Hlau, hlau ceev, nws cov khoom

Siv hlau txiv neej muaj ib tug ntev li keeb kwm. Hlau ores disseminated lug txaus. Cov hlau cov ntsiab lus nyob rau hauv lub kiav txhab yog 4.1 feem pua, uas yog, nyob rau hauv no parameter nws yog tus thib ob cov co thiab thib plaub ntawm tag nrho cov ntsiab. Yog li ntawd muaj yog tsis muaj dab tsi ceeb nyob rau hauv lub fact tias txawm ua ntej peb era (II century) pom ib tug txoj kev nws lawm thiab ntxiv ua. Nyob rau hauv lub neej yav tom ntej, paub technology, qhib li tshiab txoj kev ua hlau, thiab maj cov hlau tau los ua ib tug thawj coj nyob rau hauv qhuav ntawm khoom muag.

Tus nqi ntawm cov hlau tsis yog tas rau lub teb ntawm cov ntaub ntawv uas ntau lawm. Nws yog raws li ib tug kab keeb yog ib feem ntawm hemoglobin - liab xim ntawm peb cov ntshav yog vim muaj cov hlau nyob rau hauv nws. Hlau yog qhov tseem ceeb rau tej kev loj hlob thiab kev loj hlob ntawm cov nroj tsuag, nws yog muab kev koom tes nyob rau hauv oxidative dab thiab yog ib feem ntawm lub protoplasm.

Tej yam khoom uas, xws li hlau, nws muaj nws tus yam ntxwv. Yog hais tias cov dos rau ib kilogram ntawm no hlau, thiab ib tug kilogram ntawm plaub, tus luj lawv yuav ua tib yam, tsuas yog lub ntim nyob rau tib lub sij hawm lawv yuav nyob nkaus incomparable. Qhov no yog hais tias cov kev ceev ntawm hlau yog considerably tshaj qhov ntawd li ntawm fluff. Nyob rau hauv ceev to taub loj muaj nyob rau hauv ib chav tsev ntim. Txhua cov ntaub ntawv uas nws muaj nws tus kheej ceev. Nyob rau hauv dej, piv txwv li, ib txhiab kilograms / cubic Meter, los ntawm cov dej khov - cuaj kilograms / cubic Meter.

Nws txhais tias yog cov kev ceev ntawm lub loj mus rau lub nyob ib ntim piv. Thaum ib tug ceev yog los ntawm ob peb yam tseem ceeb. Yog li, nws nyob ntawm kub. Muaj ntau yam tshuaj muaj cov nram qab kev sib raug zoo siv: thaum kub txo cov kev ceev nce nrog nce - zuj zus lawm. Txawm li cas los, qhov no kav ib ob peb yam xwb, thiab ib tug ntawm lawv - dej. Ntawm no, tus txheem no yeej muaj tseeb thaum lub kub txo nws ceev tau tsawg.

Vim li ntawd ib qho kev zam nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no yog lub neej. Mis nyuj yog sib zog dua dej, thiab nws rests nyob rau saum npoo av. Txwv tsis pub, nws yuav tau poob mus rau hauv qab, nteg muaj thiab tsis yaj. Thiab tag nrho cov seas thiab oceans yuav tau khov kiag li lub sij hawm. Nws hloov tawm hais tias lub tswvyim ntawm teeb meem ceev ua rau ib tug tsis tshua interesting xaus txog tau lub neej nyob rau lub ntiaj teb.

lom zem ntau nyob ntawm cov kev ceev ntawm lub tshuaj nyob tus yeees ntawm cov tshuaj yeeb dej caw. Maximum ntxim rau cov kev ceev ntawm hlau muaj ib tug silicon thiab cov pa roj carbon. Lawv txo cov kev ceev ntawm ntshiab hlau tivthaiv 7800 kilograms / cubic Meter ntawm chav tsev kub. Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm, cov pa roj carbon cov ntsiab lus nyob thaj chaw ntawm hlau. Nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb, hlau yog siv nyob rau hauv alloys, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nrog cov pa roj carbon - nyob rau hauv ib tug ntau yam ntawm hlau thiab cam khwb cia hlau.

Cam khwb cia hlau feem ntau muaj ntau tshaj 2,14 feem pua carbon, cov pa roj carbon cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov hlau - ib tug tsawg dua (0.8-1%). cov kev ceev ntawm hlau nyob rau hauv cov neeg mob yuav sib txawv. Cov khoom cam khwb cia hlau muaj ib tug ntom ntawm 7000-7200 kg / cubic Meter ntawm zoo tib yam kub, lub steel nyob rau hauv tib tej yam kev mob muaj ib tug ntom ntawm 7500-7600 kg / cubic Meter. Yog li ntawd, nyob rau hauv ceev ntawm lub steel yog hlau thiab hlau.

Raws li nws tus yam ntxwv hlau yog lub cev tsis kho: yog hais tias nyob rau hauv nws ntaus nws lov. Steels ua los ntawm ub hlau nyob rau hauv qhov yooj yim cov pa cua sov. Nrog xws ua carbon ntsiab lus decreases, nws yog hais tias yuav tsum tau noj. Raws li nws cov khoom sib txawv heev los ntawm steel hlau. Nws yuav forged, kuav los tiag mus manufacture. Ntxiv thaj chaw ntawm lub steel acquires ua tsaug rau additives, muab nws tus yam ntxwv - lub dag lub zog, yooj, hardness.

Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv uas pom tau hais tias xws li ib tug tshaj plaws li cov kev ceev ntawm hlau. Cov yam ntxwv ntawm tej yam tshuaj ceev hloov nyob rau hauv ntau yam sab nraud tej yam kev mob. Rov xaiv thaj chaw ntawm cov hlau thiab nws tseem ceeb nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv uas ntau lawm thiab raws li ib tug kab keeb nyob rau hauv lub cev.