Krymskaya xaiv yaam offensive lag luam. Krymskaya lag luam (1944): lub dag zog thiab muaj pes tsawg leeg sab

Cov ceg av qab teb ntawm Crimea txhua lub sij hawm rau thawj lub ntawm Lavxias teb sab faj tim teb chaws thiab tom qab lub USSR yog tus xaiv yaam chaw nyob rau hauv lub dub hiav txwv. Lag luam Crimea yog qho tseem ceeb heev rau cov uas cov tub rog liab, thiab nyob rau tib lub sij hawm, Hitler paub hais tias yog muab ceg av qab teb, tsis tau tag nrho cov Dub hiav txwv. Tsiv sib ntaus sib tua coj qhov chaw ntau tshaj li ib lub hlis thiab tau nyob rau hauv lub yeej ntawm lub Nazis defenders.

ua ntej phais

Txij li thaum lub kawg ntawm 1942 - pib ntawm 1943, thaum lub sij hawm ob ntiaj teb rog muaj ib tug radical hloov: yog hais tias tus tub rog liab retreated rau no, tam sim no nws mus nyob rau hauv offensive. Lub sib ntaus sib tua ntawm Stalingrad yog tag nrho cov kev txom nyem ntawm lub tag nrho Wehrmacht. Nyob rau hauv lub caij ntuj sov ntawm 1943 muaj ib tug sib ntaus sib tua ntawm lub Kursk su, hu ua nyob rau hauv lub keeb kwm ntawm cov loj tshaj plaws tank sib ntaus sib tua nyob rau hauv uas Soviet rog leeg outplayed lub Nazis coj lawv nyob rau hauv ib tug pincer zog, tom qab uas lub Peb Reich twb ibtxhi. Cov generals qhia rau Hitler uas lub txuas ntxiv ntawm cov tub rog txiav txim yuav meaningless. Txawm li cas los, nws kom mus sawv ntsug thiab tuav txoj hauj lwm kom txog thaum tsis ntev los no.

Crimean lag luam yog ib tug continuation ntawm lub glorious tau ntawm lub Red Army. Tom qab Nizhnedneprovsk offensive 17th German pab tub rog raug daig nyob rau hauv lub Crimean ceg av qab teb, tsis muaj tus tau replenishment thiab qhov cuab lub zog. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, lub Soviet troops tswj mus txeeb ib tug xis foothold nyob rau hauv lub Kerch cheeb tsam. Dua German hais kom ua ib zaug dua qhia txog cov hopelessness uas qhov teeb meem no nyob rau hauv pem hauv ntej. Nrog kev xav txog cov Crimea, tshwj xeeb yog cov generals hais tias tsis muaj tau ntawm av reinforcements lawv nyob twj ywm muaj rau tej yam kev tuag nyob rau hauv ntxiv kuj. Hitler tsis xav li ntawd - nws twb txiav txim kom tus tiv thaiv ntawm no tseem ceeb xaiv yaam taw tes. Nws piav qhov no los ntawm hais tias nyob rau hauv cov kev tshwm sim ntawm lub Crimea, Romania thiab Bulgaria yuav tsum mus rau txoj kev nrog lub teb chaws Yelemees. Qhov kev txiav txim tau muab, tab sis yog dab tsi yog tus cwj pwm zoo tib yam cov tub rog mus no thiab nyob rau hauv kev mus ua rog, thaum lawv pib mus rau Crimean phiaj los nqis tes?

Ua tsov ua rog theorists feem ntau hais lus xwb hais txog qhov nqi koj tshuav ntawm rog ntawm lub tawm tsam sab thiab lawv cov tswv yim, tawm tswv yim los ntawm thaum pib ntawm lub sib ntaus sib tua lub sib ntaus sib tua raws li ib tug tag nrho, tsuas suav cov tub rog cov khoom thiab qhov luaj li cas ntawm cov neeg tua hluav taws.

Meanwhile, cov kws ntseeg tau hais tias yog hais tias tsis decisive, nws plays ib qho tseem ceeb luag hauj lwm sib ntaus sib tua ntsuj plig. Thiab yog dab tsi nrog nws nyob rau hauv ob qho tib si sab?

