Limestone zog. Pob Zeb yog limestone. limestone mis

Limestone - ntuj pob zeb, uas yog ib tug mos mos txo organic los yog organo-tshuaj paus chiv keeb, muaj li mas ntawm calcium carbonate (calcite). Feem ntau nws muaj quartz impurity, phosphate, silica, av nplaum thiab xuab zeb hais thiab calcareous residues skeletons microorganisms. Nyob rau hauv no tsab xov xwm, peb yuav sib tham txog qhov no tej yam ntuj tso khoom, nws cov hom, lub zog thiab Scope ntawm daim ntawv thov, raws li tau zoo raws li nrhiav tau tawm yog dab tsi cov tshuaj mis ntawm limestone, thiab ntau ntxiv.

tsim limestone

Yuav pib, cia saib yuav ua li cas cov zaub mov raug tsim. Limestone yog tsuas yog tsim nyob rau hauv ib tug ntiav marine phiab, txawm hais tias muaj tseem yog dej tsis qab ntsev. Nws tshwm sim nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov deposits thiab khaubncaws sab nraud povtseg. Tej zaum nws precipitates, zoo li gypsum thiab ntsev los ntawm evaporating hiav txwv dej lagoons thiab pas dej. Txawm li cas los, lub ib thooj ntawm nws yog tso nyob rau hauv lub seas uas tsis tau dhau ib qho kev intensive kom qhuav. Tsim kom muaj feem ntau limestone pib nrog qhov kev sib cais uas muaj sia nyob los ntawm hiav txwv dej los tsim kom tau calcium carbonate shells thiab skeletons. Ntawm no yog cov seem tuag kab mob nyob rau hauv loj qhov ntau ntxiv nyob rau hauv lub seabed. Cov feem ntau cov tawm piv txwv ntawm cov nqi thiab txuam nrog ntawm calcium carbonate yog coral reefs. Yog li, nyob rau hauv tej rooj plaub, nyob rau ib so limestone ib tug neeg zoo li yuav pom. Nyob rau hauv tus ntawm lub hiav txwv currents thiab los ntawm tej yam uas cov tsis thiab surf reef so. Thiab nyob rau hauv lub seabed rau accrue khib nyiab limestone calcium carbonate, uas precipitates los ntawm cov nyeem dej lawv. Tsis tas li ntawd nyob rau hauv cov kev kawm ntawv ntawm cov tub ntxhais limestone pob zeb muab kev koom tes calcium, uas los ntawm lub puam tsuaj ancient pob zeb.

hom

Muaj ntau ntau yam ntawm limestone. Coquina hu ua pawg neeg zoo li thiab lawv tawg tsam, cemented nyob rau hauv ib tug honeycomb tsim. Nyob rau hauv lub rooj plaub uas lub plhaub muaj ib tug heev me me luaj li cas, tsim mos mos, dim de ua ke, pleev finely crumbling limestone - cwj mem av dawb. Oolitic pob zeb muaj me me quav, hais txog qhov loj ntawm lub ntses qe yog cemented khoom. Cov tub ntxhais ntawm txhua yuav sawv cev los ntawm ib tug fragment ntawm lub plhaub, tej grain ntawm xuab zeb los yog lwm yam txawv teb chaws cov ntaub ntawv uas particle. Nyob rau hauv lub rooj plaub thaum lub hlaws loj, xws li taum mog, lawv hu ua pizolitami thiab tsiaj, ntsig txog, pizolitovym limestone. Lwm variant yog travertine - nws yog tsim rau ntawm qhov chaw thaum lub sij hawm los nag ntawm calcite los yog aragonite carbonic dej qhov chaw. Yog hais tias cov nyiaj no mas ntxeem tau substrate (daim ntaub), nws yog hu ua tuff. Unconsolidated sib tov ntawm av nplaum thiab calcium carbonate yuav hu ua marl.

Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, lub limestone yuav txawv thiab xim. Basic xim - dawb. Tab sis nws kuj yuav daj, lub teeb beige, lub teeb grey, yam tsawg kawg - me ntsis pinkish. Dawb-liab thiab dawb-daj pob zeb yog suav hais tias yog feem ntau tseem ceeb.

limestone mis

Raws li hais ua ntej lawm, qhov no tej yam ntuj tso khoom no yog muaj li mas ntawm calcite los yog calcite seem ntawm skeletons thiab zoo li, tsis tshua ntawm aragonite. Yog li ntawd limestone mis yuav ua tau li nram no: CaCO _3. Txawm li cas los, ntshiab tsiaj yog tsis tshua muaj tsis tshua muaj, nyob rau hauv tej zaum nws muaj xws li ntau yam impurities ntawm quartz, av nplaum minerals, dolomite, gypsum, pyrite thiab, ntawm chav kawm, organic seem. Yog li, dolomitic limestone (Formula no ib yam tsiaj muaj xws li MgO) muaj los ntawm plaub mus rau kaum xya feem pua magnesium oxide, marly - mus txog rau 21 feem pua ntawm acidic oxides (SiO ₂ + R ₂ O _3). Muaj pes tsawg leeg tej zaum yuav muaj carbonate dolomite CaMg (CO _{3) 2,} FeCO _3, MnCO _3, thiab, nyob rau hauv me nqi - oxides, sulfides thiab hydroxides ntawm Fe, Ca ₃ (PO _{4) 2,} CaSO _4.

Limestone: Properties thiab cov kev siv

Physico-mechanical thaj chaw ntawm lub pob zeb yog cov tsis tshua ua kev, txawm li cas los, nyob ntawm seb ncaj qha rau nws cov kev ntxhib los mos thiab cov qauv. High tsev kawm ntawv cov menyuam uas xav thaj chaw ntawm limestone (Qib 4) los ntawm txoj hauj lwm ntawm nws sab nraud yam ntxwv. Lawv kawm cov nram qab no tsis: xim, ceev, lub zog, lub xeev, solubility. Peb mus ib me ntsis ntxiv thiab xav txog nyob rau hauv ntau dua tob zog ntawm cov zaub mov. Limestone muaj ib tug ntom nyob rau hauv cov kab 2700-2900 kg / m ^3. Qhov no fluctuation yog vim tus nqi ntawm cov impurities muaj quartz, dolomite thiab lwm yam minerals. Tej ceev hloov nyob rau hauv ib tug loj npaum li cas ntau yam. Yog li ntawd, travertine thiab plhaub nws tsuas yog 800 kg / m ^3, thaum lub crystalline pob zeb nce mus txog 2800 kg / m ^3. Xav lub thaj chaw ntawm limestone, nws yuav tsum tau borne nyob rau hauv lub siab hais tias cov compressive zog ntawm pob zeb nyob rau ntawm nws lub loj ceev. Yog li ntawd plhaub pob zeb nws tsuas yog 0.4 MPa, thiab nyob afanitov nce 300 MPa. Qhov saum toj no cov yam ntxwv txiav txim siab yug thiab siv cov ntaub ntawv. Piv txwv li, nyob rau hauv kev tsim kho ntawm ntau compact limestone siv nyob rau hauv masonry phab ntsa thiab ntxeem tau yog zoo rau ob sab phlu thiab tsim hniav ntaus uake.

Cawv ntawm kev nyab xeeb

Nyob ntawm seb cov av noo theem ntawm limestone zog tej zaum yuav txawv. Qhov no feem ntau raug rau nws lub zog - nws yog markedly txo yog tias ntub pob zeb. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, feem ntau ntawm cov deposits muaj ib tug tov yug. Thaum no tus taw tes koj yuav tsum them tshwj xeeb mloog, vim hais tias ntawm lub inhomogeneous khoom yuav sib txawv rau cov ceev, uas nyob rau hauv lem yuav ua tau kom puas tsuaj. Ntsuam xyuas cov thaj chaw ntawm limestone yuav tsum tsis txhob tsis saib tsis xyuas, thiab tsis xws li te kuj: qhov no zoo heev muaj feem xyuam rau cov mineral zog thiab ntev ntawm nws siv. Yog li ntawd, crystalline limestones te yog 300-400 mus. Txawm li cas los, qhov no xam yog significantly txo nyob rau hauv lub xub ntiag ntawm tej kab nrib pleb thiab pores nyob rau hauv cov khoom. Yog li, tag nrho cov saum toj no thaj chaw ntawm limestone yog tsim nyog los xav txog kev siv ntawm no tej yam ntuj tso khoom, nyob rau hauv thiaj li yuav tiv thaiv tau nws kev puas tsuaj.

