Homogeneous system

Yuav kom tuab ib tug txaus loj tus naj npawb ntawm tag nrho ob qho tshuaj thiab lub cev muaj dab thiab tshuab siv hauv qeb ntawm "theem".

Nyob rau hauv lub nyuaj kev txiav txim zoo "theem" qeb hu ua ywj siab, ib feem ntawm ib tug tej system, uas yog yus muaj los ntawm txheeb ze homogeneity ntawm cov qauv thiab muaj pes tsawg leeg. Theem, yog feem ntau txaus siv yooj yim thiab sib cais los ntawm lwm yam theem ntawm lub system ib yam txwv - los ntawm interfacial seem.

Los ntawm qhov seem yus pom ntawm tshuaj tshuab uas muaj xws li homogeneous system yuav ua theem tshuaj nyob rau hauv tej pawg xeev: gas, khoom, kua, thiab lawv cov mixtures thiab cov kev daws. Ib tug ntau cuab yeej kuj ua uas muaj ib feem tsis yog mixed roj, kua, los yog ib yam ntawm cov khib nyiab tsim ib daim theem. Piv txwv li, yog hais tias peb xav txog ua ib tug qauv system muaj dej khov, uas melts thiab dej, ob theem peev xwm yuav txawv nyob rau hauv no system - cov dej thiab dej khov. Lub fact tias lawv muaj tsawg kawg yog ib tug thiab, tab sis nyob rau hauv cov qauv ntawm cov sib txawv tshuaj, thiab yog li ntawd sawv cev rau lub yooj yim theem. Ib yam li ntawd, koj yuav muab cov piv txwv ntawm lub hav zoov ntawm tshuaj nyob rau hauv uas peb muaj peev xwm kho lub xub ntiag ntawm xwb ib theem. Cov yuav tsum muaj xws li huab cua, ib tug aqueous tov ntawm poov tshuaj permanganate, hydrochloric acid. Nyob rau hauv cov tebchaw, muaj yog tsis muaj khees interphase seem thiab nyob rau txhua kis ntawm nws lub cev qauv yog uniform.

Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm, hais tias nyob rau hauv thaum pib ntawm lub tsab xov xwm txhais yog tsis txaus thiab kev. Nws comprises ib tug yuav tsum tau muaj homogeneity thiab yog leejtwg tiag ntawm muaj pes tsawg leeg, tab sis qhov no mus kom ze yog tsuas yam nyob rau hauv kev sib hwm ntawm equilibrium systems. Nyob rau hauv tib cov ntaub ntawv, thaum lub system yog nyob rau hauv lub xeev ntawm cov tshuaj cov tshuaj tiv thaiv, cov theem yuav ua tau inhomogeneous. Thiab qhov ntim ntawm lub homogeneous theem yog commensurate nrog cov kev ntsuas cov ntsiab constituting muab theem.

Qeb "theem" thiab ua hauj lwm pab raws li ib tug qauv tshau rau cov kev faib ntawm lub cev thiab tshuaj tshuab. Raws li cov xov tooj ntawm tag nrho cov tshuab raug muab faib mus rau hauv hom xws li ib tug homogeneous system thiab ib tug ua kev system. Raws li nws yog tau thiab formulate thiab txhais tau no. Ua kev systematic yog ib tug nyob rau hauv uas lub xov tooj ntawm theem yog tsis sib npaug zos rau ib tug. Thiab, raws li, ib tug homogeneous system - ib tug system nyob rau hauv uas tsuas yog ib theem yog tso tawm.

Theem lawv tus kheej kuj txwv kom muab zais rau hauv hom. Cov khoom theem - yog ib tug nyob rau hauv uas tau txais los ntawm ib tug taw tes rau lwm tus tshwm sim tsis hla ib theem seem. Nws yog ib lub xub ntiag ntawm no thiab xwb no theem yog yus los ntawm ib tug homogeneous system.

Nyob rau hauv sib piv rau nws ua kev system yog tsim raws li ib tug tas mus li theem thiab ib tug dispersed, uas yog fragmented rau hauv ib tug xov tooj ntawm cais Cheebtsam.

Piv txwv ntawm homogeneous systems yuav ua tau tseeb lub ntsiab, vim hais tias cov hais uas roos lawv, yog ib tug sib tov uas tshwm sim nyob rau atomic theem.

Qhov loj tshaj lub cev lub ntsiab lus ntawm cov tswvyim no characterizes pawg no, raws li cov equilibrium qhov ntawm ib tug homogeneous system. Qhov no tsis tu ncua, nyob rau hauv lem, characterizes lwm tseem ceeb khoom teejtug uas yog homogeneous tshuab - tshuav nyiaj li cas. Lub tshua uas coj qhov chaw nyob rau hauv ib tib theem, xa mus rau raws li homogeneous, uas txhais tau tias tag nrho cov ntsiab muab kev koom tes nyob rau hauv nws yog nyob rau hauv tib lub xeev ntawm aggregation. Equilibrium nyob rau hauv lub chav kawm ntawm xws tshua yog yus muaj los ntawm xws li ib tug tshaj plaws li equilibrium nyob rau hauv ib tug homogeneous system. Qhov no txhais tau tias rau tej tshua tshwm sim rau xws li ib tug txheej concentration theem uas tej zaum tseem tag nrho ob qho tib neeg thiab rov qab tshua tsis pub dhau. Lub xeev no yog hu ua lub xeev ntawm cov tshuaj equilibrium , thiab nws yog, thiab loj, nws ua hauj lwm pab raws li ib tug qhia rau cov uas tsis tu tsis tseg raws li xws li rau cov tshuaj tiv thaiv.

Cov equilibrium qhov ua rau nws tau los mus txiav txim lub peev xwm mus ua kom tiav cov tshuaj cov tshuaj tiv thaiv nyob rau hauv tej yam tej yam kev mob. Nws yog ib tug universal nqi thiab yog hais txog tej system.