Lub photoelectric nyhuv - lub physics ntawm lub phenomenon

Nyob rau hauv 1887, German paub txog Hertz sab cov nyhuv ntawm lub teeb nyob rau hauv qhov hluav taws xob tawm. Kawm lub txim paug Hertz nrhiav tau hais tias yog hais tias tus tsis zoo electrode teeb pom kev zoo ultraviolet rays, lub paug tshwm sim nyob rau hauv ib tug qis voltage rau lub electrodes.

Nws twb ntxiv pom tias thaum raug mus rau lub teeb ntawm ib tug hluav taws xob arc zoo them hlau phaj kev cob cog rua rau lub electroscope xub electroscope ntog. Qhov no qhia hais tias lub illuminated arc cov quav hniav loses nws tsis zoo xwb. Qhov zoo them nyiaj ntawm cov hlau phaj nrog rau lub teeb tsis poob.

Poob ntawm hlau lub cev illuminated los ntawm rays ntawm lub teeb ntawm qhov tsis zoo hluav taws xob xwb yog hu ua ib tug photoelectric nyhuv los yog photoelectric nyhuv.

Lub physics ntawm no phenomenon tau raug kawm txij li thaum 1888 thiab nto moo Lavxias teb sab neeg kawm xaij A. G. Stoletovym.

Txoj kev tshawb no ntawm lub photoelectric nyhuv centuries yog ua los ntawm txhais tau tias ntawm lub installation uas muaj ob tug me me discs. Cov khoom zinc phaj thiab ib nyias mesh teem mas tiv thaiv txhua lwm yam, txoj kev ua ib capacitor. Nws lub phaj kev cob cog rua nrog lub ncej ntawm qhov tam sim no qhov twg los, thiab ces illuminated nrog lub teeb ntawm ib tug hluav taws xob arc.

Lub teeb dawb do los ntawm cov mesh rau ntawm qhov chaw ntawm ib tug khoom zinc disc.

STOLETOV pom hais tias yog ib tug zinc phaj ntawm cov capacitor kev cob cog rua rau qhov tsis zoo ncej ntawm lub voltage qhov chaw (ib tug cathode), lub galvanometer kev cob cog rua rau hauv Circuit Court qhia tam sim no. Yog hais tias lub cathode yog ib tug Mesh, ces muaj yog tsis muaj tam sim no. Yog li ntawd, illuminated zinc phaj emits zoo them hais, uas yog lub luag hauj lwm rau qhov tam sim no cov hav zoov ntawm nws thiab lub net.

Stoletov, kawm photoelectric nyhuv, cov physics uas muaj tseem tsis tau qhib, nws muab rau nws thwmsim log ntawm qhov sib txawv co: aluminium, tooj liab, zinc, silver, npib tsib xee. Attaching lawv mus rau lub tsis zoo ncej ntawm lub voltage qhov chaw, nws yog pom yuav ua li cas nyob rau hauv qhov kev txiav txim ntawm lub arc nyob rau hauv lub Circuit Court ntawm ib tug tsav nroj tsuag nws ib tug hluav taws xob tam sim no. Qhov no tam sim no yog hu ua tus photocurrent.

Los ua lub voltage ntawm lub capacitor daim hlau photocurrent yog nce, ncav ib yam voltage rau nws nqi siab tshaj plaws hu ua lub saturation photocurrent.

Soj qab qhov photoelectric nyhuv, cov physics uas yog zoo kev cob cog rua nrog lub dependence ntawm kev tsuas xyaus ntawm photocurrent nqi ntawm lub luminous flux teeb meem nyob rau hauv cathode phaj STOLETOV tsim lub nram qab no txoj cai: lub saturation nqi ntawm cov photocurrent, yuav tau ncaj qha mus proportional rau qhov teeb meem teeb flux cov quav hniav.

Qhov no txoj cai yog hu ua Stoletov.

Tom qab ntawd nws twb pom hais tias photocurrent - ndlwg ntawm electrons nraus los ntawm lub teeb hlau.

Lub hom phiaj ntawm lub photoelectric nyhuv tau pom ntau ua daim ntawv thov. Yog li tau tsim lub ntaus ntawv, uas yog raws li nyob rau hauv no phenomenon. Lawv hu ua hnub ci hlwb.

Lub photosensitive txheej - cathode - npog yuav luag tag nrho puab nto ntawm ib khob noob tsuas yog rau ib tug me me me ntsis qhov rais rau cov kev nkag tau ntawm lub teeb. Lub anode kuj yog ib tug hlau nplhaib, tam rau hauv lub thawv. Lub thawv - ib lub tshuab nqus.

Yog hais tias peb txoj kev sib lub nplhaib rau qhov zoo ncej ntawm lub roj teeb thiab lub photosensitive txheej ntawm hlau los ntawm lub galvanometer nrog nws tsis zoo ncej, ces thaum yuav tsum vov txheej suitably teeb qhov chaw tam sim no zoo nkaus li nyob rau hauv lub Circuit Court.

Koj muaj peev xwm tig tawm lub roj teeb rau hauv tag nrho, tab sis, ces peb yuav pom tam sim no, tsuas yog ib tug heev muaj zog, txij li thaum tsuas muaj ib tug me me ib feem ntawm lub teeb ntiab tawm electrons yuav poob rau hauv hlau nplhaib - lub anode. Lug txhim khu cov nyhuv tsim nyog voltage nyob rau hauv qhov kev txiav txim ntawm 80-100.

Photoelectric nyhuv, cov physics uas yog siv nyob rau hauv xws ntsiab yuav muaj cai siv tej hlau. Txawm li cas los, feem ntau ntawm lawv, xws li tooj liab, hlau, platinum, tungsten, tsuas nkag siab ultraviolet rays. Mere alkaline co - poov tshuaj, sodium thiab cesium, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog - thiab rhiab rau pom rays. Lawv kuj yuav siv rau qhov siv thiab hnub ci hlwb cathodes.