Acrylic acid. Tshuaj zog. daim ntawv thov

Acrylic acid - yog ib tug ntawm cov nyuaj cov neeg sawv cev ntawm unsaturated monobasic carboxylic acids. Nws mis yog raws li nram no: CH2 = CH-COOH. Nws yog ib tug tsis muaj kob kua muaj ib tug ntse thiab tsis kaj siab tsw. Soluble nyob rau hauv dej, chloroform, diethyl cawv thiab ethanol, txav mus ntxiv polymerized tsim polyacrylic acid. Nyob rau hauv lub acrylic acid muaj lwm lub npe: etenkarbonovaya acid thiab propenoic acid.

Yuav ua li cas kom tau (los yog los ua ke) acrylic acid?

1. Tam sim no, acrylic acid yog ua los ntawm cov pa theem oxidation ntawm propylene nrog rau oxygen (O2) rau molybdenum, Bismuth los yog cobalt catalysts. Ib qho piv txwv yog cov nram qab no cov tshuaj tiv thaiv:

CH2 = CH-CH3 (propylene) + O2 (oxygen) = CH2 = CH-COOH (acrylic acid)

2. Nyob rau hauv lub dhau los lawm, tau siv cov tshuaj tiv thaiv nyob rau hauv uas cov pa roj carbon monoxide yog reacted II (CO), acetylene (SN≡SN) thiab dej (H2O). Cov tshuaj cov tshuaj tiv thaiv yuav nyob rau tib lub sij hawm yog raws li nram no:

SN≡SN (acetylene) + CO (carbon monoxide II) + H2O (dej) → CH2 = CH-COOH (acrylic acid).

Lwm siv formaldehyde reacted nrog ketene:

CH2 = C = O (ketene) + H2C = O (formaldehyde) → CH2 = CH-COOH (propenoic acid).

3. Tam sim no los ntawm Rohm thiab Haas tsim tshwj xeeb acid synthesis technology etenkarbonovoy los ntawm hluav taws roj zeb.

Tshuaj thaj chaw ntawm acrylic acid

Xam tias yog peb acid yuav tsim ntsev, esters, anhydrides, amides, acid chlorides, thiab lwm yam sib txuas. Tsis tas li ntawd nws yuav tau nkag mus rau hauv ib qho ntxiv cov tshuaj tiv thaiv, yog cov yam ntxwv ntawm lub ethylene carbons. Dej haum, protonic acids thiab NH3 tshwm sim tsis los ntawm lub Markovnikov txoj cai. Nyob rau hauv no rau pawg derivatives thereof. Acrylic acid yog muab kev koom tes nyob rau hauv lub diene synthesis. Tsis tas li ntawd condensed nrog rau ntau yam aryl diazonium ntsev. Thaum lub ultraviolet irradiation, nws cov ntaub ntawv ib tug polyacrylic acid.

Kev siv ntawm acrylic kiloty

- siv raws li ib tug raw khoom nyob rau hauv qhov siv thiab ua ib tug ntau yam ntawm polymer khoom nrog sib txawv tshuaj thiab lub zog (e.g., yas thiab coatings);

- yog siv nyob rau hauv qhuav ntawm aqueous dispersions ntawm acrylic xim tsev; nyob rau lub cheeb tsam ntawm daim ntawv thov ntawm xws li xim tsev yuav nyob ntawm seb cov tshuaj thaj chaw ntawm lub copolymer - kawg painting ntawm tsheb thiab qab nthab yuav tsum tau pleev xim rau;

- acrylic acid thiab nws cov derivatives yog siv los tsim cov impregnation ntawm daim tawv nqaij thiab cov nqaij mos rau emulsions nyob rau hauv cov xim tsev, raws li ib tug raw khoom rau acrylic rubbers thiab acrylic fibers, siv adhesives, thiab mixtures thereof; metaakrilovoy esters thiab acrylic acid (feem ntau yog siv ethers, methyl methacrylate thiab methyl acrylate) siv nyob rau hauv qhuav ntawm polymers;

- qhov chaw ntawm cov acrylic acid yog siv nyob rau hauv cov creation ntawm superabsorbents.

Kom cia ntawm acrylic acid

Thaum khaws cia rau hauv lub tshuaj nyob rau hauv kev txiav txim kom tsis txhob polymerization inhibitor yog ntxiv - hydroquinone. Ua ntej siv cov acid yuav tsum txij nrog ceev faj, txij li thaum nws tau txoj kev loj hlob explosively polymerization.

Kev Nyab Xeeb nyob rau hauv kev siv

Thaum ua hauj lwm nrog acrylic acid yuav tsum coj mus rau hauv tus account uas lub substance yog khaus rau ntawm daim tawv nqaij thiab qog ua kua week. Threshold irritant acid yog 0,04 mg / liter. Tom qab kev sib cuag nrog lub txheej membrane ntawm cov ceev ceev, raws li ib tug txoj cai, nws ua rau mob loj heev corneal kub nyhiab, yuav ua tau kom irreversible hloov (hu plig, tsis kho tau). Nqus tau pa acrylic acid vapors yuav ua rau mob taub hau, voos ntawm cov pa ib ntsuj av tau, thiab ntau zaug - txoj kev loj hlob ntawm pulmonary edema. Nyob rau hauv tej qhov chaw uas ua hauj lwm yog nqa tawm nrog acrylic acid, yuav tsum tau ib qhov kev tswj ntawm cov huab cua. MPC no acid yog 5 mg / metr³. Kev ruaj ntseg ntsuas yuav tsum tau cai thaum ua hauj lwm nrog rau lwm cov derivatives. Raws li cov piv txwv yog acrylonitrile.