Lub liberation ntawm Konigsberg los ntawm cov Nazis nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no ua tsov ua rog II: hnub ntawm cov neeg koom. Sib ntaus sib tua rau lub liberation ntawm Konigsberg, ib tug pem hauv ntej? Puav pheej rau lub liberation ntawm Konigsberg

Liberation ntawm lub Nazis Konigsberg yog ib tug loj kev vam meej ua hauj lwm ua los ntawm cov tub rog liab rau lub teb chaws ncaj qha teej tug mus rau lub teb chaws Yelemees. Los ntawm nws tau lom zem ntau depended tag nrho cov yav tom ntej kev ua ntawm lub phoojywg rau qhov kawg liberating cov teb chaws Europe los ntawm Nazism. Yog li ntawd, qhov kev tso tawm ntawm Konigsberg yog ib tug milestone nyob rau hauv lub saw ntawm tus qhia peb hlis ntuj ntawm cov tub rog. Thiab lub cim yog tus taw tes hais tias lub nroog nrog cov cheeb tsam surrounding, sai tom qab lub cev qhuav dej ntawm lub Nazi regime, twb incorporated rau hauv lub Soviet Union.

Ib tug nyuag cov keeb kwm ntawm East Prussia

Lub ntiaj teb sab hnub tuaj Prussia, ib zaug tau koom rau cov pawg neeg ntawm cov Baltic Prussians, txij thaum lub XII xyoo pua tau raug mus dhia German tub rog colonization. Ces muaj ib lub xeev ntawm cov Teutonic Order ntawm knights, yuav luag nkaus eradicated, thiab assimilated lub zos cov pej xeem thiab ib tug kev hem thawj rau hauv teb chaws Poland, Lithuania thiab Russia.

Lub nroog nws tus kheej Konigsberg, hu hu ua Tvangste, tau txais nws lub npe nyob rau hauv 1255 nyob rau hauv Honor ntawm tus Czech King Premysl Ottokar II.

Nyob rau hauv lub XV caug xyoo, lub xeem Master ntawm tsev neeg Hohenzollern rau cov pawg neeg thaj av secular Duchy ntawm Prussia, uas yog ces ua ke tus kheej union nrog lub electorate ntawm Brandenburg twb nrhiav tau. Lub xeev no tau raug hu ua lub nceeg vaj ntawm Prussia, thiab daim av ncaj qha uas los ntawm lub Teutonic Knights, nrog nws cov peev nyob rau hauv Königsberg, East Prussia los ua lub npe hu.

Tom qab ntawd, cov cheeb tsam tau kev cob cog rua nyob rau hauv series nyob rau hauv lub German Empire, cov Weimar pheej thiab lub Peb Reich.

Lub sib ntaus sib tua nyob rau hauv lub Soviet-German pem hauv ntej

Nyob rau hauv 1944, Nazi troops nyob rau hauv tsiv battles tau thaum kawg ousted los ntawm ib ncig ntawm lub USSR. Lub liberation ntawm lub teb chaws ntawm sab hnub tuaj thiab central cov teb chaws Europe los ntawm cov Nazis. Lub Soviet pab tub rog mus kev ncaj qha mus rau lub German chaw uas zoo heev, nyob rau hauv particular, rau sab hnub tuaj Prussia.

Lub ib hlis ntuj 13, 1945 lub East Prussian lag luam twb launched los ntawm cov Soviet pab tub rog. Nws koom nrog, lub 2nd Belarus pem hauv ntej nyob rau hauv Marshal Rokossovskogo 3 Belarus Pem hauv ntej nyob rau hauv General Chernyakhovskogo thawj thiab ces Marshala Vasilevskogo, thiab 1 Baltic pem hauv ntej mus los ntawm General Bagramyan. Qhov kev txiav txim ntawm av rog ntawm lub hiav txwv them cov Baltic fleet rau hauv lub txib ntawm General Tributs. Tag nrho cov ntawm cov tub rog neeg ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv cov cheeb tsam no tshaj 1.6 million tus neeg.

Soviet rog confronted lub Army Group "Center" thiab "North" nyob rau hauv cov kev taw qhia ntawm, ntsig txog, Colonel-General Reinhardt thiab L. Rendulic. Lawv muaj txog 580 txhiab. Cov neeg ua hauj lwm.

