Allusions. Yuav ua li cas yog cov sij hawm no? Piv txwv nyob rau hauv cov ntawv nyeem npaum nkaus

Nyob rau hauv cov creation ntawm tej hauj lwm ntawm Lavxias teb sab thiab Western classics siv txawv cov cuab yeej thiab tej hom kev. Thaum pib ntawm lub xyoo pua xeem nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no cov ntaub ntawv pib tshwm ib tug ib txwm mus symbolism, allegory. Tej nta no tsis tsuas tam sim no nyob rau hauv kev kawm prose, tab sis kuj hais txog txoj kev kaw txoj kev tshawb no ntawm cov ntaub ntawv hnub no. Art nuj nqis, uas soj ntsuam tau them kev saib xyuas nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua XX, los ua allusions. Yuav ua li cas yog nws? Yuav ua li cas yog lawv rau? Thiab yog dab tsi daim ntawv tej zaum yuav ua tau ib tug npaum nkaus?

Keeb kwm ntawm lub sij hawm

Feem ntau cov tsis ntev los no, kev sau ntawv theorists tau formulated ib tug txhais ntawm npaum nkaus. Yuav ua li cas yog no phenomenon uas ob peb cov neeg xav tias yav tas los, thiab tsis yog vim tus tswv ntawm artistic qhia yog tsis siv nws. Piv txwv allusions tshwm sim raws li thaum ntxov raws li lub Nrab Hnub nyoog paj huam. Tiam sis, tus taw tes yog hais tias ua ntej thaum pib ntawm lub xyoo pua xeem txawj thuam yog tsis yog li ntawd nquag tsim.

Nyob rau hauv niaj hnub Philology, lub sij hawm siv rau xa mus rau ib qho ntawm lub stylistic pab kiag li lawm. Txhais los ntawm Latin nws txhais tau tias "hint." Npaum nkaus - yog ib tug artistic duab, uas tus sau borrows nyob rau hauv biblical dab neeg, thaum ub thiab medieval mythology los yog nyob rau hauv tej hauj lwm ntawm lwm cov neeg sau ntawv. Lub hom phiaj ntawm tej kev qiv - kos ib thaum uas tig mus ntawm nws tus kheej txawj creation thiab tau tsim ua ntej nws yog dav paub ua hauj lwm. Yog li, peb yuav hais tias tus neeg sau yog siv ib tug uas twb muaj lawm daim duab, "yim pab" rau nws resemblance mus rau lub hero, zaj dab neeg los lub tswv yim ntawm cov dab neeg, zaj dabneeg luv luv los yog dab neeg.

hom allusions

Nrog rau cov stylistic pab kiag li lawm sau tej zaum yuav xa tsis tau tsuas yog rau lub zoo-paub txawj ua hauj lwm, tab sis kuj nyob rau hauv ib cov keeb kwm fact. Qhov ntau yam hais txog qhov biblical los yog mythological kawm tej zaum ua si ib lub luag hauj lwm allusions. Yuav ua li cas hom ntawm artistic phenomenon, rau teb nyob rau hauv ib tsab xov xwm no tsis yooj yim sua. Cov npe no devote ntau zajlus tej hauj lwm ntawm kev soj ntsuam, txhua tus uas muaj nws tus kheej los txhais thiab cais. Yog xav tau ib tug to taub yooj yim ntawm allusions, yuav tsum muab ob peb yam piv txwv los ntawm cov ntawv qhia thiab cais lawv raws li lub ntsiab feature - namely, lub hauv paus ntawm nws muaj peev xwm yuav borrowed. Yog li ntawd, zoo li artistic dluab yuav ua tau:

• mythological;
• phau Vajlugkub;
• keeb kwm;
• ntaub ntawv;
• philosophical thiab aesthetic.

Allusions siv los tsim cov zajlus, qhib daim duab ntawm lub hero los yog tus sau lub tswv yim. Tej zaum lawv yuav lub npe khoom los yog nws kawg. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov stylistic nuj nqis tej zaum yuav nyob rau hauv lub nrub nrab txoj hauj lwm.

