Raster graphics. Raster tawm tswv yim. Tsis zoo ntawm cov raster graphics

Khoos phib tawj graphics ntsiag to, tiam sis nyob ruaj khov nyob rau hauv peb lub neej txhua hnub. Nws tau ntev ceased mus yuav ib tug ntau ntawm cov neeg tseem ceeb. Txhua lub sij hawm hloov cov duab los ntawm ib cov koob yees duab rau koj lub computer los yog tsuas yog txhaj rau cov "Txuag" khawm mus ntxiv rau tus sau los ntawm koj nyiam daim duab, koj ua hauj lwm nrog computer graphics.

Yog nws muaj nqis siv sij hawm nyob rau hauv kev tshawb xav?

Basic paub txog yuav ua li cas rau txoj kev ua hauj lwm nrog cov dluab, yuav pab tau koj zoo. Extension tom qab cov ntaub ntawv npe yuav tsis muaj rau koj ib tug zoo ntawm cov khawv koob abracadabra, thiab yuav tsis tu ncua muab ntaub ntawv tseem ceeb. Koj muaj peev xwm consciously txiav txim siab uas dluab hlob zoo dua, thiaj li tsis mus clutter li qhov chaw nyob rau hauv koj hard disk thiab intelligently xaiv, uas txoj kev uas nws yuav ua tau.

Editing koj tus kheej cov duab thiab mus los ntawm ib tug "method ntawm scientific hmuv" rau ib tug tag nrho tshiab. Thiab ib co innocent kev lom zem nrog cov dluab nyob rau hauv cov kev tshuaj ntsuam thiab maj dhau nyob rau hauv ib tug es lucrative txoj hauj lwm.

Qhov txawv ntawm raster thiab vector graphics

Thaum no tus taw tes nyob rau hauv lub computer ib puag ncig yog mas siv vector thiab raster graphics. Lawv yog cov fundamentally sib txawv ntawm txhua lwm yam txoj kev encoding ntaub ntawv.

Nws yog tsis muaj daim card tias tag nrho cov ntaub ntawv nyob rau hauv ib tug computer kaw nrog ib tug binary code. Li no, tej ntaub ntawv, muab nws ntawv, cov duab los yog lub suab ib txoj kev yog encrypted. Nyob rau hauv thiaj li yuav kom cov vector duab, nws yog tawg cia rau hauv elementary geometric duab, uas, nyob rau hauv lem, piav los ntawm ib tug yooj yim xaam mis. Yog li, piv txwv li, "i" tsab ntawv mus rau lub graphical editor yuav tsum tau piav los ntawm ob thaum uas tig mus feem ntawm predetermined ntev uas yog tuaj koom los ntawm ib tug kab nyob rau ntawm ib kaum ntawm 45 degrees.

Raster duab tib yam yog muab faib rau ib tug sib txawv hauv paus ntsiab lus. Khoos phib tawj splits rau hauv ib tug plurality duab cov ntsiab lus, hu ua pixels, thiab khw muag khoom cov xim thiab qhov chaw ntawm txhua tus pixel.

Zoo thiab tsis zoo

Yog hais tias koj ua hauj lwm nrog vector kos duab, koj muaj peev xwm raws kom nws mus rau infinity. Ntxiv mus, cov duab zoo yog nyob rau hauv tsis muaj txoj kev tsis cuam tshuam. Txij li thaum lub tsis yog teev nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov geometric qauv, lub computer tsuas recycles lawv thiab nyob tag nrho voids yam xim. Raws li ib tug tshwm sim, koj muaj ib tug ntshiab duab.

