Lub liberation ntawm Vienna Plaub Hlis Ntuj 13, 1945. Vienna Sturm

Austria thiab Hungary - yog cov neeg lub teb chaws uas, txawm hais tias lawv zoo li zoo heev tab sis yog sib txawv heev los ntawm txhua lwm yam. Qhov no kuj siv rau lub mentality. Yog li ntawd, nyob rau cov sij hawm tuaj nyob rau hauv Hungary lub Red Army Secular Union txais ib qho tsis tshua muaj neeg txias, hostile, thaum lub sij hawm Austrians reacted neutrally los yog txawm loyal rau cov tub rog.

Ib tug ntau lub tswv yim rau hauv kev npaj thiab cwj pwm ntawm ua hauj lwm tsis yog kom deb li deb. Qhov no yog vim lub rivalry ntawm lub Soviet ideology thiab Austrian neutrality, pro-fascist views thiab txiav txim siab zoo. Txawm li cas los, lub liberation ntawm Vienna - lub ntsiab yog interesting, hom thiab ua trembling ua ntej lub lub dag lub zog ntawm cov tub rog thiab cig tsis paub tuag patriotism. Tshwj xeeb tshaj yog xav tias yuav lub fact tias qhov kev tso tawm ntawm lub Austrian capital tau muaj kev tswj tsis tau tsuas yog heev ceev, tab sis muaj tsawg heev tib neeg losses.

Kev npaj rau kev phais

Los ntawm 1945 th xyoo, ob warring sab tau sab lim: lub hlwb thiab lub cev - thiab cov tub rog tylovikov, nqi - txhua lub teb chaws uas koom nyob rau hauv no ntshav sib ntaus. Ib tug surge ntawm tshiab zog nyob thaum nws twb tau pom zoo cia ib tug German counter-offensive nyob ze pas dej Balaton. Red Army rog cia wedged nyob rau hauv lub Nazi defenses, yuam Germans tos kho xws "qhov".

Qhov txaus ntshai rau lawv yog hais tias cov soviets ib foothold nyob rau hauv ib tug tshiab lem, yuav yog ib tug ntev lub sij hawm mus nco txog lub capture ntawm Hungary. Thiab yog hais tias nws poob lub teb chaws no, Austria, dhau lawm, yuav sai sai no yuav nyob rau hauv cov kev tswj ntawm Lavxias teb sab.

Thaum lub sij hawm no nyob rau hauv pem hauv ntej ntawm cov tub rog ntawm lub 2nd thiab 3rd Ukrainian fronts, muaj yog ib tug neeg ua hauj lwm - mus ua txhaum lub Germans nyob rau hauv lub cheeb tsam ntawm lub pas dej Balaton, tsis pub tshaj peb hlis ntuj 16.

Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm quab yuam peb UV tau mus rau ib tug crushing tshuab rau tus yeeb ncuab thiab los ntawm lub Plaub Hlis 15 th mus rau hauv lub kab ntawm Tulln, St. Poelten, neu lengby.

offensive kev pab

Txij li thaum lub liberation ntawm Vienna muaj kev cia siab tsis tau tsuas yog rau hais kom ua, tab sis zoo tib yam cov tub rog, yog npaj rau lub lag luam pib tam sim ntawd. Lub ntsiab tshuab tau muab cov tub rog ntawm lub Peb Ukrainian Pem hauv ntej. Kev nyuaj siab, muaj ntau yam casualties ntawm cov neeg thiab cov khoom siv, lawv pom lub dag lub zog los npaj rau tus nres.

kev sib ntaus los tsheb replenishment yog tsis xwb vim tau txais daim ntawv tshiab khoom, tab sis kuj ua tsaug rau cov tub rog uas tau zoo tu qab tso riam phom thaum twg ua tau.

Thaum lub sij hawm thaum lub lag luam pib lub liberation ntawm Vienna, nyob rau hauv lub arsenal ntawm lub koob thib 3 Ukrainian Pem hauv ntej yog:

• 18 phom loj sib cais;
• txog ob puas tso tsheb hlau luam thiab SAU (self-propelled artillery daim);
• ze li ntawm 4,000 cov phom thiab mortars.

