Konstantin Paustovsky: biography, sau, duab

Txawj sau ntawv thiab ib tug classic ntawm Soviet thiab Lavxias teb sab ntaub ntawv KG Paustovsky yug Tej zaum 19, 1892. Thiab ua ntej koj tau ntsib nrog nws biography, nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg hais tias nws yog nyob rau hauv lub Union ntawm Soviet Writers, thiab nws cov phau ntawv muaj tau txhais ua ntau yam lus. Txij li thaum lub nruab nrab XX xyoo pua, nws tej hauj lwm tau pib kawm Lavxias teb sab ntaub ntawv nyob rau hauv tsev kawm ntawv. Konstantin Paustovsky (txawj sau ntawv yees duab qhia hauv qab no) muaj ib tug ntau ntawm khoom plig - khoom plig, decorations thiab medals.

Xyuas ntawm cov txawj sau ntawv

Secretary Valery Druzhbinskoy uas ua hauj lwm cov kws ntawv Paustovskogo nyob rau hauv 1965-1968 xyoo, sau txog nws nyob rau hauv nws memoirs. Feem ntau ntawm nws udivilyalo hais tias qhov no nto moo txawj sau ntawv tau muaj kev tswj los mus ciaj sia lub sij hawm, lossi qhuas Stalin, tsis muaj sau ntawv hais txog tus thawj coj ntawm ib lo lus. Paustovsky kuj tswj tsis mus koom lub tog thiab tsis kos npe rau tej daim ntawv los yog denunciation, branding ib yam ntawm cov uas nws txuam. Thiab txawm Conversely, thaum txiav txim Writers A. D. Sinyavskogo thiab Yu. M. Danielya, Paustovsky tab tuav lawv thiab qhuas lawv ua hauj lwm. Thiab yog dab tsi ntau, nyob rau hauv 1967 Konstantin Paustovsky txhawb Solzhenitsyn tsab ntawv, uas twb nyob rau hauv lub IV Congress ntawm Soviet Writers, qhov twg nws demanded mus tshem censorship nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv. Thiab ces terminally mob Paustovsky xa ib tsab ntawv mus rau lub Chairman ntawm lub USSR Council of Ministers A. N. Kosyginu nyob rau hauv kev tiv thaiv tus thawj coj Yu. P. Lyubimova Taganka nrog ib tug plea tsis txhob tso nws mus, thiab kev txiav txim no tsis yog kos npe rau.

Konstantin Paustovsky: biography

Yuav kom to taub zaj dab neeg ntawm lub neej ntawm no amazing txawj sau ntawv, koj muaj peev xwm paub nrog nws ntawv trilogy "hais txog lub neej ntawm lub hauv." Konstantin Paustovsky yog tus tub ntawm kev tsheb ciav hlau statistician George Maksimovic thiab Maria Grigorievna Paustovsky uas nyob rau hauv Moscow nyob rau hauv Grenade huas.

Nws txiv poj koob yawm txwv mus rov qab mus rau lub qub Cossack hetman P. K. Sagaydachnogo. Tom qab tag nrho, nws yawg kuj yog ib tug Cossack-Chumak, nws yog nws leej twg nkag tau tus tub xeeb ntxwv ntawm tus pob txha nrog lub Ukrainian lus dab neeg, Cossack cov dab neeg thiab zaj nkauj. Yawg tau txais kev pab nyob rau hauv Nicholas kuv, txawm nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab-Turkish twb ntes thiab coj los ntawm nws tus poj niam, Fatma Turkish poj niam, uas ua kevcai raus dej nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab lub npe hu Honoratus. Yog li, rau cov Ukrainian-Cossack ntshav mingled nrog cov kws ntawv thiab Turkish los ntawm nws pog.

Rov qab mus rau tus naas ej txawj sau ntawv biography, nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg hais tias nws muaj ob tug tijlaug - Boris thiab Vadim - thiab tus muam Galina.

Hlub Ukraine

Yug nyob rau hauv Moscow, Paustovsky ntau tshaj 20 xyoo nws nyob nyob rau hauv lub Ukraine, qhov twg nws los ua ib tug txawj sau ntawv thiab ib tug journalist, raws li feem ntau hais nyob rau hauv nws ntawv prose. Nws yog ua tsaug rau lub fact tias nws loj hlob tuaj nyob rau hauv lub Ukraine, uas yog rau nws raws li ib tug lyre uas nws duab nws hnav rau ntau xyoo nyob rau hauv nws lub siab.

