Nom tswv satire: lub ntsiab txhais ntawm ib hom ntawv nyeem, piv txwv

Ib tug complex, multi-ncau ib hom ntawv nyeem nyob rau hauv ntau daim duab ntaub ntawv - nom tswv satire. Kev siv nws - yog muaj ib tug broad outlook, erudition, kev txawj ntse ntawm nom tswv science, yuav tsum constructive criticism, lug tau sai dlua kos duab rau ntawm hais lus zoo nyob rau hauv tag nrho thiab loj mus kom ze rau qhov no ib hom ntawv nyeem. Nws tsis ua siab ntev txhob txwm subjective saib, nws yuav yooj yim raug mob ib tug neeg lwm tus txoj kev xav, thuam, poob ntsej muag.

Yuav ua li cas yog satire?

Satire - ib hom ntawv nyeem ntawm cov ntaub ntawv thiab kos duab, uas yog ib tug comic los yog poetic denunciation ntawm qhov tsis zoo tshwm sim nyob rau hauv lub neej thiab lub neej los ntawm txoj kev irony, sarcasm, exaggeration, allegory, parody thiab cov grotesque. Lub essence ntawm satire yog siv artistic hom kev kawm thiab kev sau ntawv txhais tau tias mus cuag lub cem thiab thuam ntawm absurdities, contradictions thiab flaws. Feem ntau siv satire tau txais undue exaggeration. Satire ib hom ntawv nyeem rau ntau centuries, thiab txhua txhua era nws siv los mus qhia hais tias tus tsis zoo sib raug zoo thiab kev nom kev tswv txheej xwm. Satire yog yeej ib txwm tswj cov neeg thiab cov txheej xwm.

Satirical tej hauj lwm yuav ua tau kev ncaj ncees, kev nom kev tswv, kev cai dab qhuas. Thuam ntawm lub satire yog ua los ntawm ib txoj hauj lwm ntawm unexpressed zoo tagnrho. Nyob rau hauv ancient sij hawm, nws yog ib tug sib tov ntawm satirical paj huam thiab prose, thiab tom qab ntawd nyob rau hauv lub nroog Loos ib hom ntawv nyeem tau txais kev ywj pheej. Nws yuav siv seev cev, song thiab cov paj huam. Piv txwv ntawm cov kos duab ntawm satire tsim los ntawm Juvenal thiab Horace. Nrog derided ib hom ntawv nyeem vicious tshwm sim ntawm lub neej. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv muaj tag nrho tej hauj lwm satirical cais lub sijhawm uas nws, lub sijhawm los yog cov duab. Los ntawm ib tug nom tswv satire yuav tsum tau ceev faj, vim hais tias qhov no ib hom ntawv nyeem muaj peev xwm muaj raws censorship.

kev nom kev tswv satire

Ib hom ntawv nyeem ntawm nom tswv satire yeej ib txwm tau nrov. Txawm tias muaj tseeb hais tias nws hais txog cov ntaub ntawv, satire pom qhia nyob rau hauv tus thawj thiab cov visual arts. Cov nom tswv satire pw liab qab rau ib tug neeg thiab kev txhaum los, tsis kav ntev yeej, kev tsim txom ntawm lub hwj chim, tsis zoo ua hauj lwm ntawm politicians siv irony, burlesque, thiab lwm txoj kev. Ib hom ntawv nyeem ntawm nom tswv satire hu ua tsis tau tsuas yog rau amuse cov neeg tuaj saib, tab sis kuj mus tua lub siab phem tshwm sim ntawm kev muaj tiag. Qhov no yog lub ntsiab lub hom phiaj, uas yog tiav los ntawm txoj kev lom zem.

Literary pab kiag li lawm, xws li sarcasm, irony, juxtaposition, pab mus cuag ib tug tej yam tshwm sim. Progenitors ntawm ib hom ntawv nyeem ntawm nom tswv satire twb Lucilius, Ennius, Horace, Aristophanes. Nws yuav tsum muaj tam sim no sau ntawv ntawm maj lom zem, uas yog npaj rau smooth tawm tus thuam ntawm ib lub chaw nyob. Txwv tsis pub satire zoo cov lus qhuab qhia, qhuav daim ntawv qhia los yog qhuab qhia.