Zuag qhia tag nrho kev ntsuam xyuas kev phais

Raws li twb tau hais, hais lus tiag tiag txog qhov yooj yim los yog cov teeb meem ntawm qhov kev txiav txim, peb yuav tsis tau. Nyob rau hauv ib tes, lub liberation ntawm Vienna nyob rau hauv 1945 - yog ib tug ntawm cov ceev tshaj plaws thiab brightest hauj lwm. Nyob rau lwm cov tes, nws yog ib tug tseem ceeb tib neeg thiab cov ntaub ntawv losses. Hais tias lub capture ntawm lub capital ntawm Austria yog tsuas, tsuas txo lub fact tias feem ntau ntawm cov lwm los nag twb txuam nrog ib tug ho ntau dua tib neeg losses.

Yuav luag instant nyem ntawm Vienna - tseem yog tus tshwm sim ntawm kev ntawm lub Soviet cov tub rog, vim hais tias lawv twb tau muab tawm kev vam meej capture tswvyim.

Tsis txhob hnov qab txog lub tshwj xeeb muaj ntsuj plig ntawm cov peb pab tub rog, uas kuj ua si ib tug tseem ceeb luag hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lub kev vam meej kev daws teeb meem ntawm lub tawm tsam rau lub Austrian capital. Cov tub rog muaj raws li ib tug yeej, thiab tuag nkees. Tab sis to taub hais tias txhua txhua kauj ruam rau pem hauv ntej - qhov no yog cov kev taw qhia rau ib tug thaum ntxov rov qab mus tsev, tsa tus ntsuj plig.

Paub tab ua ntej lub

Lub liberation ntawm Vienna, nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb, hnub rov qab mus rau lub ob hlis ntuj, thaum pib yuav tsum tau tsim variant cheb Hungary thiab ces muab nws ncaws tawm ntawm lub Nazis nyob rau hauv Vienna. Lub caij nyoog txoj kev npaj los ntawm Lub peb hlis ntuj, nruab nrab, thiab twb 26th ntawm lub tib lub hlis ua ntej lub Soviet offensive grouping (Lavxias teb sab thiab Romanian tub rog) tau tasked nrog - mus tua thiab coj tus kab-khoom nrog Pozba.

Nyob rau hauv lub yav tsaus ntuj ntawm lub hnub ntawm lub lag luam muaj tau ua tsuas yog cov. peb pab tub rog tau undergone ib tug ntau ntawm losses, tab sis txawm nyob rau hauv nightfall qhov hluav taws kub yog tsis quenched nyob rau hauv tsiv battles. Lub hnub tom qab, tus yeeb ncuab yog tau oust tus dej Nitra.

Red Army rog

Gradual zog lasted kom txog thaum lub Plaub Hlis 5 th (namely lub liberation ntawm Vienna los ntawm Soviet troops pib rau hnub ntawd). Thaum 7,00 am hnub pib nres rau ntawm Bratislava. Nws twb tau mus kawm los ntawm tus 25 phom loj Corps ntawm lub Red Army, 27 th tiv thaiv Tank Brigade thiab lub 2nd Tank tso kom muaj kab muaj kev Romanian. Tom qab ib tug grueling sib ntaus sib tua ntawm Bratislava tau lawm coj los ntawm tus kawg ntawm lub hnub.

Nyob rau hauv parallel, lub Soviet-Romanian troops pib mus hla tus dej Morava, txawm li cas los, nyob rau hauv sib piv rau lub capture ntawm lub nroog, lub txoj hauj lwm twb tsis tau ua nyob rau hauv tib lub sij hawm. Kom txog rau thaum lub Plaub Hlis 8 twb zos battles nyob rau hauv no pem hauv ntej, uas tiv thaiv kuj twj ywm transference mus rau lwm yam sab. Nyob rau hnub tim 9, lub hla tau ua tiav. Thaum peb teev, peb pab tub rog twb tau mus hla mus rau lwm yam sab. Cov tub rog tau ua ke nyob rau hauv Tsverndorfe mus rau tom qab txuas nrog rau ib tug neeg qhov chaw hauv lub 4-th tiv thaiv Plav Division.