Thaum lub sij hawm lub kev vam meej offensive ntawm lub Red Army tau ua ib tug decisive txhob, nyob ib tug xov tooj uas xaiv yaam ntsiab lus thiab lub zos. Tab sis tus yuam sij rau tag nrho cov ntawm East Prussia tseem impregnable Konigsberg.

Yog li, nws txuas ntxiv qhov Great Patriotic ua tsov ua rog. Lub liberation ntawm Konigsberg yog los ua ib tug ntawm cov tseem ceeb theem ntawm nws.

Kev npaj rau kev tiv thaiv ntawm Germans

Sai li sai tau raws li nws los ua tseeb hais tias nws yuav sai sai no pib sib ntaus sib tua rau lub liberation ntawm Konigsberg, lub German High kom tau kom ntxiv dag zog consolidation thiab ua ntej zoo impregnable nroog. Peb pib ua barricades.

Nws ua amplification ntawm lub ntuj tiv thaiv ntawm lub nroog, muaj raws ntawm peb ib ncig, tsa nyob rau hauv sib txawv keeb kwm sij hawm. Ntxiv mus, Konigsberg muaj ib tug sab nraud defensive nplhaib thiab zoo-fortified citadel.

Nws twb tseem nqa tawm restoration ua hauj lwm nram qab no lub devastation uas, vim lub bombing ntawm lub British aviation yog Königsberg (1944). Lub liberation ntawm lub nroog tau cog lus tseg yuav nyuaj heev.

rog ntawm ob tog

Liberation ntawm lub Nazis Konigsberg twb ua tau ua tsaug rau lub kev vam meej cov lag luam nqa tawm nyob rau hauv lub txib ntawm Marshal Vasilevsky. Nws kuj tau raug tebchaw, coj los ntawm General Bagramyan. Npog lub ntuj tau txib cov Cua Chief Marshal Novikov. Nws yog lawv concerted kev txiav txim kom ruaj ntseg qhov kev tso tawm ntawm Königsberg. Yuav ua li cas yog lub pem hauv ntej them nyiaj ntawm lub lag luam no? Feem ntau cov quaj tawv heev muab kev koom tes nyob rau hauv nws yog tus thib peb Belarusian, uas twb muaj 1 Baltic.

Tag nrho cov xov tooj ntawm cov Soviet troops uas coj ib feem nyob rau hauv lub lag luam, yog 137 txhiab tus neeg. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, nws yog muaj nyob rau hauv 2174 aircraft thiab 538 tso tsheb hlau luam.

Konigsberg tiv thaiv coj los rau ntawm General Otto von Lasch Wehrmacht. Nyob rau ntawm nws pov tseg yog 130 txhiab cov tub rog, uas yog tsis ntau tsawg tshaj li tus naj npawb ntawm cov tawm tsam lub Soviet pab tub rog. Tab sis nyob rau hauv tso tsheb hlau luam thiab aircraft lub German pab tub rog ntawm lub site ho ua tsis tau zoo. Nws muaj, ntsig txog, 108 thiab 170 units.

Yog li, thaum kwv yees li sib npaug zos nyob rau hauv manpower nyob rau hauv no sector ntawm lub Soviet Army muaj ib tug tseem ceeb kom zoo dua nyob rau hauv lub kos duab ntawm lub pab tub rog ntawm lub Wehrmacht. Qhov no ib zaug dua qha muaj siv txawv ntawm qhov teeb meem no thaum pib ntawm tsov rog thiab qhov teeb meem no uas prevailed nyob rau hauv 1945.

Nyob rau hauv anticipation ntawm kev phais

Ua ntej koj yuav pib lub liberation ntawm Konigsberg, nws twb nqa tawm los ntawm Soviet troops shelling ntawm lub fortified txaus ntawm cov yeeb ncuab. Nws coj kuv yuav luag tag nrho thawj lub lim tiam ntawm Plaub Hlis Ntuj. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, peb twb tso airstrikes peb aviation aircraft ntawm xaiv yaam chaw tuav nyob rau hauv lub nroog. Tseem, cov ntaub ntawv bombings tsawg tug tshaj tawm tsam nyob rau hauv lub British aircraft cog lus thaum lub sij hawm feem ntau ntawm 1944.

Nyob rau hauv lem, tus Germans sim sai li sai tau rau thaj txhua qhov khuam nyob rau hauv tus tiv thaiv, tau raug chob lub Soviet cuaj luaj.

