab kev cai dab qhuas cov cim, nws ua ib lub hom phiaj multilayered. Tej zaum hais tias yog vim li cas txhua lub sij hawm discovering ib yam dab tsi tshiab rau rereading nws phau ntawv.

Dua li ntawm qhov yooj yim ntawm cov ideological cov ntsiab lus, lub tsev kawm ntawv sau ntawv rau tus tshiab los ntawm Bulgakov lub "plawv ntawm ib tug Aub" yuav tau sau. Thiab qhov no nws yog tsim nyog los soj ntsuam qhov ib hom ntawv nyeem, title, thiab tsuas yog ua hauj lwm.

Cov anti-Soviet phau ntawv los yog dystopia?

Feem ntau "lub Plawv ib tug aub" yog hu ua kev nom kev tswv satire. Qhov ntawd yog txoj cai. Tab sis cov. Txhua yam uas cov xibfwb Preobrazhensky hais lus ntawm lub devastation, lub tsev Committee thiab Soviet ntawv xov xwm - yeej phau ntawv. Yuav ua li cas yog vim li cas thiab lawv ua dab tsi Shvonder thiab khoom, dhau lawm, tsis muaj tsis ntseeg, satire. Yog, thiab yuav ua li cas! Mob. Siab phem.

Tab sis qhov xyaum ua tej nrog tus aub - dystopia. Nws cov duab qhia tau hais tias cov me nyuam yug ntawm ib tug tshiab tib neeg tsim ntawm cov tub ntxhais, qhia yus tiam sis nyob rau hauv txoj kev loj hlob ntawm tej lub zej zog. Nws hloov tawm hais tias raws li ib tug ceeb toom sau los ntawm Mikhail Bulgakov "lub Plawv ntawm ib tug aub." Ib tug sau ntawv nyob rau hauv lub tshiab yuav tsum muaj kev cuam tshuam tus yam ntxwv ntawm ob qho tib si lwm yam thiab satire thiab utopia.

Yog vim li cas lub plawv aub?

Nyob rau hauv lub tsom xam ntawm lub me me hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov chaw ua hauj lwm (tshiab, zaj dabneeg luv luv, dab neeg luv luv) nyuam qhuav coj nws lub npe. Yog li ntawd yog vim li cas Bulgakov nres rau ntawm kab lus no, vim hais tias nyob rau hauv cov ntawv nyeem ntawm xibfwb Preobrazhensky, fending Bormental txog Sharikova lub plawv, cav hais tias nws yog nws tam sim no tib neeg, tiam sis feem ntau ntawm tag nrho cov lousy.

Lub dictionaries chaw "aub", tsuas yog direct nqi indicative teej tug mus rau hais tias tsiaj, muaj lwm yam portable conversational txo tsis zoo teb qhia tias ib yam dab tsi nyuaj, unbearable, thiab qhov phem thiab qis tshaj thiab abject. Thiab ces txhua yam yuav tseeb, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog raws li lub subtitle ntawm zaj dab neeg - "horrific huam yuaj" - muab ib tug clue txog yuav hais li cas Bulgakov. "Lub Plawv ib tug aub" - ib tug satirical sau ntawv, tsis muaj dev lub cev yog muab ntim rau hauv nws lub npe, thiab puas lub plawv ntawm lub tshiab tsa tus neeg.

system duab

Coj txawv txawv, tiam sis yeej muaj tseeb: nyob rau hauv lub satirical tej hauj lwm ntawm Mihaila Bulgakova tsis muaj goodies. Thiab "lub Plawv ib tug aub" yog tsis muaj exception. Cov xib fwb, uas yog li ntawd kom cav thiab rightly cem rhuav txoj kev tshiab tsoom fwv ua ib tug txaus ntshai yuam kev: tus kws kho mob yuav tsum pab cov neeg nyob rau hauv kev kho ailments, tab sis nws yog ua kom txhim kho ib yam dab tsi uas yog tsim los ntawm Vajtswv. Hloov Hlo xwb ces paub txog qhov inadmissibility ntawm xws thwmsim.

Obedient cog nyob rau hauv lub tshiab tsim formations qhia Shvonder - demagogue nrog kev puas hlwb xiam oob qhab, uas xav txog nws tus kheej tus tswv ntawm lub tsev. Nws thiab xibfwb - xov xwm sib txawv kiag li hauv paus ntsiab lus, lawv yuav tsis txawm sib piv.