Ntawm no tib tau kis 10 T-34 5 SU-76 thiab Romanian SAU thiab 15 tso tsheb hlau luam.

Force rau tus tiv thaiv ntawm lub capital ntawm Austria

Red Army rog confronted ib tug ncaj haib German pab pawg neeg. Yog li, lub liberation ntawm Vienna nyob rau hauv 1945 nws yuav tau nyob rau hauv lub zwj ceeb ntawm kov yeej:

• 8 thiab tank 1 infantry kev sib cais;
• 15 infantry battalion rau Volkssturm (taug kev nres);
• tag nrho cov neeg ua hauj lwm ntawm lub capital ntawm cov tub rog lub tsev kawm ntawv;
• tub ceev xwm, los ntawm uas tsim 4 tso kom muaj kab muaj kev (nws ntau tshaj li 6000 tus neeg).

Tsis tas li ntawd, tsis txhob hnov qab txog qhov kom zoo dua nyob rau sab ntawm Nazi tsaug rau nws cov natural resources. Sab hnub poob ntawm lub nroog twb them roob, sab hnub tuaj thiab sab qaum teb sab ntawm lub yuav luag insurmountable Danube thiab sab qab teb Germans ntxiv dag zog rau lub antitank kwj deg, ntau yam tiv thaiv, pillboxes, trenches, bunkers.

Vienna nws tus kheej twb cia crammed nrog thaum riam phom nyob rau hauv lub ruins, txoj kev yog partitioned tawm los ntawm barricades, thiab qub vaj tse yog ib tug zoo ntawm bastions.

npaj mus ntes

Objectively nrug muaj feem luj qhov teeb meem no thiab paub txog tias lub liberation ntawm Vienna los ntawm Soviet troops yuav tsis tau qhov uas yooj yim, F. I. Tolbuhin npaj xa shocks nrog 3 sab, yog li tsim ceeb ntawm cov commanders ntawm surprises. Peb tis tawm tsam twb raws li nram no:

1. 4 tiv thaiv tub rog ua ke nrog lub 1 tiv thaiv Corps twb nrua ntaus nyob rau sab qab teb-sab hnub tuaj.
2. Nyob rau hauv sab qab teb-sab hnub poob ntawm tus nres mus rau 6 tiv thaiv tub rog nrog lub 18th TC.
3. West, tsuas khiav tawm txiav tawm rau lwm cov rog.

Yog li, lub ntuj tiv thaiv yuav ua ib tug tuag cuab.

Nws tseem yog nqi sau cia tus cwj pwm ntawm cov Soviet cov tub rog mus rau tus nqi ntawm lub nroog: nws twb npaj kom txo tau cov kev cuam tshuam nyob rau hauv lub capital.

Lub hom phiaj tau pom zoo instantly. Kev ntes txoj hauj lwm thiab tu lub nroog yuav muaj tshwm sim uas xob ceev, yog hais tias tsis muaj zog kuj.

Thawj ib nrab offensive

5 hnub ntawm lub lag luam yog launched, uas ntawd kub ntev li kom txog thaum 13 Plaub Hlis Ntuj. Lub liberation ntawm Vienna cuaj kaum twb kuj sai sai thiab tsis muaj catastrophic tib neeg cov nqi, tab sis kuj taug kev xws fights yuav tsis muaj npe.

Thawj hnub tsis tau coj txoj kev vam meej ntawm lub Red Army nyob rau hauv qhov kev txiav txim vim tsiv kuj los ntawm German rog. Txawm tias cov active Soviet offensive, nce qib nyob scanty. Lub Nazis to taub hais tias lawv muaj tsis pom qhov twg khiav thiab tiv thaiv kom kawg.

6 ntawm lub Plaub Hlis sau tseg tsiv sib ntaus sib tua nyob ze lub nroog, nyob rau nws cov tuaj txog pem ntwg. Nyob rau hnub no, lub Soviet Army yog tau siv ntau, thiab nyob rau hauv rau yav tsaus ntuj, txawm mus rau lub sab hnub poob thiab sab qab teb suburbs, thiab ces pom koj tus kheej nyob rau hauv lub Viennese suburbs.

