Ethiopian cov tsiaj ntawv. Ethiopian Abugida. Vim li cas cov Ethiopian tsiaj ntawv yog zoo li Armenian

Ethiopian cov tsiaj ntawv - sau ntawv system sau phau ntawv thiab tej lus Ge'ez, nrog rau Amharic, Tigre thiab Tigrinya siv nyob rau hauv Ethiopia (Abyssinia), thiab Eritrea. Thaj, muaj yog los ntawm lub South Semitic Sabaean sau ntawv thaum pib ntawm lub IV. Txawm li cas los, cov kev soj ntsuam lub tswv yim hais tias thaum lub Ethiopian cov tsiaj ntawv raug tsim, diverge. Nws tseem yog tsis paub hais tias seb qhov no yog ib tug tshwm sim ntawm lub tsheb txhob sibtsoo evolution ntawm kev sau ntawv los yog hais tias nws twb concocted los ntawm ib tug neeg. Niaj hnub no, nws yog lam xav hais tias cov tsiaj ntawv muaj hloov zuj zuj maj, thiab niam yog lub txiaj ntsim ntawm lub chaw ua hauj lwm ntawm ib tug neeg sau ntawv. Fwm inscriptions IV caug xyoo. nyob rau hauv cov lus ntawm Ge'ez, sau los ntawm Sabian thiab variants ntawm lub Ethiopian tsab ntawv.

Abugida muaj 26 tsiaj ntawv, tag nrho cov uas yog consonants. Nyob rau hauv no yooj yim cim nws yuav hloov dua siab tshiab rau hauv syllabic los ntawm kev ntxiv duas vocalizations. 24 raug muab tau los ntawm cov 28 cov tsiaj ntawv ntawm cov tsiaj ntawv nrog rau cov tas li ntawd Sabaean graphemes rau xaiv sound "p", uas yog tsis nyob rau hauv lub qhov chaw. Xa cov tsiaj ntawv, raws li txwv mus rau Sabaean thiab lwm yam Semitic lus - los ntawm sab laug mus rau sab xis. Tej zaum qhov no yog qhov tshwm sim ntawm Greek cawv.

lwm saib

Daim ntawv keeb kwm ntawm Ge'ez yog tsis yog li ntawd ib qho yooj yim ua raws li, xws li Latin. Historians tau tsis xav pom nyob rau hauv cov neeg ntawm teb chaws Africa thawj creators ntawm kab lis kev cai, uas flourished thiab dim rau centuries nyob rau hauv nws tshwj xeeb. Lawv yuav tsis to taub nws, tsis tau muab lawv cov prejudices thiab tsis kho nws mus kom ze. A qho ntsiab ntawm lub Ge'ez systems kev tshawb fawb yog t. N. lwm paradigm. Qhov no notion uas sillabary muaj los ntawm qhov chaw, feem ntau ntawm cov ancient Arabian ceg av qab teb. Qhov no yuav ua rau qhov chaw tsis yog "dub" Teb chaws Africa, tab sis lub Middle East Asia, yog li lees tias cov ntxub lwm haiv neeg txoj kev ntseeg hais tias dub twb tsis tau muaj ntaub ntawv thiab kab lis kev cai ntawm ib lub sij hawm thaum txoj kev vam meej ntawm lub Phoenicians tau nyuam qhuav pib. Txawm niaj hnub no, qhov no Eurocentric hypothesis txaus nyob rau hauv Ge'ez qeb Semitic, tsis African lus. Kev ntxub ntxaug, uas pursues tshawb nrhiav lub keeb kwm ntawm Ethiopian ntaub ntawv, tshwm txawm nyob rau hauv tsis ntev los no keeb kwm ntawm science. Piv txwv li, Silviya Pankherst nyob rau hauv phau ntawv "Ethiopia: keeb kwm ntawm kab lis kev cai" neeg pab leg ntaubntawv hais tias South Arabian cov neeg tsiv teb coj nrog lawv cov kev paub ntawm cov kev siv ntawm cov hlau, tillage, yaj, nees, ntxhuav, tseem ceeb nroj tsuag, qhov zoo tshaj plaws riam phom, xws li ib tug loj sharpened hmuv, thiab tej zaum round tawv tiv thaiv uas lub zos warriors twb txog thaum nyuam qhuav. Lawv kuj pab mus rau kev tsim kho ntawm lub tsev ua los ntawm cov pob zeb, nqa nrog nws lub architectural yeej thiab siv hom kev kawm, kos duab rau ntawm kev sau ntawv thiab qhov zoo nkauj Ethiopian niam ntawv. Rau qhov kev kawm ntawm cov Ethiopian civilization ntawm lub tseem ceeb tshaj plaws kos duab uas As settlers tuaj nrog lawv, nws twb sau ntawv.