Wehrmacht coj noj coj ua to taub tias yog hais tias nws tus txiv neej yuav tsis tiv thaiv txhua nti ntawm hauv av kom kawg drop ntawm cov ntshav, kom kawg tub rog, lub Peb Reich hnub yog suav. Tab sis, raws li peb paub los ntawm keeb kwm, txawm lub unprecedented txi zoo tib yam German cov tub rog yuav cawm tsis tau no monstrous tshuab ntawm genocide thiab kev tsuj ntawm kev puas tsuaj.

nroog Sturm

Ces pib tam sim ntawd, qhov kev tso tawm ntawm Konigsberg. Hnub Tim 6, 1945 yog pib ntawm nws.

Tshuab tau hais txog nyob rau tib lub sij hawm los ntawm lub sab qaum teb thiab sab qab teb ntawm lub nroog. Hnub, raws li ib txwm, pib nrog lub shelling ntawm cov yeeb ncuab txaus. Closer mus rau kaum ob teev ntawm lub hnub mus nyob rau hauv offensive tso tsheb hlau luam thiab infantry. Ib tug tseem ceeb luag hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lub lag luam muaj tau muab rau tus quab yuam tub rog, uas tau ib tug zoo pab mus rau lub liberation ntawm Konigsberg (1945).

Lub Germans muab tus xav ua kom kuj, tab sis lub Soviet pab tub rog crushes ib defensive barrier tom qab lwm. railway chaw nres tsheb thiab qhov chaw nres nkoj tau yuav. Nyob rau hauv kev nyoo mus rau lub Wehrmacht tub rog teb decisive tsis kam. Npaj siab mus npaj lub khiav tau ua, tab sis cov Soviet troops seized lub German ib feem, npaj los siv rau txoj kev npaj mus rau hauv kev muaj tiag.

Thaum kawg, Plaub Hlis Ntuj 9, 1945, General Otto von Lasch, paub hais tias kom txhob ua hauj, kos npe rau kev swb, thiab kom tag nrho cov tub rog uas nyob rau hauv nws hais kom ua, muab lawv cov caj npab. Cheb lub nroog los ntawm tsis ua raws li cov kev txiav txim ntawm pab pawg ntawm cov Wehrmacht tub rog txuas ntxiv thoob plaws hauv lub hnub tom ntej.

Ntawd, muaj ib lub liberation ntawm Konigsberg. Nws tau muab rau Soviet troops kuj me me losses, tab sis qhov no nyob rau hauv tsis muaj txoj kev detracts los ntawm qhov tseem ceeb ntawm qhov kev tshwm sim nyob rau hauv lub moj khaum ntawm lub ntiaj teb no ua tsov ua rog II nyob rau hauv particular thiab ob ntiaj teb rog raws li ib tug tag nrho.

losses ntawm ob tog

Thaum lub sij hawm lub lag luam rau cov liberation ntawm lub nroog ntawm Konigsberg, tua 42,000 German cov tub rog, hais txog 92.000 raug coj neeg raug txim. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, lub Soviet pab tub rog tau ntes riam phom, namely ob txhiab artillery daim, 128 aircraft thiab 1652 mortar.

Ntawm cov Soviet troops losses twb me npaum li cas, lawv li cas 3,200 tuag fighters. Qhov no qhia hais tias peb generals tau kawm los yeej yeej tsis tau vim tias ntawm tus xov tooj ntawm pab tub rog thiab ib tug tseem ceeb pes tsawg tus tuag cov tub rog, raws li nws yog nyob rau hauv thaum pib ntawm lub tsov ua rog, raws li ib tug tshwm sim ntawm lub xub ntiag ntawm ib tug ci ntsa iab lub hom phiaj ntawm kev txiav txim. Qhov tseeb yus lub Red Army nrog ib tug qualitatively txoj kev tshiab.

