Geophysics - dab tsi yog qhov no? Qhov twg lawv qhia rau ntawm lub Geophysics?

Geophysics yog ib tug tus hluas science, uas yog tsim nyob rau xwb nyob rau hauv nruab nrab ntawm lub XIX caug xyoo. Rau hnub tim, geoscientists tseem ceeb cov hom phiaj yog: kev tiv thaiv ntawm cov ib puag ncig, txoj kev tshawb ntawm natural resources, xyuas ntawm nuclear kev ntsuam xyuas, forecasting thiab scientific twv ua ntej ntawm tej yam ntuj tso qeeg.

Yuav ua li cas yog Geophysics?

Geophysics - yog ib tug complex ntawm sciences uas tshawb cov qauv ntawm lub ntiaj teb los ntawm txoj kev lub cev txoj kev. Geophysics kev tshawb fawb lub ntiaj teb los ntawm tag nrho cov lus qhia thiab yog heev multifaceted. Nws muaj xws li kev kawm txog cov lub ntiaj teb ua kiav txhab, tub ntxhais, mantle, dej ntws, dej khov, dej hiav txwv thiab lub ntiaj teb huab cua. Lub sij hawm "geology" twb qhia los ntawm cov Norwegian paub txog M. Esholtom nyob rau hauv 1657.

Geophysics yuav nthuav rau cov neeg uas xav nyob rau hauv qhov chaw. Geophysics, qhov chaw yog heev kev cob cog rua, vim hais tias kev txoj kev tso cai rau peb twv seb ib co kev hloov nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no qhov chaw. Chaw nruab nrab yog cov tib tshuaj rau kev kawm yuav ua li cas mus tsaws los yog av topography.

kev tshawb kawm geophysics

Tshawb kawm geophysics yog qho tseem ceeb heev rau science thiab zej zog. Nws txoj kev yog yooj yim thiab yooj yim, li ntawd, yog siv rau qhov txhia chaw. Tshawb kawm geophysics yog koom nyob rau hauv ib tug ncauj lus kom ntxaws tshawb txog ntawm lub ntiaj teb tus qauv. Lub ntsiab lub hom phiaj ntawm cov kev tshawb fawb yog cov kev tshawb fawb thiab ua kom nrhiav mineral deposits. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, saib rau yog vim li cas uas yuav pab raws li cov tsos ntawm deposits. Txoj kev tshawb no muaj peev xwm yuav nqa tawm nyob rau cov av thiab nyob rau hauv dej sab ntawm lub ntiaj teb, raws li tau zoo raws li huab cua thiab qhov chaw. Tshawb kawm geophysics yog heev nrov thiab nquag siv vim lub fact tias cov txheej txheem yog nqa tawm sai sai txaus, yog zoo heev, yuav tsum tau ib tug tsawg kawg nkaus ntawm cov kev pab thiab muab txhim khu kev qha tau.

Cov kev ntawm kev tshawb kawm geophysics muaj xws li: seismic, lub ntiajteb txawj nqus, hluav taws xob prospecting, magnetic, radiometry, nuclear geophysics, teplometriyu thiab kawm zoo. Xav txog cov txoj kev nyob rau ntau yam.

seismic kev tshawb kawm

Seismic kev tshawb kawm raws li cov qauv ntawm lub ntiaj teb txoj kev tshawb no siv txais tos thiab lub excitation ntawm elastic tsis. Tej crustal pob zeb yuav yog txhais siv nto elasticity nyob rau hauv Young modulus, lub tshaj tawm los ntawm lub transverse thiab longitudinal tsis, ceev thiab Poisson lub ratio. Kawm kom paub cov geological qauv ntawm cov pob zeb yog tau ua tsaug rau ob vuag, uas yog generated nyob rau interface ntawm txhua txheej. Lub elasticity ntawm ob tsis muab ib tug wealth ntawm cov ntaub ntawv rau zaum. Geophones pab hloov deeg mus rau hauv ib qho hluav taws xob lub teeb liab. Qhov zoo tshaj plaws ntawm tag nrho cov ntaub ntawv graphing lossis seismograms. Tus qauv ntawm lub ntiaj teb ua kiav txhab zoo tshaj plaws visualized nrog kev pab los khej thiab maps. Analysis ntawm cov ntawv tso cai rau koj los mus txiav txim qhov chaw ntawm tau mineral deposits.