Tsis zoo ntawm cov raster graphics yog rooted nyob rau hauv lub fact tias cov compression (uas nyob rau hauv feem ntau tus neeg mob yuav siv sij hawm qhov chaw thaum koj txuag cov ntaub ntawv) yuav ho raug mob ua tau zoo. Muaj thiaj li hu ua grain. Txawm li cas los, nws yog ib raster graphics siv nyob rau hauv txoj dluab. Nyob rau hauv vector kos duab, koj muaj peev xwm tsim xwb yooj yim heev dluab. Yog li ntawd tam sim no peb yuav tsom rau qhov twg siv raster graphics.

daim ntawv sau npe

Raster dluab yog zoo kawg nkaus kis tus txheem ntawm luam khoom. Nrog lawv pab, koj yuav tau ua hauj lwm nrog tones thiab du xim txoj kev hloov. Duab npaum li cas muaj ib cov koob yees duab, thiab siv xwb bitmaps. Tsis tas li ntawd, hom ntawv no yog ib qho tseem ceeb lub cuab tam nyob rau hauv lub teb ntawm web tsim.

raster hom

Nco qab tias cov duab ntaub ntawv nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no yog kho siv cov ntsiab lus. Cov chav tsev yog nyob rau hauv no encoding pixel. Qhov no - tus nqi qis tshaj taw tes, uas yuav tsis raug muab faib yog nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm me me los yog nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm cov xim.

Number of dots ib chav tsev cheeb tsam no yog hais tias predetermined daws teeb meem. Cov duab nrog ntau dua kev daws teeb meem (loj tus naj npawb ntawm ib tug neeg cov ntsiab lus), peb yuav pom tau ib tug ntshiab duab thiab tus xim zaus. Txawm li cas los, nyob rau hauv tus neeg mob thaum lub rooj yog tsawg tsawg, cov duab zoo tej zaum yuav raug kev txom nyem heev (vim hais tias cov computer tsuas qhia cov ntaub ntawv nyob rau hauv nws nco lub xov tooj ntawm cov ntsiab lus thiab stretches lawv mus rau lub thov loj).

Cov ntaub ntawv hom yuav roughly piv nrog rau cov lus. Nyob rau hauv thiaj li yuav qhia cov lus nyob rau hauv lwm yam lus, yuav yuav tsum tau ib tug txawv tooj ntawm cov tsiaj ntawv, suab thiab lo lus. Tsis tas li ntawd, nyob rau hauv Feem ntau, yuav sib txawv thiab grammatical siv. A "txhais" nrog rau cov "lus" nyob rau hauv peb computers yog tshwj xeeb cov kev pab cuam uas yog tog twg "nyeem" nws, los yog hloov dua siab tshiab rau hauv cov yam hom ntawv.

Lub ntsiab sib txawv nruab nrab ntawm tus tawm tswv tseem yog ib tug txoj kev uas yuav txuag cov ntaub ntawv. Xav txog cov feem ntau.

BMP

Qhov no yog ib tug ntawm cov tho kev. Thaum nws tau tsim, raster graphics yog, nws yuav tau hais thaum pib ntawm nws lub neej. Lub creators yog tsis yog tshwj xeeb thab thiab BMP programmed sequentially khaws cia txhua pixel. Nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb, nws yog ib tug daim ntawv, tab sis nrog ib co tsis xim, raws li nyob rau hauv lub pov tseg ntawm BMP hom ntawm 256 xim.

TIFF

Loj txaus rau lub scale ntawm cov cia, tab sis tsuas yog irreplaceable nyob rau hauv lub derivation ntawm cov ntaub ntawv luam. Rau hauv sib piv, nws txhawb BMP compression (compression) ntaub ntawv. Thiab koj muaj peev xwm siv rau tsis yog ib qho tab sis ob peb txawv algorithms. Txawm li cas los, yog hais tias koj tsis ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lub printing kev lag luam, los yog tsawg kawg ib co ntawm cov publishing tsev, ib tug loj hwj chim nyob rau hauv hom ntawv no koj yuav tsis yog tshwj xeeb xav tau.

GIF

Qhov no yog qhov ntau nyob ze rau tiag tiag siv (rau cov uas tsis-tshwj xeeb) hom. Tshwj xeeb yog nws yog lub npe hu tau ntawm kev siv cov animation ib theem zuj zus. Khoos phib tawj graphics ua nyob rau hauv hom ntawv no tso cai rau koj los mus tsim pob tshab daim duab. Txawm li cas los, ib tus hloov mus ntawm cov xim koj yuav kis tsis tau. Feem ntau cov feem ntau, cov kev siv ntawm raster graphics nyob rau hauv GIF hom yuav pom nyob rau hauv web tsim. Nws yog sib xws nrog tag nrho cov platforms thiab kuj heev compact compresses cov ntaub ntawv, uas yog ib qho tseem ceeb nyob rau hauv lub qhib ntawm nplooj ntawv Web site ceev.