Lub morale ntawm lub Red Army

Yog hais tias thaum pib ntawm tsov rog lub morale ntawm Soviet cov tub rog yog haum uas tsis muaj, nyob rau hauv lub chav kawm ntawm cov kev ua ub, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog tom qab Stalingrad, nws tau zus incredibly. Tam sim no nws yog lub Red Army nyob rau hauv kev sib ntaus rau yeej. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd rau qhov no, peb pab tub rog, Tsis zoo li cov thawj lub hlis ntawm tsov rog, tau tawv nyob rau hauv nqe ntaus rog thiab hais kom kis tau tus tsim nyog kev. Tag nrho cov no ua ke tau muab peb lub tag nrho cov kev pab ntawm lub occupiers.

Lub morale ntawm lub German-Romanian tub rog

Thaum pib ntawm lub ntiaj teb no ua tsov ua rog II German tub rog tshuab yog tsis paub swb. Tsawg tshaj li ob lub xyoos nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws Yelemees muaj kev tswj kom ntes yuav luag tag nrho cov ntawm cov teb chaws Europe, tuaj rau tus ciam teb ntawm lub USSR. Lub morale ntawm cov tub rog ntawm lub Wehrmacht yog nyob rau hauv lub qhov siab. Lawv xav hais tias lawv tus kheej invincible. Thiab mus rau lub tom ntej no sib ntaus sib tua, twb yog peb tsis paub ua ntej tias nws yuav kov yeej.

Txawm li cas los, nyob rau hauv lig 1941, cov Nazis thawj tau ntsib loj kuj nyob rau hauv lub sib ntaus sib tua rau Moscow. Thaum lub sij hawm kontroperatsii Red Army txawb lawv los ntawm lub nroog mus rau ib tug deb ntawm ntau tshaj 200 km. Nws yog ib tug tshuab mus rau lawv tus kheej thiab, tseem ceeb tshaj, lawv morale.

Qhov no yog ua raws li Stalingrad, Kurskaia sib ntaus sib tua txhob blockade Leningrad pib Crimean xaiv yaam offensive lag luam. Lub Peb Reich twb retreating rau tag nrho cov fronts. Sib nrug los ntawm lub fact tias cov German cov tub rog yeej ib tug los ntawm ib tug, lawv yog tsuas nkees ntawm tsov rog. Yuav ua li cas yuav peb kho lawv tog twg los, tab sis lawv yog cov neeg ib yam nkaus thiab, lawv twb tsev neeg, uas lawv hlub thiab xav kom tau rov qab mus tsev. Rau lawv, ntsuj rog no tsis xav tau. Lub morale yog nyob rau hauv xoom.

Rog ntawm ob tog. USSR

Crimean lag luam tau ua ib tug ntawm cov loj tshaj plaws nyob rau hauv lub Great Patriotic ua tsov ua rog. Lub Red Army twb sawv cev los ntawm:

• 4 Ukrainian pem hauv ntej, uas txib F. I. Tolbuhin. Nws muaj lub 51st Army nyob rau hauv Ya. G. Kreyzera; 2nd tiv thaiv tub rog nyob rau hauv lub G. F. Zaharova; 8 Cua Army, txib los ntawm T. T. Hryukina thiab 19 Panzer Corps, chiv yog nyob rau hauv qhov hais kom ua I. D. Vasileva, uas twb tom qab hloov los ntawm IA hnia.
• Independent Nqaum Army, ua nyob rau hauv raws li General AI Eremenko, tab sis qhov hais kom ua ntawm 15.04.1944 nws twb muab tso rau hauv K. S. Melnika, uas yog ib tug lieutenant-general ntawm cov tub rog.
• Dub hiav txwv Fleet, txib los ntawm Admiral FS Oktyabrsky
• 361-m ib tug neeg radiodivizionom Sevastopol.
• Azov Flotilla, coj los ntawm Tsheb Admiral Gorshkovym S. G.

Rog ntawm ob tog. Lub teb chaws Yelemees, Romania

Kws muaj txuj ci yuav cov ceg av qab teb tau txais kev pab raws li lub 17th Wehrmacht pab tub rog. On May 1, 1944 nws tau muab rau hauv lub txib ntawm General Corps Karl Allmendinger. Cov tub rog tau muaj li ntawm 7 Romanian thiab 5 German pawg. Lub ntsiab lub tsev hauv paus yog nyob rau hauv lub nroog ntawm Simferopol.