Yog li ntawd rau leej twg ntawm lub cim uas koj yuav tsum ua kom pom tseeb thaum teem sau ib tsab ntawv, "Bulgakov" lub Plawv ib tug aub ''? Balls - qhov tshwm sim ntawm qhov xyaum ua tej FF Hloov Hlo - nws yog ib tug loj nyob rau hauv zaj dab neeg thiab rau yam twg hauv kev kawm ntawm kev tsis sib haum ntawm Shvonder thiab xib fwb. Tab sis, yog hais tias lub ntsiab lus yog li no kev sib ntaus?

Heev neeg tsis tau muab

Txhua yam kev cob cog rua nrog lub Koom Txoos Orthodox, Bulgakov paub meej, thiab tsis los ntawm lub caij nyob rau hauv nws sau hais txog cov hnub los yog ua tim khawv rau lawv. Piv txwv li, nyob rau hauv "Master thiab Margarita" tag nrho cov indications yog hais tias qhov kev txiav txim yuav siv sij hawm qhov chaw nyob rau hauv lub ntuj lub limtiam ua ntej Easter, nyob rau hauv ib zaj dab neeg hais txog lub ballpoint txheej xwm pib ntawm qhov kawg ntawm lub hlis ntuj nqeg thiab 7 Lub ib hlis ntuj muaj ib tug tshiab txiv neej - Polygraph Polygraphovich. Tsis ntau tsis tsawg, thiab Christmas sij hawm yuav hloov hlo aub Bulgakov. "Lub Plawv ib tug aub" - ib tug sau ntawv, tus neeg sau hais tias tus mob yog tsis tsuas cov kev puas tsuaj ntawm qhov zoo tshaj plaws uas yog ua ntej lub kiv puag ncig, tab sis kuj cov tsos ntawm qab, uas mus txuas ntxiv rau qhov no extermination, tab sis tsis tub sab tub nyiag thiab zakolachivaniya ceremonial thiab sab ntsuj plig devastation.

Yog vim li cas Polygraph?

Qhov no lub npe yog xam tau tias yog mus yuav ib tug invention ntawm Bulgakov, tab sis nws yog lub npe hu hais tias lub daim ntawv qhia hnub nyob rau hauv daim ntawv qhia hnub ntawm lub proletariat nyob rau ntawm lub sij hawm twb yuav nws poj niam txhais lus. Yuav ua li cas yuav tau tiv thaiv ib tug repetition ntawm cov txawj sau ntawv: Polygraph Polygraphovich? Thaum tsim Mikhail Bulgakov "lub Plawv ib tug aub", sau ntawv xws tej hauj lwm yuav tsis tau relegated mus rau ib tug ntau ntawm cov txawj nyeem ntawv. Ib tug hlub! Ces muaj ntau yam yuav tau to taub: lub npe ntawm tus protagonist muaj feem xyuam rau printing, uas txhais tau tias - tu tub tu kiv, uas yog, lawv yuav tsum tau ib tug ntau.

Kws ntawv ntshai tsam (thiab tsis yog tsis muaj yog vim li cas) hais tias cov ballpoint yog zoo meej rau lub tshiab tsoom fwv. Deprived ntawm lawv tus kheej lub tswv yim, tsis muaj sab ntsuj plig ties, kev cai, cov neeg no yuav ua tsis tau tsuas yog dab tsi lawv yeej hais, tab sis kuj yuav noj cov teg num, tswj kev puas tsuaj, raws li lawv tsis muaj peev xwm los tsim kom tau rau lub ntsiab txhais. Tsim lawv hais tias txoj kev, yuav ua li cas yuav ntawd lub cev Hloov Hlo xib fwb, yuav tsis ua hauj lwm, tab sis mus kawm ntawv cov tub ntxhais hluas nyob rau hauv tus ntsuj plig ntawm qhov no yuav tiag tiag.

Hais tias yog dab tsi yuav tsum ua tau ib tug sau ntawv rau hauv lub ntsiab "Lub plawv ntawm ib tug aub." Bulgakov yuav tsis tau los ntawm kev mus nws lub contemporaries, los yog es tsis muaj lub sij hawm, tab sis kuj los ntawm ntau caum lub xyoos, qhov no dab neeg cia li raws li cov.

Niaj hnub nimno science yog mus rau pem suab, sim mus nrhiav ib tug kho los ntawm cov kab mob thiab prolong lub hnub ntawm txiv neej nyob rau lub ntiaj teb, tab sis peb yuav tsum tsis txhob hnov qab tias aub lub plawv yuav ua li cas ua ke nrog ib tug ntev lub neej uas ua rau ib tug nyob muaj hnub nyoog aimless thiab puas.