"Thawj vajvoog"

Npaum nkaus tshiab Aleksandra Solzhenitsyna yog lub npe khoom. Nyob rau hauv nws "Divine Comedy" Dante Aligeri tsim ib tug nruj qauv ntawm lub ntiajteb sab hauv, faib nws mus rau hauv cuaj lub voj voog. Txhaum tus ntsuj plig, raws li cov zajlus ntawm cov paj huam ntawm lub Italian sau, yog ib tug ntawm lawv. Tiam sis txhua ntawm lub voj voog raws nkaus Ii mus rau lub ntiajteb txawj nqus ntawm lub txhaum nrog lub neej. Nyob rau hauv thawj yog cov feem ntau innocent cov neeg txhaum uas nws tau ua txhaum lawm yog problematic: unbaptized cov me nyuam mos, tsim txiaj tab sis unbaptized neeg. Cov dab neeg Solzhenitsyn Dante thawj vajvoog yog muab raws li ib tug npaum nkaus. Yuav ua li cas hom ntawm allegorical Zoo siab txais tos thiab zoo li cas muaj nuj nqi nws ua, koj muaj peev xwm to taub, nws nco ntsoov cov lus uas tus sau: "Cov feem ntau kim nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no kom paub tias tsis koom nyob rau hauv kev tsis ncaj ncees." Lavxias teb sab txawj sau ntawv heroes txim, kev txom nyem, ib yam li cov neeg uas nyob hauv thawj round ntawm lub Italian philosopher, thiab tus dawb huv yog cov neeg uas raug ib tug lossis loj txaus ntshai system.

Shakespearean allusions

Hais borrowed los ntawm tej hauj lwm ntawm William Shakespeare, dav siv nyob rau hauv tej hauj lwm ntawm kev kawm sau phau ntawv, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog lus Askiv. Ib tug ntawm cov allusions yog cov duab ntawm lub Dub tub huabtais tshiab Ayris Merdok. Lub cuab ntxhiab ntawm no ua hauj lwm yog lub pre-keeb kwm rau zaj dab neeg ntawm tub huabtais ntawm Denmark.

English novelist Dzhon Faulz thim ib thaum uas tig mus nyob nruab nrab ntawm lub cim ntawm nws tshiab "Tus Collector" thiab Shakespearean cim los ntawm cov xwm txheej no ntawm "Cov Tempest". Raws li nyob rau hauv thawj thiab nyob rau hauv lub thib ob cov ntaub ntawv, lub cim nyob ib nrub nrab txoj hauj lwm.

Raws li rau tej hauj lwm ntawm classical Lavxias teb sab ntaub ntawv, lub ci ntsa iab piv txwv ntawm allusions rau dluab ntawm cov creation ntawm lub English playwright yog zaj dab neeg Leskov "Lady Macbeth ntawm Mtsensk".

Lwm yam artistic allusions

Xaiv allusions qhov chaw nyob rau lub sij hawm nyob rau hauv uas tus sau nyob, los ntawm nws lub tswv yim. Nyob rau hauv lub tshiab "Tus Xib Hwb thiab Margarita" yog tam sim no qhov txhia chaw allegory, hloov maj mam yim pab ntawm biblical dluab thiab cov dab neeg. Bulgakov cov khoom generates ib tug ntau ntawm cov lus nug thiab tsis paub. Tab sis qhov cov kev mus ntawm tus neeg sau ntawm lub cult ntawm lub XX xyoo pua hauj lwm nyob rau Goethe lub "Faust" yog cuab kev. Lub npe ntawm lub cim tseem ceeb - lub ntsiab npaum nkaus. Hlub thiab fleeting kev zoo siab ntsiab nplooj siab Bulgakov ntsiab storyline, uas kuj yog ib qho interesting kev kawm ntawm txoj kev tshawb no vim lub nplua mais ntawm critics nyob rau hauv nws German kws sau paj lug ntawm cov dluab.

Nws yog reminiscent ntawm cov dav tswvyim. Siv txawv dluab, thiab cov ntsiab ntawm cov paub kos duab ua hauj lwm muaj peev xwm siv sij hawm ntau ntau yam ntaub ntawv. Stylistic ntaus ntawv, cov kev kawm ntawm no tsab xov xwm, txhais tau tias feem ntau cov unambiguous nyeem ntawv.

Npaum nkaus thiab reminiscence nyob rau hauv lub dav dav kev txiav txim zoo yog luag synonymous. Great cim thiab cov dab neeg tej zaum yuav muaj twb tsim. Kawm sau phau ntawv muaj peev xwm tsuas rethink lawv thiab txav mus nyob rau hauv peb lub sij hawm. Thiab nws yuav tsum tau hais tias cov artistic hom kev kawm yog siv tsis tau tsuas yog nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv tab sis nyob rau hauv ib tug yeeb yam. Ib qho piv txwv ntawm Soviet xinesmas - cov zaj duab xis "Cov me nyuam ntawm Don Quixote." Lub protagonist ntawm no zaj duab xis ua zoo tsis expecting ib tug nqi zog. Nws yog muab mus ua hauj lwm nrog tag nrho kuv lub plawv, uas raug nqi ntau cov taunts. Nws ua tej zaum yuav zoo li vwm yooj yim townsfolk. Tab sis cov no noble lawm. Thiab qhov no zoo sib thooj movie hero nrog cov ua cim ntawm Cervantes.