Tus lwm yam tis tau ua ib tug lug raws Alps thiab ploj mus rau thaj le caag, thiab ces mus rau lub Danube.

Cov kev nqis tes ua tau coj mus rau lub fact tias cov pab pawg neeg twb ncig los ntawm tus yeeb ncuab.

Tus capture ntawm lub nroog

Lub liberation ntawm Vienna los ntawm cov Nazis mus rau hauv ib qho active theem txij li thaum yav tsaus ntuj ntawm lub Plaub Hlis 7, thaum lub cai tis ntawm peb UV Pressbaum captures thiab tsiv ntxiv nyob rau hauv peb cov kev qhia: hnub poob, sab hnub tuaj thiab sab qaum teb.

Nyob rau lub 9 pib lub bloodiest ib feem ntawm lub capture. Tshwj xeeb kam mus rau lub Germans muaj txog Imperial choj, vim hais tias nws yuav txhais li cas noj ib tug tag nrho voj voog. Qhov kawg ntawm tus thib tsib hnub ntawm lub lag luam yog cim los ntawm qhov kev vam meej ntawm lub Red Army - lub grouping ntawm lub tus tsim txom yog nyob rau hauv lub nplhaib, txawm hais tias lub hauv paus departments tseem sim tua thiab tiv.

Nyob rau hnub tim 11 pib lub hla ntawm lub Danube kwj dej, raws li zoo raws li qhov tseeb battles, lub liberation ntawm Vienna los ntawm cov Nazis los mus rau qhov kawg.

Yuav kom nrog tus yeeb ncuab yog yooj yim, cov German garrison twb muab faib ua plaub qhov chaw, thiab ces neutralized.

Nws pib ntxuav tu ntawm lub nroog, uas tseem kom txog thaum lub Plaub Hlis 13 hmo. Nws yog ib qhov xov tooj thiab lom Liberation hnub nyob rau hauv Vienna.

Piv rau cov neeg hauv zos thiab nroog

Hais kom ua ntawm lub Soviet Army qhia tias peb hwm rau lub keeb kwm thiab kab lis kev cai ntawm lub Austrian capital. Pom ntawm no - rov hais dua rau cov pej xeem hauv Vienna nrog ib tug tsis txaus siab mus pab cov tub rog liab. Tus taw tes ntawm lub reinforcements nteg nyob rau hauv lub fact tias cov townspeople tau hais kom cia li tsis tawm hauv lawv lub vaj lub tsev tsis tau muab cov Germans rhuav lub tsev thiab ua puas lub monuments. Cov lus raug txais yuav nrog tej yam txaus siab.

Nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb, nws yog ib tug tswv yim zoo tawm, lub essence ntawm cov uas yog: yog hais tias koj xav tau kom pab koj - txuag tau ib tug neeg zoo rau lub plawv tshaj plaws. Tom qab xws li ib tug tshaj tawm Ameslikas nruab nrab cwj pwm ntawm Austrians hloov rau lub zoo dua, thiab thiaj li nws pib active kev koom tes.

Yeej nyob rau hauv lub zos no tau ua piv txwv txog, vim hais tias cov thawj yuav los ntawm lub Nazis lub teb chaws - Austria. Tsis pub dhau lub moj khaum ntawm lub tag nrho tsov ua rog, qhov kev tshwm sim cim pib ntawm lub kawg rau Nazi lub teb chaws Yelemees.

Union yeej

Thawj qhov uas yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg, hais lus rau lub sij hawm - yog kev puas tsuaj ntawm ib tug loj pawg ntawm Wehrmacht, tab sis lwm yam tshaj li hais tias, nws yuav tsum tau hais tias nyob rau hauv kev npaj rau lub lag luam yog kiag li liberated Hungary, uas pab rau cov tub rog ntawm lub 2nd thiab 3rd Ukrainian fronts. Txhua tus neeg tau txais ib tug puav pheej rau lub liberation ntawm Vienna.

Ces tus sab hnub tuaj cheeb tsam thiab capital twb tibneeg hu tauj coob.