Nws yog yuav hais tias geez system pom nws cov keeb kwm heev dua lwm yam nyob rau hauv Iyiv hieroglyphics, raws li zoo documented Latin, tsis muaj teeb meem yuav ua li cas nyob deb nws yuav zoo li. Cov assumption uas sau ntawv nyob rau hauv xws ze sib thooj mus Ancient tim lyiv teb chaws yog thawj zaug mus rau ib tug ntev kev mus ncig mus rau sab hnub tuaj nyob rau hauv South Arabia, thiab ces rov qab mus Ethiopia los tsim rau hauv nws cov lus kawg lawm, raws li tw ntawm prevailing kev tshawb xav no mas nyob deb heev-fetched. Yog li ntawd, lawv ntseeg hais tias yog tsis muaj yog vim li cas mus ntseeg tau hais tias cov Iyiv tub txawj tub ntse, cov xib hwb, thiab thiaj li, lub system ntawm Hieroglyphs tsis kis tusyees thoob plaws lub rooj tsavxwm.

Muaj pes tsawg leeg Abugida

Ge'ez cov tsiaj ntawv muaj 182 cim. Nws yog ncaj ncees rau hais tias tag nrho cov yooj yim graphemes 26, tag nrho cov uas yog consonants, thiab lwm yam tsim los ntawm ntxiv cwj nrag thiab cov kev hloov ua rau lub yooj yim nrhiav kom xaiv ib tug cim suab, los yog yuav tau kho qhov yooj yim tsiaj ntawv. Nyob rau hauv Geez loj thiab lowercase ntawv tsis distinguished, raws li nws tshwm sim nyob rau hauv lub Latin tsiaj ntawv nyob rau hauv lub VII caug xyoo. Tsis ligatures los yog lwm yam modifiers (raws li nyob rau hauv G thiab g), raws li zoo raws li heev me ntsis cov cim. Yog li ntawd, rau ntau yog kev sib piv ntawm loj (a), txo cov ntaub ntawv (A), thiab tsiaj ntawv nrog luag Iwm haiv neeg tias (à) nyob rau hauv lub Latin tsiaj ntawv yuav pom tau tias nyias muaj nyias ib graphemes raws li tej tsab ntawv, uas tej zaum yuav muaj mob nrog lawv tej cim ( 's). Tab sis txawm nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no sillabary geez ntau npaum li cas.

versatility Geez

Ethiopian cov tsiaj ntawv tsis yog tsuas yog ib tug txhais tau tias ntawm nrig txog kev pom cov sawv cev ntawm lus thiab cov suab. Nws muaj 5 yooj yim zog: pictographic, ideographic, Astrographic, numerology thiab sillabograficheskim. Abugida kuj pab tau mus rau rethink tsab ntawv raws li ib tug tag nrho. Nws cov khoom hais tias cov niaj hnub lub tswv yim ntawm kev sau ntawv ib tug nqaim heev thiab muaj qhia tsawg nws philosophical, ntuav, lus thiab keeb kwm yam.

pictograms

Geez pictorial sab hais tias sillabary los ntawm cov dluab twv los yog theej los ntawm qhov thiab tib neeg kev sis raug zoo nrog nws. Cov yooj yim qauv ntawm ib tug pictographic system thiab qhov chaw ntawm lub Latin tsiaj ntawv thiab tus neeg Aithi-yog Iyiv Hieroglyphs. Geez - yog abstracted pictorial lus. Ib qho piv txwv ntawm lub icon yog ob tsab ntawv በ (BA), nyob rau hauv thawj koom ruam (tsev), uas yog ib tug stylized qhov rooj. Pictographic caij yog pom kuj nyob rau hauv tsab ntawv ሀ (HA), thawj nyob rau hauv lub "tsov ntxhuav" lo lus, cov tsiaj ntawv thiab tag nrho cov ntug.

