Foob pob ua ntxaij thiab qhov chaw Khrunichev tsob nroj

Lub tuam txhab, qhov zoo tshaj plaws lub npe hu ua lub Missile Cog. Khrunichev (txawm hais tias nyob rau hauv nws cov keeb kwm, nws tau muaj ntau ntau lub npe), - zaj dab neeg ntawm Lavxias teb sab science thiab kev lag luam. Qhov no lub tuam txhab rau yuav luag 100 xyoo. Cov khoom manufactured los ntawm cov nroj tsuag, nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov yuav suav hais tias ib tug teeb meem ntawm lub teb chaws muaj nuj nqis nyob rau hauv Russia. Qhov no legendary foob pob ua ntxaij cab kuj "Proton", pheej "Angara". Tsob nroj tsim ib tug ntawm cov tseem pheej nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no qhov chaw kev lag luam loj hlob - tus tsuj roj "Baikal". Tuam txhab subsidiaries tsim ib tug ntau yam ntawm lwm cov kev lag luam aerospace Lavxias teb sab khoom.

khoom

Ib tug ntawm cov flagships ntawm Lavxias teb sab tiv thaiv kev lag luam - foob pob ua ntxaij thiab qhov chaw Cog. Khrunichev. Nws official lub npe, ntawm chav kawm, suab sib txawv. Namely - Tsoom Fwv Teb Chaws State Unitary Enterprise "State kev tshawb fawb thiab Qhuav Space Center ntawm MV Khrunichev. " Cia li nias thiab cov pej xeem mus sib txuas lus nrog txhua lwm yam tshaj luv luv lub npe daig - yog li no hom yog lub npe hu rau.

Khrunichev Hoobkas nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb - ib tug ob peb qhauj nyob rau hauv ntau qhov chaw ntawm Russia. Lawv ua ntau hom foob pob ua ntxaij thiab qhov chaw technology. Lub nto moo tshaj plaws cov khoom kuaj - foob pob ua ntxaij "Proton", "Kosmos-3M", "Rokot" thiab "Angara". Ntawm cov pheej tsim - reusable koob "Baikal" cuaj luaj.

zaj dabneeg

Khrunichev nroj tsuag twb Ameslikas launched li cov automaker hu ua "Russo-Balt-2." Xyoo ntawm nws lub hauv paus - 1917 th. Txawm li cas los, txij li thaum nruab nrab-1920s nws pib mus rau yuav tsim dav hlau generated los ntawm tej yaam num ntawm aircraft Tupolev, Ilyushin, Arkhangelsk, Petlyakova. Nyob rau hauv 1950 lub Hoobkas ua lub bombers "nyuj qus", tsim Myasishev. Nyob rau hauv 1961, cov nroj tsuag tau txais ze li ntawm niaj hnub lub npe - "Tshuab Tsev tsob nroj lub npe hu ua tom qab lub npe nruab nrab Khrunichev "- thiab pib khiav nyob rau hauv zus tau tej cov foob pob ua ntxaij thiab qhov chaw technology. Nyob rau nws ib tug ob peb tiam ntawm missiles, "Salyut" chaw nres tsheb raug tso tawm thiab "kev sib haum xeeb". Nyob rau hauv 1993, lub Khrunichev cog mas yuav kis tau tam sim no lub npe. Nws qauv kuj muaj lub Bureau "salute". Nyob rau hauv 2007, nws tam sim no raws li txoj cai daim ntawv twb tau muab tso rau hauv cov nroj tsuag - cov tsoom fwv teb chaws lub xeev unitary enterprise. Muaj feem xyuam lug xws li, piv txwv li, lub tuam txhab "Length" (Moscow). Cog. Khrunichev kuj combines Bureau npe. Isayev, Voronezh Neeg kho tshuab tsob nroj, thiab nyob rau hauv 2008 tuaj koom lub Perm enterprise ntawm "Proton-PM", nyob rau hauv 2012 - UST-Katav Cog. SM Kirov.