Crimean lag luam nyob rau ib feem ntawm lub Wehrmacht nyob rau hauv lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav ntawm 1944 yog ntawm ib tug defensive xwm. Territorially defensive tswv yim ntawm cov Wehrmacht yuav tau muab faib mus rau 4 qhov chaw:

1. North. Qhov hais kom ua ntawm cov rog twb nyob rau hauv Dzhankoy, muaj concentrated thiab reserves. Muaj ob tsim tau teem:

• 49th Roob Corps: 50, 111, 336 th infantry Division, lub 279th Brigade ntawm quab yuam riam phom;
• 3 Romanian cavalry corps muaj cavalry 9, 10 thiab 19 infantry pawg.

2. West. Tag nrho cov ntug dej hiav txwv los ntawm Sevastopol rau Perekopa zov ob tug regiments ntawm lub 9 Romanian li hlau railings Division.

3. East. Cov txheej xwm coj qhov chaw nyob rau hauv lub Kerch ceg av qab teb. Ntawm no defended:

• 5 Corps (73th thiab 98th infantry division, brigade 191 phem phom);
• 6 cavalry thiab koob thib 3 Roob infantry cov kev faib Romanian.

4. South. Tag nrho cov yav qab teb ntug dej hiav txwv los ntawm Sevastopol rau Feodosiya patrolled thiab defended 1 Romanian Roob Corps.

Raws li ib tug tshwm sim, cov rog tau feeb meej nyob rau hauv cov nram qab no txoj kev: lub sab qaum teb lawv - 5 kev sib cais, Kerch - 4 kev sib cais, sab qab teb thiab sab hnub poob ntug dej hiav txwv ntawm lub Crimea - 3 pawg.

Crimean lag luam twb launched precisely nyob rau hauv xws arrangement sib ntaus sib tua lub tebchaw.

Qhov nqi koj tshuav ntawm rog ntawm lub tawm tsam sab

lub dag lub zog	USSR	Lub teb chaws Yelemees, Romania
neeg	462400	195000
Artillery thiab mortars	5982	txog 3600
Tso Tsheb Hlau Luam thiab nws tus kheej-propelled phom	559	215
dav hlau	1250	148

Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, cov tub rog liab muaj 322 yam khoom ntawm cov khoom ntawm cov rog. Cov nuj nqis qhia ib tug tseem ceeb hais txog zauv superiority ntawm lub Soviet Army. Qhov no hais kom ua ntawm lub Wehrmacht qhia rau Hitler nyob rau hauv thiaj li yuav tau kev tso cai mus rau depart seem nyob rau hauv lub blockade rog.

kev pab them nqi ntawm ob tog

Lub soviets pom nyob rau hauv Crimea, thiab tsuas yog nyob rau hauv Sevastopol, lub ntsiab hauv paus ntawm lub Dub hiav txwv Fleet. Nrog rau cov tau txais daim ntawv ntawm no kwv nyob rau hauv nws cov kev siv ntawm cov Soviet rog yuav yog ntau yooj yim thiab ntau ntse nqa tawm qhov kev txiav txim ntawm lub hiav txwv, uas yog tsim nyog rau ntxiv advancement ntawm pab tub rog.

Lub teb chaws Yelemees yog kuj zoo paub txog qhov Crimea rau tag nrho cov nqi koj tshuav ntawm lub hwj chim. Hitler paub hais tias lub Crimean offensive xaiv yaam lag luam yuav ua rau koj tsis ntawm no tseem ceeb heev bridgehead. Ntxiv mus, Adolf feem ntau qhia tsis tau curb lub Red Army nyob rau hauv cheeb tsam no. Feem ntau cov yuav, nws twb paub cov hopelessness uas qhov teeb meem no, tab sis nws tsis muaj lwm yam xav txog kev teem. Hitler muab qhov kev txiav txim los mus tiv thaiv cov ceg av qab teb rau tus txiv neej kawg, nyob rau hauv txhua rooj plaub, tsis txhob noj nws lub USSR. Nws ntseeg Crimea dag zog yuam uas restrains phoojywg xws li Romania, Bulgaria thiab Qaib Cov Txwv yog ze rau lub teb chaws Yelemees, thiab txoj kev poob ntawm qhov khoom, yuav ua rau koj tsis them nyiaj yug cov phoojywg.