Rau cov nyob ntawm Konigsberg tib qhov teeb meem no ntsia ntau npaum li cas pitiable. 80% ntawm lub nroog twb yuav luag tag pov tseg thaum lub sij hawm ua phem thiab kev tso hoob pob los ntawm lub ntuj, xws li cov neeg ua los ntawm cov noob nom noob tswv British aircraft nyob rau hauv lub chav kawm ntawm 1944. Ntawm 316.000 inhabitants ntawm cov pej xeem ntawm Konigsberg thaum pib ntawm tsov rog, tsuas yog 200,000 sab laug tom qab lub storming ntawm lub nroog, thiab lawv sai tau deported mus rau lwm qhov chaw.

lag luam tus nqi

Zam ntawm Königsberg nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no ua tsov ua rog II pab los ua ib tug springboard rau ntxiv ua ntej ntawm lub Soviet pab tub rog. Plaub Hlis Ntuj 25 twb yeej kawg ntau yam pauv loj German tub rog quab yuam nyob rau hauv lub cheeb tsam - lub Samland Group ntawm Rog. Nyob rau hauv no East-Prussian lag luam twb ntse ua kom tiav.

Ntxiv cov txheej xwm paub rau tag nrho cov: lub txuas ntxiv rau Allied offensive, lub storming ntawm Berlin, Hitler lub tua tus kheej thiab ib tug Vajtswv lub siab nyiam ntawm lub teb chaws Yelemees Tej zaum 8, 1945. Ntawm cov hoob kawm, mus cuag no tshwm sim, noj ib tug ntawm Königsberg yog tsis txaus, tab sis qhov no tshwm sim - ib tug tsim nyog txuas nyob rau hauv lub saw ntawm victories li sib ntaus sib tua ntawm Stalingrad, sib ntaus sib tua ntawm lub Kursk su thiab lub Allied tsaws nyob rau hauv Normandy.

Qhov tseem ceeb thiab peculiarity ntawm lub yeej ntawm cov Soviet pab tub rog mus Koenigsberg txig qha tau tias nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm ntawm nws 24-lub sij hawm pov los ntawm cov 324 phom twb muab nyob rau hauv Moscow. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, yog tsim los pab ib tug tshwj xeeb uas qhia tias (puav pheej) rau perpetuate lub cim xeeb ntawm no kawm tau zoo rau peb cov tub rog sib ntaus sib tua txog tej kev nthuav dav, peb tham ib tug me ntsis tsawg dua.

Kaliningrad - lub Lavxias teb sab nroog

Lub ntxiv hmoo ntawm lub nroog yog zoo paub. Konigsberg nyob rau hauv 1946 tau renamed Kaliningrad nyob rau hauv Honor ntawm tus tuag nyob rau hauv tib lub xyoo, tog thawj coj M. I. Kalinina, thiab yog muaj ua ke nrog ib tug loj ib feem ntawm East Prussia, thawj nyob rau hauv lub RSFSR, thiab tom qab lub cev qhuav dej ntawm lub Soviet Union - nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab Federation. Feem ntau ntawm cov German pej xeem ntawm lub cheeb tsam tau deported mus rau lub teb chaws Yelemees. Lub cheeb tsam tam sim no lub npe hu ua Kaliningrad, twb populated los ntawm cov inhabitants ntawm lwm cov cheeb tsam ntawm lub USSR, mas lub RSFSR thiab lub Ukrainian SSR thiab Byelorussian SSR. Lub nroog ntawm Kaliningrad sai heev rebuilt, cov neeg los ntawm thoob plaws lub Union koom nyob rau hauv lub liquidation ntawm kev puas tsuaj uas ua tsov ua rog tau coj.

Thaum lub caij, lub Kaliningrad thaj av ntawd yog ib qho tseem ceeb muaj thiab resort cheeb tsam ntawm Lavxias teb sab Federation. Kev loj hlob ntawm mechanical engineering thiab shipbuilding. Dhau li monuments, tam sim no muaj me ntsis pov thawj ntawm yav dhau los domination ntawm lub Germans nyob rau hauv lub cheeb tsam.

Cov puav pheej "Rau qhov Tos mus ntawm Königsberg"

Tsis pub dhau ob lub hlis tom qab lub capture ntawm lub nroog los ntawm Soviet troops los ntawm txoj cai ntawm lub USSR tsoom fwv tau tsim muaj puav pheej rau lub liberation ntawm Konigsberg. Nws twb qhia nyob rau hauv thiaj li yuav nco txog hnub lub feat ntawm fighters. Raws li rau cov puav pheej ntawm hluav taws xob yuav tsum koom nyob rau hauv lub liberation ntawm Konigsberg muab kev koom tes los ntawm 23 Lub ib hlis ntuj mus rau 10 Plaub Hlis Ntuj 1945 raws li ib feem ntawm East Prussia nyob rau hauv lub storming ntawm lub nroog.