tswv yim

Ideography thib ob geez vaj tse txhais tau tias cov tsiaj ntawv ntawm cov tsiaj ntawv sawv cev rau cov tswv yim sib txawv, qhov tseem ceeb, philosophical, thiab kev txiav txim. Txhua lub cim tseem ceeb muaj 7 xaiv, sawv cev rau ib tug cim suab uas li nram no. Txhua chav kawm ntawv yog txuam nrog sib txawv ideological ntsiab. Piv txwv li, lub thib rau qib ረ (RA) muaj Re'es ntau (thawj coj, tus neeg saib xyuas los yog tus thawj saib xyuas). Cov lus hais txog mus rau lub thib qib, raws li ib tug txoj cai, yuav mus rau hauv lub secular coj noj coj ua, raws li nyob rau hauv rooj plaub Re'esa Mange'st (lub taub hau ntawm lub xeev).

daim ntawv qhia hnub

Astrography los yog lub hnub qub daim ntawv qhia thiab ua li no, lub daim ntawv qhia hnub yog tus thib peb nam Geez. Ib tug system muaj 26 chav kawm thiab 7 variants ntawd feem ntau yog 182 syllabic cim. Qhov no yog ib nrab ntawm cov xov tooj 364, uas yog ib nrab los yog tus xov tooj ntawm hnub ntawm lub equinox. Tus txivneej Ethi-daim ntawv qhia hnub tag nrho lub hlis muaj 30 hnub, tshwj tsis yog rau lub ntxiv lub hlis, ntev xwb tsib los sis rau hnub. Semester pib rau hnub tim 1 thiab Lub kaum hli ntuj 1. Txhua yam ntawm tus 182 cim yog ib hnub. Ib tug ntxiv ib hnub nyob rau hauv lub sab hnub poob daim ntawv qhia hnub yuav tsum tau ntaus nqi rau inaccuracies ntawm lub hnub ci thiab equinoctial xyoo. 7 variations ntawm txhua hoob kawm yog 7 hnub ib lub lim tiam, pib nrog Ge'ez (Sunday) thiab xaus Shabat (Saturday).

numerology

Txhua tsab ntawv ntawm cov tsiaj ntawv raws li ib tug hais txog zauv tus nqi xws li ntawm 1 mus rau 5600. Lawv yog cov codes Ethiopian Mystic esoteric system. Lub suav qhov tseem ceeb ntawm graphite, thiab cov lus ntawm cov phau qub pab nws txhais lus thiab muab ib tug mnemonic npiv zas rau qhov ncauj retelling. Piv txwv li, Abraham lub npe coj mus rau lub hais txog zauv tus nqi 60 (40 + 9 + 6 + 1 + 4), uas thaum muab faib los ntawm tus xov tooj ntawm cov cim (5) raws li ib tug tshwm sim ntawm txoj kev ua rau tus xov tooj 12, sib nug xov mus rau lub xov tooj ntawm lub tsev Ixayees.

Vim li cas cov Ethiopian tsiaj ntawv yog zoo li Armenian?

Txawm hais tias cov writings hom lus, nyob deb, lawv muaj ib qho cuab cev resemblance, thiab txawm ntau tshaj ntawm tib cov tsiaj ntawv. Lub teb chaws thiab lawv cov lus tau hloov zuj zuj ntawm nws tus kheej ntawm txhua tus lwm yam, sib cais los ntawm ib tug deb ntawm txog 3.5 txhiab. Km ntawm av thiab hiav txwv. Muaj coob tus neeg ntseeg tau hais tias kev sau ntawv Geez, hu ua Fidel, tau tshwm sim ntau npaum li cas ua ntej tshaj tam sim no Armenian, thiab muaj ntau ntau yam theories txog lub kev sib raug zoo nruab nrab ntawm lawv. Ib qho ntawm feem nrov theories yog raws li nyob rau hauv lub ntev Christian keeb kwm ntawm cov teb chaws: Armenia officially los ua tus thawj heev Christian lub teb chaws nyob rau hauv 301 AD. e, thiab Abyssinia -. lub thib ob nyob rau hauv 316

Nyob ib ncig ntawm 406 ntawm neeg ua hauj lwm ntawm kev tsim ib tug tshiab cov tsiaj ntawv rau tau muab rau cov St. Mesrop Mashtots Great Armenia. Neeg uas nyob ntawm lub teb chaws nrhiav kom deb nws tus kheej los ntawm ib ncig lub xeev thiab txoj kev ntseeg uas sim yuav tsum yeej xwb lawv. Nws yog ntseeg hais tias Mesrop yuav tau raws li Ethiopian ntseeg nyob rau pilgrimage mus rau Yeluxalees, thiab tau txais lawv rau ib qho ntawm cov kev cai dab qhuas ntawv. Yog hais tias nws muaj ib tug phau Vajlugkub nyob rau hauv Ge'ez lus, nws yog heev yuav hais tias nws borrowed ib co cim ua kom tiav nws tsis tiav niam ntawv. Armenia thiab Abyssinia twb States uas yog ntsib nrog qhov teeb meem qub - rau ntau xyoo lawv yog cov tsuas Christian haiv neeg nyob rau hauv lawv cov cheeb tsam thiab nyob rau hauv yuav tsum tau ntawm tib kev cai dab qhuas ntaub ntawv.

