Ib tug zam txim rau - nws yog ib feem ntawm tus hais lus, uas yuav tsum tau tshwj xeeb xim ... Lub prepositions nyob rau hauv German

Ib tug zam txim rau - nws yog ib qhov kev pab ntawm tus hais lus, uas qhab nia lub koom ntawm cov kev kawm rau tus kwv ntawm lawv kev sib raug zoo rau txhua tus lwm yam. Nws qhia qhov thiaj li hu ua syntactic kev sib raug zoo ntawm cov nram qab no qhov chaw ntawm kev hais lus: tus nab npawj, hais lo lus, noun - los ntawm lwm tus neeg. Thiab nws cov ntsiab feature yog hais tias ib tug kev zam txim rau - nws yog ib tug muaj nuj nqi lo lus hais tias yog tsis siv nyob ib leeg. Thiab qhov no siv rau tag nrho cov lus.

Prepositions nyob rau hauv German

Lub luag hauj lwm ntawm no ib feem ntawm kev hais lus nyob rau hauv cov lus yog tib yam li nyob rau hauv peb haiv neeg Lavxias teb sab. Txhua yam yog yooj yim thiab meej. Ib tug zam txim rau - nws yog ib daig uas connects ib pab pawg neeg ntawm cov lus uas muaj txhua lwm yam. Feem ntau lawv nyob rau hauv pem hauv ntej ntawm cov lo lus, uas muaj xws li. Nws yuav tsum tau muab koj ib qho piv txwv. Das Fenster (txhais li "qhov rais"), der Tisch (rooj). Cov lus yuav muab tag nrho rau hauv ib kab lus. Txais cov hauv qab no: "Der Tisch ib dem Fenster", uas muaj peev xwm muab txhais raws li "rooj los ntawm lub qhov rais." Ntau yuav tsum hais tias prepositions yog siv los txiav txim seb tus cov ntaub ntawv ntawm ib tus, thiab feem ntau qhov chaw. Tab sis, tsuas nyob rau hauv cov mob uas no yog ib feem ntawm kev hais lus tom qab ib tug preposition. Lawv yog siv raws li ib tug tib possessive cov ntaub ntawv, thiab nrog ob peb zaug. Txawm li cas los, ib co prepositions yog siv thiab tom qab lub noun, thiab ua ntej nws.

Raws li verbs

Nws yuav tsum tau hais tias hais tias muaj ntau German verbs yuav tsum tau qab ib tug tej yam ntxiv los yog prepositions, thiab nyob rau hauv ib tug tej yam ntaub ntawv. Nyob rau hauv tej rooj plaub, tus nqi ntawm prepositions uas kav lub qhia txog kev ua, tsis yog tib yam Lavxias teb sab counterparts hloov. Muaj yog ib tug piv txwv ntawm kev ua yeeb yam. Cov kab lus "Kuv xav txog koj" nyob rau hauv German translates rau "Ich denke ib dich". Yog hais tias koj cia to taub kab lus no, nws lub suab nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab nws yuav zoo li no: "Kuv ntseeg hais tias nyob rau hauv / rau koj." Los ntawm txoj kev, nyob rau hauv no lub hauv paus, muaj ntau yam muaj teeb meem kev nkag siab. Lavxias teb sab siv zog cia txhais ib tug tswv yim uas nthuav, ua zoo li sai tau mus qhia cov essence ntawm nws German interlocutor, raws li ib tug tshwm sim ntawm cov kev siv ntawm prepositions tus nrog sib ntaus tsuas tsis to taub cov lus hais. Peb yuav tsis hnov qab txog nws. Uas yog vim li cas koj yuav tsum tau kawm ib daim ntawv teev prepositions, raws li zoo raws li los qhia lawv mus ua ntawv thov.

Cov thawj pab pawg neeg

Prepositions, zoo li ntau lwm qhov chaw ntawm kev hais lus yog muab faib ua ob peb pab pawg. Muaj tsuas yog peb. Lawv yog cov uas, tom qab kuv tus kheej tsis yuav tsum tau tej yam hauv ntiaj teb no - thawj pab pawg neeg. Qhov thib ob pab pawg neeg no yog cov uas muaj kev tswj heev dua lwm yam los ntawm ib tug ntawm cov ntaub ntawv, raws li tau zoo raws li hais ntawm cov ntaub ntawv pab pawg neeg tswj los ntawm ob tuag (Akkusativ thiab Dativ). Thiab hais tias, dab tsi yog qhov kev zam txim rau nyob rau hauv cov ntawv nyeem, nws yog tsim nyog los xav txog txhua yam ntawm cov pab pawg. Yog li ntawd, als thiab wie - cov neeg uas tsis xav tau tom qab ib tug tej yam ntaub ntawv. Tom qab lawv, qhov chaw ntawm kev hais lus hloov yuav ua li cas cov kab lus. Koj muaj peev xwm muab ib qho piv txwv: Ich kannte ihn schon als Lehrer (nyob ntawm no qhia tau Nominativ), thiab translates lub tswv yim txog ib tug ob peb illogical: "Kuv paub tias nws thaum nws tseem yog ib tug kws qhia ntawv." Muaj lwm cov kev xaiv, pe los ntawm Akkusativ. Nws hais tias: Ich kannte ihn schon als Lehrer. Thiab txhais lus, feem: "Kuv paub tias nws thaum nws tseem yog ib tug kws qhia ntawv." Txawm tias, dua, nws tsuas yog nyob rau hauv Lavxias teb sab kab lus ntaub ntawv raws li lub suab, nyob rau hauv German, ob leeg xaiv yog heev zajlus kom.