Cov puav pheej twb minted nyob dag. Nws yog ib tug txheej txheem hauv daim ntawv ntawm lub voj voog. Yuav kom "Rau qhov ntes ntawm Konigsberg" yog engraved nyob rau hauv pem hauv ntej ntawm daim ntawv lo. Nws tso tawm kom pom nyob rau sab saum toj ntawm lub hnub qub, thiab lub qab - ib tug laurel ceg. Nyob rau hauv rov qab sab muaj cov hnub thaum lub liberation ntawm Koenigsberg - Plaub Hlis Ntuj 10, 1945. Cov kab uas hla ntawm cov paib tiv npe - 32 hli.

Nyob no puav pheej nyob rau hauv nws lub hauv siab, tom qab lub kos npe rau ntawm yawm rau lub capture ntawm Budapest thiab nyob rau hauv pem hauv ntej ntawm ib tug puav pheej rau lub capture ntawm Vienna. Uas yog, nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no complied nrog lub sib lawv liag xov xwm hauv paus ntsiab lus.

Lub daim ntawv teev cov muab puav pheej Konigsberg tso tawm neeg

Txij thaum nws cov inception, ntau fighters tau muaj puav pheej rau lub liberation ntawm Konigsberg. Daim ntawv teev cov awardees rau tag nrho cov sij hawm tshaj 760.000 cov neeg.

Ntau tus txiv neej tam sim no tsis nco qab lub npe. Tab sis cov tau txais ib tug puav pheej twb zoo-paub cov neeg, xws li Baykov Evgeniy Grigorevich (Sergeant), Lapidus Viktor Lvovich (Lt. Col.) Neplyuev Valentina Fyodorovna (Sergeant), Rozhin Ivan Maksimovic (Sergeant), Statsenko Ivan Denisovich (Ob txhais Lieutenant), Trinity Viktor Pavlovich (sergeant), Hudyakov Nikolay Vasilevich (corporal), Yanovskiy Petr Grigorevich (Lieutenant Colonel), Mashanov Ivan Savvateevich (foreman). Lub liberation ntawm Konigsberg 1944-1945 xyoo - cov ntaub ntawv ntawm txhua tus ntawm lawv. Cov ntshav thiab hws ntawm cov txiv neej sprinkled teb ntawm East Prussia. Txhua yam ntawm lawv koom nyob rau hauv lub liberation ntawm Konigsberg.

Invaluable siv cov fighters, thiab pua pua txhiab tus neeg uas peb tsis tau hais ntawm no. Puav pheej rau lub liberation ntawm Konigsberg, tsuas ib tug me me ib feem ntawm cov puav pheej, uas yuav tsum tau txais kev tsov rog, nyob rau tus nqi ntawm nws tus kheej noj qab haus huv thiab lub neej mus ua hauj lwm.

Thaum lub caij, tus nqi zog no txim hluav taws xob los ntawm tej yam ntuj tso ua yog tsis tau.

tau

Ib tug ntawm cov tseem ceeb lub sij hawm ntawm qhov tus kawm tiav ntawm ob ntiaj teb rog yog tus liberation ntawm Konigsberg. Yuav ua li cas yog lub hauv pem hauv ntej ntawm lub scale ntawm sib ntaus sib tua unfolded rau hauv ib ncig ntawm East Prussia! Thiab nyob rau tib lub sij hawm Konigsberg lag luam yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws piv txwv ntawm yuav ua li cas nrog tus kawg poob ntawm cov neeg ua tau mus ntes ib tug zoo-fortified nroog.

Nws yog ib lub yeej ntawm lub Soviet pab tub rog yog tseem ceeb heev thoob plaws hauv lub East Prussian lag luam thiab los xyuas kom meej unhindered txoj kev mus rau Berlin. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, cov tau kawm tiav ntawm fights ntawm Konigsberg tso cai nyob rau hauv lub neej yav tom ntej kom muaj xws li lub nroog thiab lwm lub teb chaws rau Russia, uas yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev ib feem ntawm lub Kaliningrad thaj av ntawd yog tam sim no kuj.

Thiab, ntawm chav kawm, siv pua pua txhiab tus neeg tua hluav taws los lawv cov ntshav thaum lub sij hawm ua phem ntawm Konigsberg, yeej yuav tsis raug tsis nco qab lawm. Lawv yawm fij motherland yuav yeej ib txwm nco ntsoov.