Lead nitrate. Tshuaj zog, siv cov

Lead nitrate - yog ib tug inorganic compound muaj raws li nram no: Muaj Pb (NO3) 2. Nyob rau hauv lub qub xeev yog ib tug dawb hmoov los yog tsis muaj kob muaju. Qhov no tshuaj yog heev soluble nyob rau hauv cov dej.

lub zog

1. Nws yog zoo soluble nrog haum ntawm tshav kub mus rau hauv H2O (dej), tsis zoo - nyob rau hauv acetone, raws li zoo raws li methyl thiab ethyl alcohols.
2. Nws Cov ntaub ntawv tsis muaj kob muaju diamagnetic, ceev 4,530 g / santimetr³. Txhua atom Pb (lead) surrounded los ntawm kaum ob atoms ntawm O (oxygen). Pb-O daim ntawv cog lus ntev ntawm 0,281 nm, thiab tsis muaj - 0.127 nm. Yog nyhav system. Pa3 belongs rau lub chaw pab pawg neeg. kuj monoclinic daim ntawv twb tau tsuas yog nyhav hom hais tias txawm thaum rhuab tsis zoo soluble nyob rau hauv H2O (dej).
3. Lead melting kub ntawm 600,65 K.

Yuav ua li cas kom tau cov hlau lead nitrate

Qhov no tshuaj yog tsis pom nyob rau hauv cov xwm. Yog li ntawd, cov neeg tau tsim ib co kev (muaj thiab kuaj), uas yog txo mus rau lub xaus ntawm cov hlau lead (Pb), nws hydroxide los yog oxide nyob rau hauv nta nitric acid. tshua:
3Pb (lead) + 8HNO3 (nitric acid) = 3Pb (NO3) 2 (lead nitrate) + 2NO (nitric oxide yog tso tawm raws li gas) + 4H2O (dej);
PbO (lead oxide) + 2HNO3 (nitric acid) = Pb (NO3) 2 (lead nitrate) + H2O (dej);
Pb (OH) 2 (lead hydroxide) + 2HNO3 (nitric acid) = Pb (NO3) 2 (lead dinitrate) + 3H2O (dej).

Nyob rau hauv thiaj li yuav suppress lub hydrolysis thiab txo lub solubility ntawm cov hlau lead dinitrate nitric acid yuav tsum raug coj mus rau tshaj.

Tsis tas li ntawd, ua dinitrate tau raws li ib tug byproduct nyob rau hauv lub purification ntawm pov tseg acid, nitric acid, e.g., thaum khiav pov tseg lead-Bismuth factories. Tom qab, cov compound yog siv rau cyanide leaching ntawm kub.

Yuav ua li cas yog cov tshuaj zog muaj hmoov taug txhuas nitrate

1. Nyob rau hauv ib tug aqueous tov ntawm hmoov txhuas nitrate dissociates rau hauv anions nitrate thiab txhuas cations. Ntawm no yog dab tsi no cov tshuaj tiv thaiv:

Pb (NO3) 2 (lead dinitrate) = Pb2 + (lead ntawv) + 2NO3- (nitrogen oxide anion)

Cov tshuaj yog hydrolyzed lead dinitrate. Thaum ib tug dhau heev lawm ntau npaum li cas nitratokompleksy NO3- yog ua: [Pb (NO3) 6] 3-, [Pb (NO3) 4] 2 thiab [Pb (NO3) 3] -. Yog hais tias lub pH ntawm cov tshuaj nce, qhov tshwm sim yog tsim gidronitraty Pb (OH) x (NO3) y nce mus nce los muaj pes tsawg leeg. Ib txhia ntawm lawv nyob rau tib lub sij hawm cais nyob rau hauv lub khoom hauv lub xeev.

2. Txij thaum dinitrate lead yog soluble compound, nws tseem tau mus muab tau cov nram qab no pauv cov tshuaj tiv thaiv:

2HCl (hydrochloric acid) + Pb (NO3) 2 = PbCl2 (lead chloride precipitates) + 2HNO3 (nitric acid);
H2SO4 (sulfuric acid) + Pb (NO3) 2 = PbSO4 (lead sulfate precipitates) + 2HNO3 (nitric acid);
Pb (NO3) 2 (lead nitrate) + 2NaOH (Sodium hydroxide) = Pb (OH) 2 (lead hydroxide precipitates) + 2NaNO3 (sodium nitrate);
Pb (NO3) 2 + 2NaN3 (sodium azide) = Pb (N3) 2 (lead azide, precipitates) + 2NaNO3 (sodium nitrate).

Tej tshuaj compound muaj ib tug ua ntawv (Pb + 2) yuav hnov mob nrog cov tshuaj nyob rau hauv uas lub anion yog iodide. Qhov no tas ib precipitate daj-txiv kab ntxwv xim (Pbl2, ua iodide). Nws zoo li no cov tshuaj tiv thaiv:

Pb2 + + 2l- = Pbl2 (pellet)

Cov tib pauv cov tshuaj tiv thaiv nyob rau hauv cov khoom theem. Piv txwv li:

Pb (NO3) 2 + 2Kl (poov tshuaj) = Pbl2 (precipitates) + 2KNO3 (poov tshuaj nitrate)

Cov kev siv ntawm cov hlau lead nitrate

- siv raws li ib tug pib cov ntaub ntawv uas rau zus tau tej cov feem ntau ntawm cov lwm yam sib txuas ntawm Pb (lead);
- raws li ib tug inhibitor ntawm nylon polymers thiab lwm yam polyesters, raws li ib tug rodenticide, nyob rau hauv coatings ntawv fototermograficheskoy;
- raws li cov hlau lead nitrate - yog dovolno tej tebchaw nyob rau hauv tus muaj sector yog tam sim no siv lwm tebchaw. Piv txwv li, nyob rau hauv qhov siv thiab ua cov xim tsev, ntais ntawv thiab foob pob hluav taws kiag uas lead tebchaw.
- nyob rau hauv txoj kev kuaj ntawm cov hlau lead nitrate yog siv raws li ib tug zoo thiab yooj yim qhov chaw ntawm dinitrogen tetroxide;
- kuj nyuam qhuav nyob rau hauv heev tsawg qhov ntau ntawm ib tug tshuaj compound siv nyob rau hauv kub cyanidation.
- nyob rau hauv Organic Science News for KIDS, Pb (NO3) 2 yog siv raws li lub oxidant, kom tau ib tug dithiocarbamate ntawm isothiocyanates. nws vim nws cov high toxicity yog siv tsawg tsawg.

kev nyab xeeb

Lead nitrate yog dej num raws li qeb 2A (tej zaum carcinogenic rau tib neeg compound). Tsis tsim nyog nqus tau pa tshuaj lom pa taws los yog nws haus thiab kev sib cuag nrog cov tawv nqaij los yog mucosa. lead dinitrate yuav tsum tau khaws cia nyob rau hauv kev tswj. Tshuaj lom nrog no compound ua rau lom, gliomas thiab raum mob cancer, lub hlwb thiab lub ntsws.