lub ntiajteb txawj nqus prospecting

Lub ntiajteb txawj nqus kawm cov kev hloov nyob rau hauv acceleration nyob rau hauv free caij nplooj zeeg thiab tej yam ntawm no qhov zoo tshaj rau cov kev ceev ntawm lub cev. Qhov no yog feem ntau siv nyob rau hauv txoj kev tshawb no ntawm lub sib sib zog nqus khaubncaws sab nraud povtseg ntawm lub ntiaj teb ua kiav txhab thiab lub mantle. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, txoj kev no yog ib txoj kev uas nto kev tshawb fawb ntawm tectonic faults thiab mineral kev tshawb kawm. Lub ntiajteb txawj nqus tso cai mus kawm nyob rau hauv kom meej lub internal qauv ntawm cov pob zeb thiab lawv nyob qhov twg. Lub ntiajteb txawj nqus meters, uas muaj peev xwm sawv ntawm measuring - tshwj xeeb seev yog siv rau cov lub ntiajteb txawj nqus acceleration vim lub ntiajteb txawj nqus.

magnetic prospecting

Geophysics - ib tug science nyob rau hauv uas ib tug tseem ceeb qhov chaw belongs rau geomagnetism, uas kawm lub ntiaj teb magnetic teb thiab ib co pob zeb. Muaj peev xwm ntsuas cov kev taw qhia thiab kev siv ntawm cov magnetic teb tso cai mus kawm cov keeb kwm ntawm hom, thiab drift ntawm phaj tectonics. Yog yuav tshawb kom rau cov zaub mov yog feem ntau siv magnetic terrestrial, tubrog nkoj thiab aeromagnetic daim ntawv ntsuam xyuas. Sib Nqus daim ntawv ntsuam xyuas muab ib tug wealth ntawm cov ntaub ntawv rau txoj kev tshawb no ntawm paranormal phenomena.

hluav taws xob prospecting

Electromagnetics pab kom huv si xyuas tus neeg tsis ntawm lub geological seem. Txoj kev ntawm no hom yuav muab faib mus rau hauv hom geophysics nyob rau hauv qhov thiab nws qhov chaw hom.

Geophysics raws li ib tug profession

geophysicist ua hauj lwm yuav ua tau heev ntau haiv neeg, thiaj li muaj ntau ntau qhov chaw. Qhov no profession yog heev nthuav vim lub fact tias combines ntau hom kev ua ub no: nws tseem tau mus ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lub lab, rau lub ntsiab lus lub computer los yog tshawb lub pob zeb nyob rau hauv lub teb. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, cov ua hauj lwm yuav pab kom cov geophysicist los mus ncig lub ntiaj teb no, vim hais tias cov prototypes tej zaum yuav tsum tau los ntawm cov suab puam, cov niam dej, tundra, roob thiab thiaj li nyob. D. Twb yog vim li geophysicist yuav ntaus pob ncaws pob npaj mus coj ib tug active ib feem nyob rau hauv lub ntoj ke mus kawm. Tej zaum nws yuav tsim nyog los Wade nyob rau hauv tej thaj chaw deb qhov chaw, txawm tus mob khaub thuas los yog thaum tshav kub kub.

Nyob rau hauv no txoj hauj lwm nws yog zoo yam rau txoj kev tshawb no ntawm theoretical lus nug rau kev daws cov tswv yim muaj teeb meem. Txij li thaum lub mineral thiab lub zog kev pab ntawm txhua lub teb chaws lom zem ntau kom nws cov nyiaj txiag hauv lub xeev, geologist profession yog ib txwm nyob rau hauv coob nyob rau hauv lub zog ua lag luam. Socio-economic luag hauj lwm ntawm geologists nyob hauv zej zog yog enormous, txij li thaum lawv ua hauj lwm yog tsis txhob economic crises, los yog cia lawv muaj qhov kev pab them nqi. Lavxias teb sab geologist profession yog ntawm kev tseem ceeb, raws li lub teb chaws lub chaw uas zoo heev yog heev loj thiab nplua nuj mineral deposits. Interestingly, txawm hnub no yuav tsis nti hais tias Lavxias teb sab geologists paub tag nrho cov mineral deposits.

