Hypation Chronicle - ib tug tshwj xeeb monument ntawm ancient cov ntaub ntawv

Feem ntau ntawm cov lus qhia txog keeb kwm ntawm ancient Russia peb gleaned los ntawm cov keeb kwm. Qhov no ib hom ntawv nyeem ntawm lub qub Lavxias teb sab ntaub ntawv lawm thiab tseem yog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm cov ntaub ntawv keeb kwm rau niaj hnub science, nrog rau archaeological kev tshawb fawb. Ntawm kev txaus siab rau tus neeg tshawb fawb yog Hypation Chronicle. Yog vim li cas? Cia peb kawm ua ke.

Vaj Keeb Kwm

Lub npe "Chronicle" hais lus rau nws tus kheej - cov sau ntawv ntawm cov txheej xwm tshaj nws lub xyoos, xyoo. Tus sau phau ntawv twb feem ntau monks ntawm lub monastery, uas tshab xyuas lub essence ntawm lub ntsiab txheej xwm noj qhov chaw. Nyob rau hauv lub feudal lub sij hawm, txhua princely lub tsev yog nws tus kheej teeb, uas kuj tau muab ib yam los txhais lus rau dab tsi tshwm sim nyob rau hauv qhov kev txaus siab ntawm qhov kev txiav txim dynasty. Tus thawj chroniclers nyob rau hauv Russia nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua eleventh. Cov hlob, extant tej hauj lwm nyob rau hauv no ib hom ntawv nyeem - "Chronicle ntawm bygone Xyoo", sau roughly ib ncig 1113 ib tug haujsam ntawm Kiev-Pechersk Lavra Nestor.

Historians pom ob peb dozens ntawm zoo xws li cov poob lawm ntawm cov txheej xwm. Lub nto moo tshaj plaws thiab ancient sawv daws yuav yog cov Laurentian Chronicle thiab Hypation Chronicle. Koov yog suav tias yog ib yam khoom, xws li ib tug kev suav pej xeem ntawm ua ntej lawm qhov chaw, uas tau raug complemented los ntawm tsis ntev los no cov txheej xwm. Yog li, lub "Chronicle ntawm bygone Xyoo" yog muaj nyob rau hauv feem ntau ntawm cov vaults ntawm lub caij lub sij hawm raws li tus pib ntawm zaj dab neeg.

Nakhodka Karamzin

Nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua puv 19 Lavxias teb sab historian Nikolai Karamzin sab nyob rau hauv cov archives ntawm lub Ipatiev Monastery nyob ze Kostroma Chronicle. Nws twb tham rau lub 14th caug xyoo. Nws lub npe - Hypation Chronicle - yog nyob rau hauv lub qhov chaw ntawm foundations. Nrog rau qhov no set ntawm Laurentian nws yog ib tug ntawm cov hiob. Nws peculiarity yog tias, sib nrug los ntawm cov ib txwm xam nrog ntawm lub narrative ntawm Nestor, nws muaj ib tug ncauj lus kom ntxaws account ntawm lub keeb kwm ntawm cov txheej xwm Kiev nqi zog thaum lub sij hawm lub reign ntawm Rurik Rostislavovich thiab Galicia-Volyn av ua ntej thaum xaus ntawm lub xyoo pua 13th. Qhov no yog ib tug tshwj xeeb cov khoom siv rau kev kawm cov keeb kwm ntawm ancient sab qab teb-western pawg neeg thaj av tom qab thaum pib ntawm feudal fragmentation thiab lub tsev lag luam ntawm lub Tatar-Mongol txoj cai.

Yuav ua li cas mus nyeem cov ntawv nyeem?

Acquaintance nrog lub ancient keeb kwm tau rau ib tug ntau ntawm cov txawj nyeem ntawv. Ua ntej, tshaj 150 xyoo dhau los nws luam tawm Sau kom tiav Collection ntawm Lavxias teb sab Vaj Keeb Kwm. Secondly, thaum lub caij feem ntau ntawm lawv yog cov muaj nyob hauv internet. Ntawm cov hoob kawm, lawv yuav ua nyob rau hauv raws li cov niaj hnub Lavxias teb sab lus. Hypation Chronicle, ib tug neeg txhais lus uas yog tseem nqa nyob rau hauv Ukrainian hom lus, dhau lawm, yog muaj nyob hauv txhua xav neeg. Ib txhia ntawm nws qhov chaw nyob nyob rau hauv lus Askiv. Tab sis, yog hais tias koj tseem muaj lub siab xav mus nyeem phau ntawv ntawm lub keeb kwm nyob rau hauv tus thawj, ces koj yuav tsum tau kawm, yam tsawg kawg, lub qub Slavonic. Ntaub ntawv luam thiab muab tso rau hauv internet.