JPEG

Cov feem nrov hom. Thiab nws yog zoo deserved. Tej graphics raster graphics editor tsis muaj tsis ntseeg pab txhawb hom ntawv no. Nws yog tsim los muaj ib lub hom phiaj - kom tau tshem ntawm cov kev txwv yuam los ntawm compressed GIF ntaub ntawv. Lub compression algorithm nyob rau hauv hom ntawv no piv nce mus txog 100 units. Qhov no yog ib tug zoo qhia. Txawm li cas los, xws compression tseem muaj nws cov drawbacks - muaj ib co ntaub ntawv tsis tau, thiab nws yog tau hais tias cov uas raug cawm duab yuav yuav me ntsis qhov muag plooj. Vim qhov no hom ntawv tsuas cuam cov ntaub ntawv uas yog suav tias yog insignificant, muaj yog ib txwm ib tug uas yuav ntawm distortion ntawm ib co lus.

JPEG 2000

Ib tug paub version ntawm ib tug ua ntej lawm version. cov duab cov ntaub ntawv compressed txawm ntau compact thiab tsis zoo tau ua ntau me me thiab. Feem ntau cov feem ntau, qhov no yog lub hom siv cia tus duab nyob rau hauv koj lub computer thiab nyob rau hauv Internet nyuaj tsav. Txawm li cas los, yuav tsum paub hais tias yog koj pheej txuag tus duab tib yam nyob rau hauv JPEG los yog JPEG 2000 hom ntawv, txhua lub sij hawm nws yuav poob daim ntawm cov ntaub ntawv, thiab nws thiaj li koj yuav tau ho distorted li piv nrog rau thawj daim duab.

PNG

Ho paub qhov zoo ntawm cov khub GIF hom. Ceev zoo tag nrho cov zoo ntawm nws cov thawj, nws yog devoid ntawm nws cov flaws. Siv rau duab editing, raws li zoo raws li nyob rau hauv web page uas tsim tau. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, PNG, tsis zoo li GIF, officially yog dawb do muaj nyob.

PSD

Raster graphics nyob rau hauv PSD hom ntawv yog ua heev dua lwm yam nyob rau hauv qhov kev pab cuam tsev av Photoshop. Qhov no puab lub pob ntawm cov kev pab cuam no. Nws txhawb lub chaw ua hauj lwm nrog khaubncaws sab nraud povtseg ntawm cov edited duab.

CDR

Qhov no kuj yog puab lub hnab rau raster graphics kev pab cuam Corel KOS. Feem ntau, qhov kev pab cuam yog siv los ntawm cov duab designers los tsim cov dluab ntawm kos. Tab sis undoubtedly txaus siab thiab editing muaj nuj nqi.

Raster graphics editor

Thiab tam sim no, ib co ntawm cov kev pab cuam uas ua hauj lwm nrog duab editing.

Cov feem nrov ntawm cov neeg siv yog tam sim no qhov kev pab cuam tsev av Photoshop, cov neeg hu ua cias "Photoshop". Qhov no txoj kev loj hlob, nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb, monopolized ua hauj lwm nrog bitmap dluab nyob rau hauv lub xov xwm tsim tshwj xeeb. Txawm li cas los, qhov kev pab cuam yog them thiab tus nqi tsis yog li ntawd me ntsis. Yog li ntawd peb pib tshwm rau hauv lub loj hlob ntawm lwm tuam txhab uas muag. Ib txhia ntawm lawv twb tau txais heev lug siv.

Ntawd mus rau lub "Photoshop", nws twb tsis ntxim rau nws muaj koob meej. Qhov no interface kev pab cuam yog yooj yim heev, thiab nyob rau hauv ib tug ntau yam ntawm tutorials, video thaum kawg, thiab muaj tsis txaus muaj.