Geologists ua hauj lwm muaj ntau theem. Lub ntsiab ntawm lawv - nws yog nqa tawm prospecting, kev txheeb xyuas, kev geological cov kev pab cuam, lub tsev lag luam ntawm deposits, txoj kev tshawb ntawm cov geological qauv, tswj thiab generalization ntawm geological khoom.

instrumentation geophysics

Txij li thaum geophysics nqa tawm txoj hauj lwm nyob rau hauv kev kawm rau hauv lub ntiaj teb ua kiav txhab, tab tom nrhiav rau mineral deposits, koom nyob rau hauv seismic kev tshawb kawm, nyob rau hauv lawv cov arsenal yog ib tug ntau ntawm cov cuab yeej thiab seev tias cia koj mus sau, khaws thiab tsom xam cov ntaub ntawv. Feem ntau, ib tug geophysicist ua hauj lwm nrog Hydrographic, oceanographic, hydrological thiab meteorological seev. Raws li kev soj ntsuam, zaum sau ntaub ntawv mus maps, graphs, txiav txim seb lub keeb kwm, hnub nyoog thiab muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm lub pob zeb, raws li zoo raws li lub thickness ntawm cov dej khov thiab tsom xam cov heterogeneity ntawm lub hiav txwv pem teb.

Geophysicists koom koom nyob rau hauv seismic kev tshawb kawm, kev dag explosions thiab tsim tsis. Cov tau tau yog ua tib zoo kawm thiab analyzed nyob rau hauv ib lub computer. Geophysics - nws yog ib tug science uas yuav tsum tau ib tug ntau ntawm kev paub txog tus paub txog nyob rau hauv ntau yam teb. Geophysicist yuav tsum tau los mus txiav txim lub geophysical yam ntxwv ntawm lub cheeb tsam tshawb fawb, yuav tau mus ua hauj lwm nrog computer programs thiab daim ntawv qhia kom raug. Siv cov kev faib geophysics yog ib tug zoo paus ntawm kev txawj ntse rau geophysics.

Geophysics lub koom haum ntawm Ras

Geophysics lub koom haum twb nrhiav tau nrog lub hom phiaj ntawm lub geophysical sciences. Neeg ua hauj lwm ntawm lub koom haum thiab cov xib fwb coj ib tug active ib feem nyob rau hauv ntau yam thoob ntiaj teb lub rooj sib tham. Cov ntaub ntawv thiab kev puag yog heev nplua nuj: muaj ib cov apparatus rau txoj kev tshawb no ntawm geophysical teb, tshwj xeeb cov khoom rau thermal, seismic thiab sib nqus cov kev tshawb fawb nyob rau hauv sib sib zog nqus qhov dej, complex xyuas ntawm saib puas muaj radon - ib tug tub txib ntawm cov av qeeg txhua.

Cov menyuam kawm ntawv yuav tiv thaiv lub koom haum ntawm doctoral thiab tus tswv lub tswv yim sib cav thiab caum ib txoj hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lub koom haum. Tsis tas li ntawd ua hauj lwm postgraduate kev tshawb fawb. Lub ntsiab qhia ntawm kev tshawb fawb raws li nyob rau hauv txoj kev tshawb no ntawm seismology, regional geophysics, Electrometry, zauv geophysics, geodynamics, muaj thiab tej geophysics.

Lub koom haum kuj renowned rau nws txoj kev loj hlob, uas yuav piv thiab systematize cov ntaub ntawv tau los ntawm thawj qhov chaw. Lub koom haum yog invented: ib tug system rau cov kev cai ntawm seismic yam kev ua si "qhov ntswg", ib tug magnetometer thiab ib tug pa downhole, cov khoom complex rau geo-acoustic logging, av magnetometer thiab peb-ib feem downhole kappometr.