Yog li, lub Crimea yog qho tseem ceeb heev rau lub Soviet pab tub rog. Rau lub teb chaws Yelemees, nws yog tseem ceeb heev.

Pib Crimean offensive

Red Army zoo yog simultaneous loj heev tej yam nrog rau sab qaum teb (los ntawm Syvash thiab Perekopa) thiab sab hnub tuaj (Kerch) raws li kev qhia kev xaiv yaam chaw zov me nyuam - Simferopol thiab Sebastopol. Tom qab ntawd, cov yeeb ncuab yuav tsum tau muab phua rau hauv tej pawg neeg nyias, thiab yuav ua kom puas, kom tsis txhob tau khiav tawm mus Romania.

Nyob rau hnub tim 3, lub Soviet pab tub rog, siv nws hnyav artillery, rhuav tseg cov yeeb ncuab tej chaw tiv thaiv. 7 Plaub Hlis Ntuj, nyob rau hauv lub yav tsaus ntuj, reconnaissance, uas paub tseeb hais tias qhov chaw ntawm cov yeeb ncuab rog lawm. Plaub Hlis Ntuj 8 Crimean lag luam pib. Ob hnub ntawm lub Soviet cov tub rog nyob hauv ib lub tsiv sib ntaus sib tua. Raws li ib tug tshwm sim ntawm cov yeeb ncuab defenses tau breached. Nyob rau hnub tim 11, lub 19 Panzer Corps ua tau zoo nyob rau hauv cov xub sim mus txeeb Dzhankoy - ib qho ntawm lub tsev hauv paus ntawm tus yeeb ncuab rog. German thiab Romanian txoj kev hwm thiab paub ntshai puag ncig pib khiav rov qab los ntawm sab qaum teb thiab sab hnub tuaj (Kerch) rau Simferopol thiab Sebastopol.

Nyob rau tib hnub ntawd lub Soviet pab tub rog ntes Kerch, ces nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov cheeb tsam ntawm kev tsim txom ntawm lub retreating yeeb ncuab nrog aviation. Wehrmacht tub rog pib khiav los ntawm hiav txwv, tab sis Dub hiav txwv Fleet rog rog tau lub neeg khiav tsev hlab ntsha, uas ua rau ib tug fascist phooj ywg rog tau poob 8.100 neeg.

Plaub Hlis Ntuj 13 raug tso tawm hauv lub nroog Simferopol, Feodosia, Saki, Yevpatoria. Hnub tom qab ntawd - Sudak, hnub tom qab ntawd - Alushta. Crimean lag luam nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no ua tsov ua rog II tuaj mus rau qhov kawg. Qhov teeb meem tsuas yog Sevastopol.

pab guerrillas

Ib tug cais npe ntawm kev sib tham yog ib tug guerrilla thiab clandestine ua ub no ntawm Crimean. Crimean hauj lwm, nyob rau hauv luv luv, yog txoj kev sib sau ntawm cov tub rog thiab cov guerrillas ua tau raws li ib lub hom phiaj. Raws li kev kwv yees, muaj yog ib tug tag nrho ntawm txog 4,000 tus neeg. Lub hom phiaj ntawm lawv ua hauj lwm yog kev puas tsuaj ntawm cov yeeb ncuab rear, subversion, qhib kev sib txuas lus thiab railways, pawg ua nyob rau lub roob txoj kev. Lub guerrillas tsoo ua hauj lwm ntawm Yalta chaw nres nkoj, uas zoo heev nyuab cov kev khiav tawm ntawm German thiab Romanian tub rog. Sib nrug los ntawm undermining lub aim ntawm qhov kev ua ub no ntawm cov guerrillas tau tiv thaiv kev puas tsuaj rau kev lag luam, thauj tuam txhab uas muag thiab chaw.

Ntawm no yog ib tug piv txwv ntawm ib tug active guerrilla kev ua si. Plaub Hlis Ntuj 11, thaum lub sij hawm tawm ntawm lub 17th Army ntawm lub Wehrmacht nyob rau hauv Sevastopol, lub guerrillas seized lub nroog ntawm Stary Krym, nrog cov uas txiav txoj kev mus rau Retreat.