Limestone rau kev tsim kho

Cov kev siv kev lag luam yog ib tug loj cov neeg siv ntawm mineral kev pab ua ntej peb. Dolomitic (pob zeb) limestone yog siv rau zus tau tej cov putty thiab plaster mixtures, sealants thiab lwm yam. Travertine yog siv nyob rau hauv loj loj ntau nyob rau hauv lub xov thiab kho kom zoo nkauj ntawm cov vaj tse. Coquina yog feem ntau pom raws li lub tsev blocks, thiab hais txog. D. Peb yuav tsis siab rau qhov kev lag luam, thiab nws yog zoo li ntawd lub npe hu mus rau tag nrho. Thiab yog li ntawd mus ntxiv.

Limestone nyob rau hauv niaj hnub muaj ntau lawm

Nws hloov tawm hais tias qhov no tej yam ntuj tso khoom siv nyob rau hauv qhuav ntawm cov xim tsev, rubbers thiab yas. A lim ntawm impurities teeb meem rau tib neeg lub cev, yog siv txawm nyob rau hauv cov zaub mov kev lag luam. Qhuav ntawm cov iav yog tsis tau tsis tau limestone, vim hais tias nws yog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm calcium. Qhov no ib yam tsiaj tau ua indispensable, thiab feem ntau cov tseem ceeb - pheej yig tivthaiv rau zus tau tej cov ntawv. Nyob rau hauv lub neej txhua hnub peb tas li siv cov khoom xws li cov kav dej, linoleum, pobzeb, vuas, thiab lwm yam .., Thiab twb tsis muaj lub tswv yim tias tag nrho cov khoom yog tseem tam sim no limestone. Txawm zus tau tej cov yas (PP, PVC, krempleny, lavsan, thiab lwm yam) yuav tsis ua li cas tsis no raw khoom. Lub inks siv calcium carbonate raws li ib tug coloring xim. Raws li koj tau pom, qhov no cov ntaub ntawv uas muaj ib tug uas txoj hauj lwm nyob rau hauv yuav luag tag nrho cov lag luam.

tshuaj lag luam

Txawm tej yam xws li txhuam khau, tshuaj txhuam hniav, scouring hmoov, thiab thiaj li nyob., Uas peb siv nyob rau hauv ib tug txhua txhua hnub, yog muab tau los ntawm limestone. Cov raw cov ntaub ntawv siv nyob rau hauv qhov siv thiab ua cov tshuaj siv los tiv thaiv cov ib puag ncig los ntawm cov pa phem ntawm ntau hom. Raws li cov foregoing, peb yuav xyuam xim hais tias ib tug zoo-paub thiab npaj meej muaj nyob cov khoom uas yog limestone, yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas niaj hnub civilization.

nthuav lus tseeb

Ib tug poj koob pab mus rau txoj kev loj hlob ntawm cov pob zeb carving ua tus neeg ntawm sab qab teb thiab Central America. Olmecs, Aztecs, Mayans tau ua muaj kev nruam ntej nyob rau hauv lub peev xwm tsim chalcedony, obsidian thiab silicon steel, tej cuab yeej thiab lwm yam khoom hauv tsev. Yog li ntawd, dov pins, graters, mortars thiab kom lawv tsim basalt, sandstone thiab limestone. Drums thiab chopping cuab yeej ua los ntawm diorite, jade, jade thiab lwm yam ntaub ntawv. Mas rau pob zeb ua chaw yog lub nroog ntawm lub Maya - Lub fineness thiab Nebaj.