Lyric khoom: nta, hom, piv txwv. Lyrical ua hauj lwm - nws yog ...

Lyrical ua hauj lwm - yog ib tug tshwj xeeb tshwm sim nyob rau hauv cov ntawv nyeem. Nws yuav qhib lub undercover ntiaj teb no ntawm qhov txhia ntawm nws cov creator, li ntawd nws muaj tej yam ntxwv. Koj muaj peev xwm tsis tas yuav txawv los ntawm epic los yog lyric ua yeeb yam (lwm yam kev sau ntawv lwm yam). Tej zaum nws tsis dag nyob rau hauv kab ntawm nqe lus no, thiab prose. Suffice nws nco qab Gogol lyrical digression, Pushkin, Turgenev tus prose paj huam. Nyob rau lwm cov tes, yuav ua tau poetically A vague epics. Muaj los rau lub siab, "Eugene Onegin" los ntawm Pushkin thiab "Vasily Terkin" Twardowski. Cais nta ntawm lub lyric thiab tej hauj lwm, yuav ua li cas nws txawv ntawm epos thiab ua yeeb yam.

me nyuam cov ntaub ntawv

Art, xws li hais lus - yog ib tug rog xav txog ntawm ib tug neeg lub neej, xws li ib tug multi-ncau, tag nrho ntawm ntau yam txheej xwm. Uas yog vim li cas nws yog tsis yooj yim sua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam nyob rau hauv tag nrho, siv tsuas yog ib qho tsim. Thiab tej kev sau ntawv tej hauj lwm - epic, lyric thiab ua yeeb yam. Yog, lawv zoo sib xws nyob rau hauv uas ob leeg nyob rau hauv daim iav qhia lub neej ntawm cov neeg, tab sis kuj ua txawv cov ntawm tej nta. Luv luv tsom xam lawv.

Rau cov epic yam ntxwv cov lus hais txog tej txheej xwm nyob rau hauv narrative daim ntawv. Ntxiv mus, tej zaum nws yuav zoo li ib co zoo ntawm ib tug luv luv rov nyob rau hauv lub neej, ces peb yuav tau tham txog lub lwm yam tshiab los yog dab neeg, thiab qhov ntau loj-scale kev tshwm sim, lub keeb kwm ntawm lub tsev neeg los yog lub xeev (zaj dabneeg, tej phau ntawv). Lub ntsiab sib txawv - txhua yam yog nyob rau hauv ib tug narrative txoj kev, tej zaum tus neeg sau resorts rau cov lus piav qhia los yog reflections.

Drama kuj muaj ib tug meej zaj dabneeg, tab sis nws tsis yog los ua kev piav qhia txog cov phau ntawv, thiab ib cov ntshiab fixation lub suab lam (replicas). Yog li, peb yuav hais tias qhov no zoo ntawm cov ntaub ntawv combines cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov epic thiab lyric paj huam, vim hais tias nyob rau hauv lub caij nyoog kawg no tus thawj lub luag hauj lwm hais li. Puas tau txij ancient sij hawm coexist ob yam ntawm ua yeeb yam: xwm txheej no thiab comedy. Tus thawj tsom rua lub cim teeb meem nrog nws tus kheej, nws puas siab puas ntsws anguish (txheejtxheem Hamlet Shakespeare los yog Salieri Pushkina). Comedy kuj piav txog tej yam teeb meem nyob rau hauv lub neej, tej zaum absurd misunderstandings ( "Twelfth Hmo ntuj" los ntawm Shakespeare). Tragi-comedy - ib hom ntawv nyeem uas nyob kuj ntev los no. Nws combines cov yam ntxwv ntawm lub ob yam tug ncej ntawm lub ua yeeb yam.

Lyrics: txhais

Yuav ua li cas yog ib tug lyrical ua hauj lwm? Qhov no yog ib yam ntawm cov ntaub ntawv, uas qhia rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no puab ntawm tus sau. Ntxiv mus, nws yog tsis zoo li qub: tus cwj pwm thiab txoj kev xav nrog nws yuav tau hloov, raws li zoo raws li lub mus ob peb vas ntawm tus hero.

Nyob rau hauv feem ntau embodiments rau lyric nqe khoom siv paj huam. Tej zaum cov kev lyrical tej hauj lwm ntawm cov feem ntau ntau haiv neeg nyob rau hauv kev sib piv nrog rau cov epic los sis ua yeeb. Tseeb, lub ntiaj teb no ntawm tus tsis totaub cov feem ntau ntau yam thiab changeable. Txawm nyob rau hauv ib zaug xwb paj huam lub kws sau paj lug lub mus ob peb vas yuav hloov los ntawm kev tu siab rau kev xyiv fab. Qhov no tshwm sim nyob rau hauv lub chaw ua hauj lwm, "Kuv hlub koj" Pushkin.