Kurt Tippelskirch - General ntawm lub Wehrmacht - lub xeem hnub ntawm lub battles piav nyob rau hauv cov nram qab no txoj kev: lub guerrillas thaum lub sij hawm lub lag luam muaj kev koom koom nrog cov Soviet troops thiab los pab lawv.

Sevastopol Sturm

By Plaub Hlis Ntuj 15, 1944, Soviet troops mus txog lub ntsiab hauv paus - Sevastopol. Npaj tau pib rau tus quab yuam. Los ntawm lub sij hawm lub lag luam tau ua tiav Odessa, uas yog muaj raws li ib feem ntawm lub Dnieper-Carpathian. Odessa (thiab Crimean) lag luam, thaum lub sij hawm uas tus sab qaum teb thiab sab qaum teb-western ntug dej hiav txwv ntawm lub Dub hiav txwv tau raug tso tawm, ua ib tug tseem ceeb pab rau lub yeej.

Thawj ob cov me nyuam no mus txeeb lub nroog ntawm lub 19th thiab lub 23rd twb hai. Nws pib regrouping ntawm rog, raws li zoo raws li mov ntawm kev cai, roj thiab mos txwv.

Tej zaum 7, 10:30, nrog loj heev huab cua them nyiaj yug, nyob rau saum lub fortified koog tsev kawm ntawv ntawm Sevastopol. On May 9, lub Red Army los ntawm sab hnub tuaj, sab qaum teb thiab sab qab teb-sab hnub tuaj nkag mus hauv lub nroog. Sevastopol tau tso! Qhov seem troops ntawm lub Wehrmacht pib thim rov qab, tab sis nyob rau Cape Chersonese tau overtaken los ntawm lub 19th Panzer Corps, qhov uas nws coj cov lus kawg sib ntaus sib tua, uas ua nyob rau hauv lub 17-th pab tub rog twb tag lawm, thiab 21 000 cov tub rog (nrog rau cov tub ceev xwm) tau coj tus neeg raug txim ua ke uas cov khoom thiab lwm yam riam phom.

tau

Xeem Wehrmacht foothold nyob rau hauv cov cai-Bank Ukraine, nyob rau hauv lub Crimea, nyob rau hauv lub ntsej muag ntawm lub 17th Army twb puas lawm. Irretrievably poob yog ntau tshaj li 100,000 German thiab Romanian tub rog. Cov kev piam sij li cas 140 txhiab cov tub rog thiab tub ceev xwm ntawm lub Wehrmacht.

Rau cov tub rog liab zoo cov kev hem thawj ntawm rau yav qab teb cov kev coj ntawm cov pem hauv ntej. Muaj tau ib tug rov qab los ntawm Sevastopol - lub ntsiab hauv paus ntawm lub Dub hiav txwv Fleet.

Tab sis qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws - yog hais tias lub Soviet Union tom qab lub Crimean lag luam regained tswj nyob rau hauv lub Dub hiav txwv phiab. Qhov tseeb dramatically shaken li cov kev txawj ntawm tus German txaus nyob rau hauv Bulgaria, Romania thiab Qaib Cov Txwv.

Qhov tseem txaus ntshai kev tu siab nyob rau hauv lub keeb kwm ntawm peb lub teb chaws nyob rau hauv lub XX caug xyoo - lub Great Patriotic ua tsov ua rog. Crimean hauj lwm, raws li zoo raws li tag nrho lwm tus, muaj zoo los ntawm qhov pib thiab cov tswv yim, tab sis raws li ib tug tshwm sim ntawm cov clashes tua pua pua txhiab thiab tej zaum tsheej lab ntawm peb cov pej xeem. Crimean offensive yog ib qho tseem ceeb xaiv yaam lub hom phiaj los ntawm cov Soviet hais kom ua. Lub teb chaws Yelemees coj nyob rau hauv 1941-1942. 250 hnub rau lub capture ntawm Sevastopol. Soviet troops Corporate 35 hnub los tso tag nrho cov Crimean ceg av qab teb, 5 cov neeg uas yuav tsum mus cua daj cua dub Sebastopol. Raws li ib tug tshwm sim ntawm kev vam meej cov lag luam tsim paaj tej yam kev mob rau lub advancement ntawm lub Soviet armed rog nyob rau hauv lub Balkans.