Lub UCLA Library muaj ib tug sau ntawm Armenian thaud ntawm lub XIV xyoo pua., Nrog txoj moo zoo GLADZOR. Lawv muaj tag nrho-nplooj Miniatures, richly decorated nrog daim qhia hnub hli, intricate ornaments thiab portraits ntawm cov neeg ntseeg muaj nyob rau hauv lub ntsiab ntawv nyeem. Muaj ntau Ethiopian thaud sau thiab dai kom zoo nkauj zog npaum li cas, thicker kab thiab evince cov artist txhais tes thiab lub sau neeg tsim xwb. Cov ntawv nyeem yog muab faib mus rau hauv tej thaj chaw ib txwm sau nyob rau hauv liab thiab dub kua mem sau, decorations feem ntau tua nyob rau hauv tej yam ntuj tso xim. Lawv lub povhaum lus dag nyob rau hauv ib co theem ntawm tactility thiab ib yam uas tsis raws kev cai.

Cov neeg ntawm lub ob haiv neeg

Armenian thiab Ethiopian haiv neeg koom los ntawm ib tug ntev li keeb kwm ntawm kev phooj ywg, tab sis nws pib ntau tom qab tshaj li lawv sau ntawv tau tsim. Ob tug piv txwv rau sawv tawm. Thaum pib ntawm lub XVI caug xyoo. Armenian ua lag luam nkag mus hauv cov kev pab cuam ntawm lub tsev hais plaub ntawm lub Ethiopian huab tais. Nws los ua tus thawj ambassador rau Abyssinia nyob rau hauv Portugal. Qhov teeb meem no yog nyuab los ntawm qhov tseeb hais tias lub Portuguese tsis ntseeg tias nws yog ib tug Armenian, nws yog tseeb ib qhov tseeb, uas nws neeg pab leg ntaubntawv yuav, thiab txawm ntau nyuab thaum nws rov qab rov qab. Lwm cov ntaub ntawv tsis ntev los no tshwm sim nyob rau hauv thaum ntxov 1920 los. Tom qab lub Armenian genocide Crown Prince of Ethiopia, Ras Tafari tau ntsib nyob rau hauv lub nroog Yeluxalees 40 yog me nyuam ntsuag ntawm Armenia. Nws li ces thiaj li fascinated los ntawm lawv tias tag nrho cov coj los siv thiab coj nrog nws mus rau nws teb koj chaw. Nws muab lawv qhov zoo tshaj plaws cov suab paj nruas kev kawm ntawv, thiab 40 Armenian cov me nyuam tsim cov thawj nom lub xeev orchestra ntawm lub teb chaws no. Ua ke lawv tsim lub Imperial Ethiopian national anthem, uas tseem unchanged kom txog rau thaum 1974.

Africa cim

Ethiopian Abugida opposite alphabetic system nyob rau hauv nws cov sis raug zoo nrog cov lus hais lus. Txawm hais tias yuav tsum tau kawm tau ntau yam ntawm cov ua cim, nyob rau hauv ib lub siab, lawv pab txhawb tus sau. Enjoying syllabary cia tsawg uas tsis, vim hais tias cov lus suab zoo li phonetic sau ntawv, kev sau ntawv dictated los ntawm nws cov meej thiab vice versa. Nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb, Abugida tso cai rau peb kom peb sau tej lo lus nyob rau hauv txhua hom lus. African Ge'ez yog ib tug ntawm cov hiob sau lus nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no. Nws tseem unchanged rau 2000 xyoo, ib tug ua tim khawv rau nws adaptability thiab txoj kev txoj kev Workers suab. Sau ntawv - tsis tsuas qauv sau ntawv lub caij, tab sis kuj yog ib tug txoj kev uas yuav plunge rau hauv lub ancient ntiaj teb no ntawm teb chaws Africa, nws philosophy thiab kev ntseeg system heev dua lwm yam tsim thaum ntxov zej zog.