Cov nyiaj so koobtsheej

Geophysics hnub lom rau thawj hnub Sunday ntawm Plaub Hlis Ntuj. Raws li rau cov nyiaj so koobtsheej ntawm geologists, hydrogeologists, geochemists, thiab thiaj li geoecologists. D. Lub Success pib nws cov keeb kwm txij thaum 1966 nyob rau hauv lub USSR. Rau hnub tim, cov nyiaj so koobtsheej tsis yog pej xeem, tab sis cov zaum txog nws nco ntsoov hais tias nyob rau hauv Russia. Ib txhia lub teb chaws ntawm cov qub USSR thiab tsis paub txog nws tsoom fwv.

Nyiaj so koobtsheej keeb kwm mus rov qab mus rau 1966, thaum lub Supreme Soviet ntawm lub USSR txiav txim siab los ua tsaug rau cov creation ntawm Soviet geologists haus mineral puag rau hauv lub teb chaws. Cov hauj lwm vim li cas yog lub foundations ntawm cov roj thiab cov nkev teb nyob rau hauv Western Siberia. Hnub ntawm Geologist lom rau thawj hnub Sunday ntawm lub Plaub Hlis yog tsis muaj kev huam yuaj, vim hais tias nws pib nyob rau hauv lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav ntawm active npaj rau lub expeditions. Pib lub creation ntawm xws li ib tug nyiaj so koobtsheej ua Academician Yanshin. Hnub ntawm Geologist lom nyob rau hauv Belarus, Kyrgyzstan, Russia thiab Ukraine.

Qhov twg kawm?

Ua ntej koj yuav xaiv ib qho chaw mus kawm ntawv, koj yuav tsum to taub nyob rau hauv dab tsi thaj chaw yav tom ntej geologist yuav ua hauj lwm. Nyob rau hauv geology, muaj ntau ntau yam sib txawv cov lus qhia thiab specifications. Heev pheej climatology thiab geophysics, raws li txoj cai huab cua as kaj yeej yuav tsim nyog rau haiv neeg.

Yog xav paub lub profession ntawm geologist yog tau ntawm Moscow State University, lub State University of St. Petersburg State tsuas lub koom haum, lub Lavxias teb sab State University ntawm roj thiab cov pa nyob rau hauv Moscow tsuas University, thiab hais txog. D. Ib tug loj tus naj npawb ntawm cov tsev kawm ntawv thiab cov cheeb tsam rau cov kev cob qhia pub rau txhua leej txhua tus xaiv cov kev taw qhia thiab lub tsev kawm ntawv.

Geophysicist - ib tug profession qhov chaw uas koj kawm tsis tau tsuas yog cov theoretical txoj kev, tab sis kuj cov kev cai ntawm cov ciaj sia taus nyob rau hauv lub hnyav tej yam kev mob ntawm qhov. Lub neej yav tom ntej geologist yuav ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lub muaj tsuas tuam txhab uas muag, ywj siab geological cov koom haum, kev tshawb fawb chaw, thiab ntau ntau drilling exploratory expeditions.

Nws yuav tsum tau to taub hais tias lub chaw ua hauj lwm ntawm geologist yuav tsis tau nyob rau ib co me nyuam kawm ntawv raws li ib tug lub cev los yog puas siab puas ntsws noj qab haus huv. Cov mus kawm rau kev kawm qib siab yuav raug tsis kam lees rau thov kev pab uas muaj cov kab mob ntawm lub plawv, qhov digestive system, txha nqaj qaum, siab poob qis, feem ntau tsis nco qab, raug kev txom nyem los ntawm qaug dab peg, thiab lub cev muaj zog sib haum ntshawv siab, lub rooj sib hais thiab vestibular system, teeb nyob rau hauv txawv xim, thiab hais txog. D.

raws li ib tug geologist

Geophysicist - ib tug profession uas yuav yuav tsum tau ib qho tseem ceeb tib neeg co uas muaj ntsis. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd rau yav tom ntej lub cev noj qab haus huv, nws yog tsim nyog los muaj ib tug zoo-tsim kev nco, kev soj xyuas, kev sib koom tes, analytical txawj, muaj peev xwm next rau hauv qhov chaw, muaj kev ywj pheej, lub ntiaj teb no xav, logic, rau siab ntso thiab lub siab lub ntsws stability.