Txheem Hypatius vault

Cov feem ntau txais qee ntawm peb feem teem nyob rau hauv kev saib xyuas. Thawj Chronicle ntawm Ipatiev daim ntawv teev yog tsoos rau tag nrho cov lwm leej lwm tus - nws yog "taleas ntawm bygone Xyoo". Txawm hais tias muaj nyob ua ib ke ib co sib txawv, specification cov ntaub ntawv, tsis tau pom nyob rau hauv lwm yam vaults. Qhov no qhia tau hais tias qhov chaw tau ua tus creation ntawm lub yav qab teb Lavxias teb sab pawg neeg thaj av, qhov chaw uas tus sau twb nkag tau mus rau ib tug set ntawm cov ntaub ntawv thiab archives, thiab tau qhia kom meej cov ntaub ntawv tsim nyog.

Qhov thib ob yog ib feem yog hu ua Kiev. Ntau mloog yog them rau nws nyob rau hauv lub reign ntawm tub huabtais Rostislav Ryuryuka ntawm lub tsev. Tej zaum, lub Abbot Vydubychi Monastery yog tus sau ntawm no yog ib feem ntawm lub teeb ntawm "Hypation Chronicle".

Ukraine, precisely ntau, Galicia-Volyn Rus, nyob rau hauv lub thib kaum peb xyoo pua yog nyob rau hauv peb ib feem ntawm tus thawj. Qhov no yog ib feem yog txawv los ntawm lub yav dhau los sawv daws yuav. Nyob rau hauv tus thawj, nws tsis txawm muaj cov tsoos enumeration ntawm cov hnub uas zoo li tau muab tso cia rau thaum luam tom qab. Cia peb nyob rau hauv ob lub qhov chaw.

Kiev chronicle

Paradoxical raws li nws yuav sound, tab sis lub chronicle ntawm Kiev kuj yog ib tug txheej ntawm chroniclers ntawm ob peb princes uas kav nyob rau hauv Kiev. Lub kaum ob xyoo pua yog heev yooj yim rau lub teb chaws. Tujtaws muaj yog ib tug tawm tsam rau lub zwm txwv ntawm Monomakh thiab Olegovichy. Qhov no sib yog pom tsis tau tsuas yog nyob rau hauv lub capital nroog, tab sis kuj nyob rau hauv lwm thaj av. Monomashichi tsiv mus rau cov northeast, yeej muaj cov tsis kawg hwj chim thiab Olegovichy tseem nyob rau hauv sab qab teb, endangered Polovtsian raids.

Nyob rau hauv 1185 muaj ib tug tu siab Igorya Svyatoslavovicha phiaj los nqis tes nyob rau hauv lub steppe, piav nyob rau hauv lub "Lay". Kev sib raug zoo thereto nyob rau hauv ib tug kiag li opposite Lavrent'evskiy thiab Hypatian keeb kwm. Cov yav tas qhia tau hais tias ntau pab koj tu siab thiab leniency mus rau lub ua tsis tau tejyam sim los daws Igor Lavxias teb sab teb chaws los ntawm cov yeeb ncuab. Nyob rau hauv lub koov ntawm lub sab qaum teb-eastern pawg neeg thaj av Igor txim rau arrogance, rau qhov tseeb hais tias tsis tos kev pab los ntawm cov kwv tij. Ib txhia soj ntsuam ntseeg tau hais tias thaum pib ntawm lub Kiev chronicle muab tso rau hauv Chernigov thiab Pereyaslavl nyob rau hauv tub huabtais Rostislav. Nws yog los ntawm lub ntsiab lus ntawm lub neej ntawm lub yav qab teb principalities.

Hais txog Galicia-Volyn Rus

Galich thiab Volyn li Western ciam teb ntawm Kievan Rus, twb tseem ceeb nta nyob rau hauv txoj kev loj hlob. Nyob rau nuances ntawm cov nom tswv nriaj, lub thoob ntiaj teb kev sib txuas nrog 1205 los ntawm 1292 peb nyeem nyob rau hauv Ipatiev Chronicle. Nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg tias drafters ntawm lub xeem ib feem kawm ntawv cov neeg ntawm nws lub sij hawm, raws li cov Greek thiab siv cov ua ntej lawm Laus Lavxias teb sab chaw. Cov ntaub ntawv lawv tau txais los ntawm cov ntawv qhia rau ambassadors, Princes charters, ua tub rog dab neeg. Tsaug rau no vault peb muaj ib tug paub piav qhia txog ntawm cov sib ntaus sib tua ntawm lub Kalka thiab lub txim ntawm qhov ntxeem tau ntawm Batu nyob rau hauv sab qab teb-western Russia. Tam sim no vam thiab cia siab yog to taub hais tias piav Hypation Chronicle thiab yog vim li cas nws yog nthuav yuav ua li cas lub townsfolk, thiab kev historians.