Nyob rau hauv 1898, nws tsev neeg tsiv tsev los ntawm Moscow rau Kiev, nyob qhov twg Konstantin Paustovsky pib kawm nyob rau hauv lub Thawj Classical Gymnasium. Nyob rau hauv 1912 nws nkag mus hauv lub Kiev University nyob rau hauv cov kws qhia ntawv ntawm keeb kwm thiab Philology, qhov uas nws kawm tau ob xyoos xwb.

Cov thawj lub ntiaj teb

Txij thaum pib ntawm tsov rog Paustovsky tsiv rov qab los Moscow mus rau nws niam thiab tsev neeg, ces nws tsiv mus rau lub tsev kawm ntawv ntawm Moscow. Tab sis tsis ntev nws tu ncua nws kev tshawb fawb thiab tau txais ib txoj hauj lwm tus neeg xyuas pib tsheb nqaj hlau, thiab ces nws tau txais kev pab raws li ib yaam nyob rau hauv ib tug lub tsev kho mob-u. Tom qab kev tuag ntawm cov kwv tij nyob rau hauv tsov rog Paustovsky rov qab mus rau nws niam thiab nws tus muam. Tab sis dua, tom qab ib pliag thiab mus ua hauj lwm, lub metallurgical nroj tsuag Ekaterinoslavle thiab Hughes, nyob rau boiler cog rau hauv Taganrog los yog ib tug nuv ntses koom tes nyob rau hauv lub Azov.

Kiv puag ncig, civil tsov rog

Txij thaum pib ntawm lub ob hlis ntuj Revolution, nws mus rau Moscow thiab ua hauj lwm raws li ib tug reporter nyob rau hauv ntau yam luam publishing. Muaj nws pom lub Kaum Hli Ntuj kiv puag ncig ntawm 1917 xyoo.

Tom qab hais tias, lub teb chaws twb plunged rau hauv ib tug tsov rog, thiab Paustovsky yuam kom mus rov qab mus rau Ukraine nyob rau hauv Kiev, uas tau tsiv los ntawm lub capital rau nws niam thiab nws tus muam. Nyob rau hauv lub Kaum Ob Hlis, nws hu ua nyob rau hauv lub hetman pab tub rog, tab sis tom qab cov kev hloov ntawm tsoom fwv - mus ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lub Red Army nyob rau hauv kev ruaj ntseg tso kom muaj kab muaj kev, tsim los ntawm cov qub Makhno. Qhov no tso kom muaj kab muaj kev twb disbanded tsocai.

Txoj kev mus rau kev muaj tswv yim

Konstantina Paustovskogo lub neej tau hloov, thiab tom qab nws tau mus rau sab qab teb ntawm Russia, ces nyob rau hauv Odessa, nws ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lub "sailors" publishing tsev. Thaum lub sij hawm no lub sij hawm nws tau los ua ntsib nrog Babel, I. Ilf, L. Slavin. Tab sis tom qab nws mus rau Odessa, lub Caucasus thiab nyob nyob rau hauv Batumi thiab Sukhumi, Yerevan, Tbilisi thiab Baku.

Nyob rau hauv 1923 Konstantin Paustovsky dua nyob rau hauv Moscow thiab ob peb xyoo ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lub editorial txoj kev loj hlob. Nws pib printing. Nyob rau hauv lub 30s, nws dua mus thiab ua hauj lwm raws li ib tug journalist "30 hnub" tawm "Peb ua tau", "Pravda" cov ntawv xov xwm. Lub magazine "30 Hnub" luam tawm nws sau ntawv "tham txog cov ntses", "Blue Hluav Taws Zone".

Thaum pib ntawm 1931 nyob rau hauv cov lus qhia LOJ HLOB nws mus rau Perm, Berezniki, rau qhov kev siv ntawm cov tshuaj nroj tsuag. Nws tsab ntawv rau cov kawm muaj nyob rau hauv phau ntawv "Lub Giant nyob rau Kama River." Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm, nws tiav lawm cov dab neeg pib nyob rau hauv Moscow, "Kara Bugaz", uas tau los ua tus tseem ceeb rau nws. Nws mus ntev txiav luam yeeb cov kev pab cuam thiab los ua ib tug kev txawj sau ntawv.