Qhov thib ob pab pawg neeg

Rau cov neeg, raws li tau hais tias, yog cov neeg excuses uas yog tswj los ntawm tsuas yog ib cov ntaub ntawv. Thiab nws yog tsis yooj yim dua, raws li ntau yam ntawm lawv thiab thiaj li yog. Ntawm no yog ib daim ntawv teev cov neeg uas khiav Akkusativ (accusative): wider, pro, um, ohne, ib, gegen, je, durch, für, dis. Piv txwv li, lub nram qab no kab lus: Ich gehe durch qhoc chaw nkaum Straße. Translates nws raws li "Kuv taug kev down txoj kev." Tom ntej: prepositions uas kav Dativ (dative). Cov no muaj xws entgegen, Aus, gemäß, mit, bei, seit, nach, zu, zuliebe, von, gegenüber. Incidentally, nws muaj nqis ntsoov teev hais tias muaj ntau prepositions ua ke nrog rau lwm cov lus. Thiab xws li mob qhov loj. Piv txwv li, zu + sammenlegen - quav; Vor + bei - los ntawm, thiab lwm yam Thiab lub xeem pab pawg neeg - cov prepositions uas kav Genitiv (genitive). Ntawm no yog ib co ntawm lawv: diesseits, unterhalb, oberhalb, jenseits, ungeachtet, infolge, raws li zoo raws li ntau lwm tus neeg. Koj yuav pom tias yog cov feem ntau nyuaj excuses rau qhov no pab pawg neeg. Thiab los ntawm txoj kev, muaj ntau tshaj li lwm leej lwm tus. Lawv kuj tswj tsuas yog ib cov ntaub ntawv.

Qhov thib peb pab pawg neeg

Cov no yog cov excuses uas lis ob tus neeg. Cov no muaj xws li nram qab no lus: unter, Vor, neben, hinter, nyob rau hauv, ib tug, auf, Uber, zwischen. Cov lus khiav Akkusativ thiab Dativ. Thiab nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no twb tag nrho cov nyob rau hauv lub ntsiab lus teb. Piv txwv li, yog hais tias muaj yog ib lo lus nyob rau hauv cov kab lus "wohin?" (Txhais lus: "Qhov twg?"), Thiab ces ua ib tug hais lus txog qhov kev txiav txim nqa tawm nrog tus aim, nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, prepositions, uas yog tam sim no raug xa mus thov kom lub possessive cov ntaub ntawv Akkusativ. Yog li syntactically xws hom phiaj ntawm qhov kev txiav txim. Nws zoo li no: "Er setzte sich neben mich" - nws cia li mus zaum kuv. Nyob rau hauv kev, prepositions ntsiab yog yooj yim heev, lub tseem ceeb tshaj plaws rau muab nws ib tug me ntsis lub sij hawm thiab tig lawv lub xim rau cov yam ntxwv uas tau teev tseg ua ntej lawm. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no kev kawm thiab nws yuav yooj yim rau nco ntsoov. Ib tug zam txim rau - nws tsis yog xws li ib tug complex npe raws li cov lus verbs, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog txij thaum nws yog heev yooj yim mus xyaum. Nyob rau hauv Feem ntau, tej xib fwb qhia nws cov thwj tim, uas muaj ntau tshaj los sis tsawg tshuaj xyuas qhov German lus, raus koj tus kheej li sai tau nyob rau hauv cov lus ib puag ncig. Txawm hais tias koj tsis tau ya mus rau lub teb chaws Yelemees, cov kev xyaum kuj tau nyob rau hauv lub tsev. Zoo pib nrog films, sib tham, zaj nkauj. Nws yog lub npe hu hais tias tus hnov nco - ib qho ntawm feem loyal thiab txhim khu kev qha. German yooj yim ntog rau hauv pob ntseg. Ntawm no yog lub tseem ceeb tshaj plaws - xim, vim hais tias thaum xub thawj tej zaum nws yuav zoo li coj txawv txawv, nyob rau hauv tus, raws li nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm lwm yam lwm hom lus, yog ib tug neeg hnov lawv rau thawj lub sij hawm.