Ib tug tshwj xeeb qhov chaw nyob rau hauv lub lyrical ua hauj lwm yuav siv sij hawm lyrical hero. Nws yuav muaj kev cuam tshuam cov kev xav thiab kev xav ntawm tus sau, thiab hais lus cam nrog nws. Yuav kom to taub cov tswvyim no, nws suffices nco qab "Evgeniya Onegina" los ntawm Pushkin. Ntawm no lyrical cim sawv tsis yog lub protagonist ntawm "playboy" Onegin, thiab tus sau nws tus kheej, nws nkawd yuav nyob rau ib feem ntawm cov lus hais txog cov txheej xwm. Txawm li cas los, Eugene nyob rau hauv ib qhov chaw rau tag nrho cov tib assumes lub luag hauj lwm ntawm lyrical thaum nws sau ib tsab ntawv mus rau Tatiana.

ib hom ntawv nyeem

Hom lyrical tej hauj lwm, raws li zoo raws li epic thiab txaus ntshai, yuav tsum tau hu ua "lwm yam". Nws yog noteworthy tias cov ancient Greeks rau txhua daim ntawv ntawm cov lus kos duab raws li nws muse. Cov creatures, tus ntxhais ntawm Zeus thiab Mnemosyne, vajtswv poj niam ntawm lub cim xeeb, twb zoo companions ntawm Apollo nyob rau hauv them nyiaj ntawm cov kos duab. Tag nrho cov Muses twb cuaj. Txhua yam ntawm lawv tau nws tus kheej ua cim thiab hom ntawm kev ua si. Yog li ntawd noble thiab nyob rau tib lub sij hawm nruj Polyhymnia yog lub luag hauj lwm rau lub solemn hu nkauj (zaj nkauj), thiab Calliope, yog lub luag hauj lwm rau cov epic, on qhov tsis tooj, yog heev ua lag ua luam zoo li thiab so.

Yuav ua li cas yog ib tug txawj ib hom ntawv nyeem? Qhov no yog lub hauv paus cov khoom, ib yam ntawm cov cev pob txha, uas ib tug txawj sau ntawv los yog ib tug kws sau paj lug tsim ib tug tshwj xeeb kev ua hauj lwm. Piv txwv li, lub fables paub txij ancient sij hawm, thiab sau lawv tis. Ib hom ntawv nyeem guessed tam sim ntawd, raws li qhia los ntawm lub allegorical narrative thiab ib tug tej yam morality. Qhov no yuav ua tau khov kho tej yam tshwm sim ntawm ib hom ntawv nyeem "dab neeg."

Tus nyeem ntawv yog qhov tseem ceeb heev kom paub tias cov ua hauj lwm ntawm ib hom ntawv nyeem, nws picks, vim hais tias nyob rau hauv no txoj kev tsim ib tug tshwj xeeb mus ob peb vas, txiav txim los ntawm lub suab nrov ntawm lub chaw ua hauj lwm.

Lyric khoom, piv txwv uas yog tham txog ntxiv lawm, yog tseem muab faib mus rau hauv lwm yam. Lawv muaj peev xwm tsim raws li ib tug tseem ceeb, enchanting mus ob peb vas, thiab tu siab, txawm nyuaj siab.

Oda thiab anthem

Raws li peb hais, lub muse ntawm solemn zaj nkauj qhuas Vajtswv, zaj nkauj qhuas Vajtswv - Polyhymnia. Nws yog noble, impetuous, tab sis nyob rau tib lub sij hawm heev khi. Cov hauj lwm uas txawv los ntawm ib tug tshwj xeeb solemnity, lawv ua hauj lwm yog rau muaj yeeb koob. Cov nkauj muaj kev cuam tshuam admiration lyrical. Ntxiv mus, admiration, haib li, nquag thiab muaj zog, uas involuntarily xav tau li thaum nyeem. Yuav ua li cas piv txwv yuav muab? Qhov no yog qhov pib ntawm lub paj huam "Lub Bronze Horseman" los ntawm A. S. Pushkina. Los ntawm txoj kev, qhov no zaj no yog hu ua lub anthem ntawm lub sab qaum teb capital, St. Petersburg. Qhib kab: "Kuv hlub koj, Peter lub creation ..." ib zaug hais ib tug haib them nyiaj ntawm lub zog thiab lub hwj chim.