Lub ntsiab lus satire

Nom tswv satire sawv vim cov ntaub ntawv uas cov ancient Rome. Nws muaj xws li paj huam thiab lyric cov khoom ntawm ntau ntau thiab tsawg thiab qhov tseem ceeb. Tus nyeem ntawv pom lawv rov sib, foom phem rau nyob rau hauv sib txawv degrees ntawm tsis kam - dluab ntawm tej tib neeg, pab pawg, cov txheej xwm. Satire - lub luag hauj lwm artistic ib hom ntawv nyeem ntawm dawb hais lus - yuav tsum txawv los ntawm ib tug lampoon thiab lampoon.

Lub artistic tus nqi ntawm kev nom kev tswv satire thiab nws tseem ceeb cov lus dag nyob rau hauv cov kev sib raug thiab ncaj ncees rau cov ntsiab lus, lyrical sawv siab satirist zoo tagnrho. Lyrical subjective xim satirical ua hauj lwm deprives ib hom ntawv nyeem artistic objectivity, kev nom kev tswv satire thiaj li muaj qhov xwm ntawm transience.

paub satirists

Nom tswv satire tshwm nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov hom ntawm cov kos duab - yog nws cov ntsiab sib txawv ntawm ib tug txhob txwm txawj ib hom ntawv nyeem. Nws yog pom nyob rau hauv lub ua yeeb yam, cov ntaub ntawv, movies, journalism. Nyuam qhuav pib satire flourished nyob rau hauv tim Nkij teb chaws thiab lub ntiaj teb no Arab, Persia, thiab medieval teb chaws Europe, America, Victorian hais. Nws yog dav siv raws li ib tug denunciation ntawm lub thib nees nkaum xyoo pua txoj kev, thaum lub sij hawm lub hav zoov ntawm cov Soviet Union thiab, ntawm chav kawm, nyob rau hauv niaj hnub lub sij hawm.

Nto moo Soviet satirists I. Ilf thiab Petrov sau tus tshiab "12 Quav", uas nrog rau kev pab los ntawm kev lom zem thiab kev sau ntawv pab kiag li lawm ridicules tus tshiab khiv tsim Soviet zej zog. Nom tswv satire muab kev koom tes: Vladimir Mayakovsky, Olesha, D. harms, Bulgakov, S. Marshak. Muaj ntau Soviet satirists tau repressed thiab censored rau kev siv ntawm no ib hom ntawv nyeem.

Thaum lub sij hawm lub sij hawm ntawm lub "thaw" tshwm sim satirical films, TV qhia tau hais tias, uas yog tab thiab nrog kev lom zem tsis yuav tus tsoom fwv. Niaj hnub nimno satirists - yog A. Raikin, M. Zhvanetskiy, G. Khazanov, S. Viola, A. arcana, L. Izmailov, M. Zadornov. Niaj hnub no, ib hom ntawv nyeem ntawm nom tswv satire nyob rau hauv Russia tsis mus rau qhov nrov, loj-scale theem, uas yog nyob rau hauv lub Soviet xyoo.

Nrov quotes thiab aphorisms

Cov feem nthuav thiab nco yog ib tug nom tswv satire (quotes, sayings, aphorisms) nyob rau hauv lub USSR. Nws yog los ntawm muaj tuaj zoo comedy movies, paj huam, luag, raug lead lom pliaj ntus. Nyob rau hauv lub xyoo ntawm Brezhnev kav muaj ib tug ntau ntawm cov lus tso dag txog nws thiab nws cov kev cai. Sawv daws yeej paub hais tias Leonid Ilyich hlub medals thiab kev txiav txim, uas nws tus kheej twb tau muab, tej zaum tsis ncaj ncees. Uas yog vim li cas muaj raws li nram no anecdote: "Nyob rau hauv Moscow, muaj ib tug av qeeg. Qhov no tshwm sim vim lub fact tias los ntawm lub rooj zaum down tsho Brezhnev nrog medals. "

Nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 21st nom tswv satire tsiv los ntawm lub tshav pob ntawm cov ntaub ntawv nyob rau hauv lub visual arts. Niaj hnub no tas luav dluab tau feem ntau yuav pom nyob rau hauv lub socio-thoj cov ntawv xov xwm, loj Lavxias teb sab thiab txawv teb chaws ntawv.