Nyob rau hauv "Photoshop", koj yuav tsis tau tsuas yog ua ib tug collage ntawm cov duab los yog ntxiv cov duab ua-nyob rau hauv los. Cov yooj yim zog ntawm qhov kev pab cuam muaj peev xwm yuav kawm tau sai heev, thiab nws yuav qhib lub qhov rooj rau unrestrained sib ntaus ntawm txoj kev zoo nkauj. Koj yuav tsum tau mus kho cov tsos ntawm flaws, kho xim, hloov cov tom qab thiab muaj ntau yam, ntau yam.

Gimp editing

Raws li tus free kev pab cuam, ces koj yuav siv kom Gimp. Qhov no editing yog ib qho yooj yim mus nias rau qhov untwisted "Photoshop". Nws txig copes nrog tag nrho cov kev pab raws qib uas yuav tsum tau editing bitmaps, thiab muaj ib co thawj zaug kev khiav dej num rau kev ua hauj lwm nrog vector graphics.

Lub Gimp tso cai rau koj los mus ua kom cov duab ntau vibrant thiab tseem ciaj sia, nws yooj yim tshem tawm ruaj ntsiab los ntawm cov duab thiab yuav siv tau rau kev cob qhia ntawm kev tsim tej yaam num. Khoos phib tawj graphics tsim muaj qhov kev pab cuam, nws zoo nkaus li ntuj thiab haum zoo mus rau hauv tag nrho cov duab.

Editing Corel KOS

Nws yuav tsis ncaj ncees lawm yuav las mees lub ntau lawm ntawm lub tuam txhab Corel. Nyob rau hauv Corel KOS koj yuav tau yooj yim ua hauj lwm nrog ob raster thiab vector dluab. Lub peev xwm ntawm qhov ntsuas no yog li ntawd heev heev, tias txoj kev tshawb ntawm Corel KOS kev pab cuam nyob rau hauv lub yuav tsum tau kawm rau cov duab designers ntawm tsev kawm qib siab.

Qhov kev pab no yog tseem them nyiaj, thiab lub arsenal ntawm nws cov khoom supplemented nrog heev regularity. Tab sis, nyob rau hauv kev phem ntawm lub zoo kawg li lub sij hawm hais tias qhov no muab rau tus neeg siv nrog ib tug graphical editor, nws intuitive interface ua Workflow ib tug Library.

Dawb duab editors

Thiab cia li ib ob peb ntawm cov lo lus hais txog cov lwm cov duab editing cov kev pab cuam. Nyob rau hauv feem ntau tus neeg mob, lawv ua ib qho hauj lwm zoo heev nrog rau cov xav tau ntawm qhov nruab nrab neeg siv, qhov chaw thiab cov kev pab nyob rau hauv koj lub computer, coj ib feem. Thiab mus ua hauj lwm nrog lawv nyob rau hauv lub ntev mus dhia nws yog yooj yim, vim hais tias koj yuav tsis tau pomzoo los ntawm qhov yuav tsum tau xaiv cov tag nrho cov hom ntawm kev khiav dej num, uas lub hom phiaj yog tsis nkaus muaj tseeb.

Yog hais tias koj nyiam tej yam txawv thiab nyob comic duab, sim siv cov kev pab cuam Funny Photo txiag. Muaj koj yuav nrhiav tau ib tug ntau ntawm cov thawj ntas thiab funny yeeb yam zoo.

Yog xav paub ntxiv loj ua hauj lwm mus kom ze Picasa. Qhov no editor yog sharpened los ntawm kev siv ntawm lub computer tes hauj lwm. Nws cov tshiab nta tso cai rau koj mus txawm yooj yim los mus ua kom lawv cov nplooj ntawv nyob rau hauv kev tes hauj lwm. Ib tug ua-nyob rau hauv los rau editing yuav tsis tu siab txawm lub feem ntau txog tej kev.

Lwm nthuav qhov kev pab cuam - ib tug Paint.NET. Nws yog ib heev zoo xws li cov nyob rau hauv nws cov nta thiab muaj peev xwm rau tsev av Photoshop. Ib tug siv Paint.NET cuab yeej muaj tiag sib tw nrog lub hais tias coj mus muag counterparts.