Tsis tas li ntawd qheb kev rau Prague, uas ua rau nws ua tau rau sai sai txav mus rau pem hauv ntej.

Fwm lis kev cai thiab keeb kwm cuab yeej cuab tam ntawm ib qho ntawm cov zoo nkauj tshaj plaws capitals ntawm cov teb chaws Europe, raws li zoo raws li thaum pib ntawm lub restoration ntawm Vienna.

Austrian neeg yog cia ib tug neeg thov khawv tom qab lub tub sab, kev tso hoob pob thiab kev puas tsuaj, vim hais tias nyob rau hauv tib 1945 tau ua ib tug txiav txim siab los muab cov khoom noj pab rau cov cov pejxeem.

Poob rau Nazi lub teb chaws Yelemees

Raws li txoj kev poob rau Berlin, nws yog ib qhov tsis tswj ntawm cov loj tshaj plaws muaj chaw zov me nyuam ntawm Western teb chaws Europe - lub Vienna muaj cheeb tsam thiab poob lub sib ntaus sib tua rau Nadkanizhskoe roj teb. Yog tsis muaj nws, cov uas lwm tus roj fabrication nroj tsuag raug sab laug yam tsis muaj raw cov ntaub ntawv. Yog li, lub German poob muaj cov khoom, thiab hais kom tau yuam kom thim nws sib sib zog nqus mus rau hauv lub conquered territories, uas tso cai rau Soviet troops yuav tsiv mus nyob rau pem hauv ntej sai sai. Lub kuj muab tsuas infantry units, uas yuav tsis muab ib tug loj rebuff rau tus yeeb ncuab thaum nyob rau hauv lub shelling.

Yog ib tug tib hem thawj rau lub yeej ntawm lub teb chaws Yelemees, thiab raws li ib tug tshwm sim, lub swb ntawm Nazi pab tub rog.

Cov cwj pwm ntawm cov German hais kom yog devoid ntawm koob meej thiab meej mom. Cov tub rog muaj pov thawj rau lawv tus kheej raws li ib tug txim ntawm barbarians thiab vandals uas rhuav tshem cov feem ntau zoo nkauj thiab loj tshaj plaws nyob cathedrals ntawm lub nroog thiab sim tshuab lub siab tshaj plaws pes tsawg tus ntawm qhov chaw. Thiab tawm hauv lub nroog, lawv mined lub Imperial choj.

Nco thiab kev ua koob tsheej

Pib los ntawm 1945 nyob rau hauv Vienna txhua txhua xyoo nyob rau hauv lub Plaub Hlis 13 ua koomtxoos nco txog lub hnub ntawm liberation ntawm German invaders. Nyob rau ib lub ntawm txoj kev ntawm Vienna tsim lub Liberation Tsev khaws puav pheej.

Thiab nyob rau hauv lub hnub thaum lub nroog uas tus yeeb ncuab, 24 salvo ntawm peb puas phom twb muab nyob rau hauv Moscow. Tom qab ib lub sij hawm, nws twb txiav txim siab los tsim ib tug tshiab puav pheej rau cov neeg koom ntawm cov txheej xwm - lub puav pheej "Rau qhov liberation ntawm Vienna."

Niaj hnub no, nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd mus rau lub tsev khaws puav pheej, cov tsiv battles reminiscent ntawm lub monument rau tus poob cov tub rog nyob rau hauv lub Schwarzenbergplatz square, uas yog teev nyob rau hauv tib lub nyob rau hauv 1945 nyob rau thaum pib ntawm lub restoration ntawm lub nroog thiab rau tag nrho cov teb chaws. Nws yog tsim nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov sawv raws nraim fighter. Nyob rau hauv ib tes cov peeb zeej tuav ib tug banner, lwm muab rau cov ntaub thaiv npog nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov tsho tiv no ntawm caj npab hauv lub Soviet Union. Ib txhia cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov niaj hnub masters xim nyob rau hauv daj xim.

Noj peb caug no yeej, 50 tub rog uas txawv lawv tus kheej nyob rau hauv lub sib ntaus sib tua rau Vienna, twb muab tus saib xyuas lub npe ntawm "Vienna".