Konstantin Paustovsky: tej hauj lwm

Nyob rau hauv 1932 cov txawj sau ntawv tau mus xyuas Petrozavodsk thiab pib mus ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lub keeb kwm ntawm cov nroj tsuag. Raws li ib tug tshwm sim, sau tus tshiab "Txoj hmoo ntawm Charles Lonsevilya", "Lake Pem hauv ntej" thiab "Onega Hoobkas." Ces muaj mus ua si rau sab qaum teb Russia, qhov tshwm sim yog sau ntawv "Lub teb chaws ntawm lub Onega" thiab "Murmansk". Los ntawm lub sij hawm - sau ntawv "Underwater cua" nyob rau hauv 1932. Thiab nyob rau hauv 1937 nws tuaj tawm nyob rau hauv cov ntawv xov xwm "Pravda" sau ntawv "Tus Tshiab tropics" tom qab ib tug mus txawv tebchaws los Mingrelia.

Tom qab mus ua si rau Novgorod, Pskov thiab St. Michael lub sau sau ib tsab ntawv, "Michael lub Grove", tso tawm nyob rau hauv lub magazine "Liab Hmo ntuj" nyob rau hauv 1938

Nyob rau hauv 1939, rau cov zajlus ua tau Paustovskogo Labor tsoom fwv muab qhov kev txiav txim ntawm lub Red Banner. Nws tsis yog lub npe hu raws nraim yuav ua li cas muaj ntau yam dab neeg sau Konstantin Paustovsky, tiam sis muaj ntau. Nyob rau hauv lawv, nws muaj peev xwm pab qhia rau cov txawj nyeem ntawv proffessionalnykh tag nrho nws lub neej kev - txhua yam nws pom, tau hnov thiab ntsib los mus.

Cov poj Patriotic ua tsov ua rog

Thaum lub sij hawm tsov rog nrog rau lub Nazis Paustovsky tau txais kev pab raws li ib tug tsov rog correspondent nyob rau hauv txoj kab ntawm lub yav qab teb pem hauv ntej. Tom qab ntawd nws rov qab mus rau Moscow thiab ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lub TASS. Tab sis nws twb tso tawm mus ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv cov kev ua si nyob rau hauv lub Moscow Art Theatre. Thiab nyob rau tib lub sij hawm, nws twb evacuated nrog nws tsev neeg nyob rau hauv Amas-Ata. Muaj nws ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv cov kev ua si "kom txog thaum nws nres lub siab" thiab epopeynym tshiab "Cov pa luam yeeb ntawm cov fatherland." Daim ntawv qhia ntawm kev npaj lub Moscow Chamber Theatre A. Ya. Tairova evacuated mus Barnaul.

Yuav luag ib xyoo, los ntawm 1942 mus 1943 th, nws siv lub sij hawm nyob rau hauv Barnaul, nyob rau hauv Belokurikha. Lub premiere, nplooj siab mus rau lub sim tawm tsam cov German invaders, muaj nyob rau hauv Barnaul nyob rau hauv lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav ntawm 4 lub Plaub Hlis 1943.

paub

Nyob rau hauv lub xyoo 1950, cov kws ntawv tuaj rau thoob ntiaj teb paub. Nws tam sim ntawd muaj lub sij hawm mus xyuas cov teb chaws Europe. Nyob rau hauv 1956, nws muab tso rau pem hauv ntej ib tug neeg sib tw rau lub Nobel nqi zog, tab sis nws yog Sholokhov. Paustovsky yog ib tug nyiam sau ntawv Marlene Dietrich. Nws twb tau peb cov poj niam, ib tug txais tub Alexei thiab tej yam ntuj tso cov me nyuam - Alex thiab Vadim.

Qhov kawg ntawm nws lub neej cov txawj sau ntawv raug kev txom nyem los ntawm mob hawb pob rau ib ntev lub sij hawm thiab raug kev txom nyem ib lub plawv nres. Nws tuag nyob rau hauv Moscow rau Lub Xya hli ntuj 14, 1968 thiab raug faus nyob rau hauv lub toj ntxas hauv lub zos ntawm Tarusa Kaluga cheeb tsam.