Anthem tej zaum yuav qhia nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov prose. "Song ntawm lub dag Petrel" Maksima Gorkogo nws yog. Nws yog hu ua tus anthem ntawm txoj kev ywj pheej. Lub xeev nruab nrab yog cov Thunderbird, lub challenger kev puas tsuaj, muaj nws.

Lwm tseem ceeb lyrical ua hauj lwm yog ib qho Ode. Qhov no ib hom ntawv nyeem, tsis zoo li zaj nkauj qhuas tej qho keeb kwm kev tshwm sim ( "Ode rau lub accession ..." Lomonosov), ib tug tshwm sim ( "kev ywj pheej" Pushkin) los yog tus neeg ( "Vajtswv" Derzhavin).

Elegy

Lyrical ua hauj lwm - nws tsis yog lub hwj chim thiab solemnity. Ntau ntau cov kwv huam muaj kev cuam tshuam cov kev xav ntawm siab tus, feem ntau, kev hlub. Nrog rau cov tej hauj lwm ntawm lub ancient Greeks txuam cov muse Erato. Nyob rau hauv nws cov duab feem ntau muaj sijhawm ntawm kev txom nyem thiab rhiab. "Elegy" Cov no yog cov kwv huam ntawm ib hom ntawv nyeem. Cov hauj lwm yog tu siab, lawv yog cov tag nrho ntawm reflections ntawm kev hlub thiab hais txog lub neej los yog txoj hmoo, nws destiny.

Ib hom ntawv nyeem Elegy twb tsis nyob rau hauv antiquity, ntau sau ntawv thiab paj huam los tau siv nws nquag. Yog li ntawd, Pushkin yog "kuv hlub koj" los yog "Yuav kom lub hiav txwv", Lermontov lub "Kuv tawm mus nyob ib leeg rau txoj kev", muaj cov piv txwv ntawm elegies thiab nyob rau hauv cov ntawv nyeem ntawm lub XX xyoo pua, piv txwv li, Akhmatova muaj "Lub peb hlis ntuj Elegy" thiab BLOK "Caij nplooj zeeg Elegy ".

Ntawv no thiab epigrams

Heev nrov epistolary lyrical ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv cov ntawv nyeem. Qhov no yog tsis muaj dab tsi zoo li cov lus. Qhov no ib hom ntawv nyeem tso cai los qhia cov innermost kev xav thiab kev ntshaw. Nws yog ib nqi nco ntsoov ib tug phau ntawv piv txwv ntawm cov lus - Pushkin tus "Yuav kom Chaadaev." Los yog paj huam ntawm Esenin "Tsab ntawv rau niam". Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb yuav tau nco ntsoov hais tias muaj neeg mob qhov twg no ib hom ntawv nyeem muaj xws li Elegy ntsiab. Piv txwv li, ib cov lus ntawm Pushkin rau A. P. Kern (tus naas ej "Kuv nco ntsoov ib tug zoo kawg nkaus lub sij hawm ntawd"). Ntawm no, nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd mus xa mus rau ib tug nyiam muaj thiab xav txog lawv txoj kev xav, ib yam ntawm cov rog xav txog ntawm dab tsi tshwm sim nrog cov kws sau paj lug thaum lub sij hawm ib tug lub rooj sib tham nrog tus hlub.

Epigram (tsis tau nws yog hu ua "satire") - lwm hom ntawv nyeem ntawm cov paj huam. Cov hauj lwm yog heev luv luv, lawv lub ntsiab hauj lwm - mus ua kev lom zem ntawm leej twg. Satire yuav tau ntau tsim, nws cem rhuav tej kev tshwm sim. Nyob rau hauv no hom ntawv nyeem zoo heev yog tus kws sau paj lug ntawm lub XVIII xyoo pua Cantemir.

sonnet

Tshwj xeeb mloog yuav tsum tau sonnet. Qhov no txawj ib hom ntawv nyeem yuav tsum tau nruj raws li cov kws sau paj lug cov ntaub ntawv. Tseem ceeb nyob rau hauv lub sonnet - 14 kab. Paub qhov txawv cov lus Askiv version (peb quatrains thiab ob distich) thiab Fabkis (ob quatrains thiab ob tercet). Cov yav tas tau noj hauv paus thaum lub sij hawm lub era ntawm lub Symbolist paj huam. Nws siv lub tsev, Balmont, thiab Bruce. Classic English sonnet paub rau lub ntiaj teb ntawm Shakespeare.

Cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov sonnet yog tseem tswj. Txhua zaj paj huam - thesis rau tej inferences uas tus neeg nyeem kawm nyob rau hauv kab kawg. Qhov no ib hom ntawv nyeem paj huam yog hu ua kev txawj ntse paj huam.