"Proton" foob pob ua ntxaij

Ib qho ntawm feem coj kuaj cov khoom uas manufactured los ntawm lub Center rau lawv tuam txhab uas muag. Khrunichev (cog, xyuas ntawm uas cov neeg tau ua yog ib tug ntawm cov me nyuam yaus ntawm cov pej xeem xaav ntawm lub hwj chim ntawm lub Soviet tiv thaiv kev lag luam - yog ib tug uas yog nyob rau hauv Moscow) - foob pob ua ntxaij "Proton". Nws nyob rau hauv lub chav kawm ntawm uas nyob rau hauv cov creation ntawm ib tug intercontinental ballistic missile UR-500. Nyob rau hauv lub chav kawm ntawm Modernization ntawm ICBMs nyob cab kuj "Proton-K", uas tau ua, nyob rau hauv lub tswv yim ntawm cov kws txawj, feem ntau muaj kev vam meej qauv ntawm lub Soviet missile nyob rau hauv nws ya.

Commercialized siv ntawm "Proton-K" twb xa nyob rau hauv 1996 (lub European Astra 1F satellite twb launched rau hauv orbit). Tom qab, ob peb lub kaum os launches los ntawm private cov neeg muas zaub tau nqa tawm. Lavxias teb sab engineers tau kuj tsim ib tug version ntawm "Proton", nruj heev heev mus tso zis rau hauv lub load rau ntawm cov geostationary orbit. Leej twg hloov lub foob pob ua ntxaij, uas yog hu ua tus "Proton-M" yog feem ntau siv rau hauv nws cov series.

"Angara" foob pob ua ntxaij

Cov kev loj hlob ntawm lub community launch tsheb "Angara", raws li cov kws txawj - ib qhov tseem ceeb thaj chaw ntawm Lavxias teb sab chaw kev lag luam. Nws yog ib tug tag nrho tsev neeg ntawm cuaj luaj (piv txwv li cov uas yuav mus rau lub "yooj yim" cov chav kawm ntawv, raws li tau zoo raws li cov neeg uas yog "hnyav" muaj).

Nws yuav tsum hais tias ib co kuaj tau tsa lub orbit rau 35 tons ntawm cov khoom. Lub ntsiab txoj kev loj hlob ntawm Lavxias teb sab competitor - Liaj foob pob ua ntxaij (nyob rau hauv lub "hnyav" versions) ntawm lub American lub tuam txhab SpaceX. Ib tug interesting tseeb yog tias no muaj ib tug mus hais ntawm lub xeev li nrog ib nrab ntawm ib xyoo pua ntawm cov keeb kwm thiab ib tug heev cov tub ntxhais private lub tuam txhab, tsim los ntawm kos. Cov kev loj hlob ntawm lub "Angara" modules nyob rau tib lub sij hawm tau muab kev koom tes tsis tsuas Moscow - Cog. Khrunichev pom cov neeg koom tes nyob rau hauv South Kauslim. Tshwj xeeb rau cov foob pob ua ntxaij "Angara" tsim tsuj roj "Baikal", tsim los rau ntau yam sau.

Accelerator "Baikal"

Tej hauj lwm "Baikal" yog yooj yim txaus, thiab nyob rau tib lub sij hawm ua qhov tseem ceeb functions. Nrog kev pab los ntawm lub koob foob pob ua ntxaij theem nce mus rau ib qhov siab ntawm txog 70 km. Ces lub cav yog muab "plhis", tom qab uas lub missile nyob rau hauv orbit. "Baikal" meanwhile detach los ntawm lub tsheb thiab rov qab mus rau lub ntiaj teb zoo li ib tug dav hlau. Tom qab lub soj ntsuam thiab ua tej yam tsim nyog hloov yuav tau rov siv: nyob rau hauv tej yaam num uas Khrunichev nroj tsuag yog pej xeem, hais tias "Baikal" yog nyob rau hauv cov huab cua 25 lub sij hawm (tab sis nyob rau hauv lub chav kawm ntawm kev txhim kho no daim duab tiag tiag coj lub complex mus txog 200).

Lub ntsiab khub ntawm cov nroj tsuag. Khrunichev rau peb tes num ntawm "Baikal" - NPO "Molniya". Nws yog assumed tias tus tsuj roj yuav muaj ib tug pib luj ntawm txog 130,4 tons thiab ib tug ntev ntawm 27 m thiab ib lub cheeb (center) ntawm 2.9 m tseem ceeb tivthaiv "pas dej" -. Ntau yam missile Module (URM) nruab nrog tus Tsov tus tw, tis, powerplant , chassis thiab lwm lub.

xyaw

Ntxhais center qauv rau lawv. Khrunichev - "Voronezh Neeg kho tshuab tsob nroj" - sau ntau hom xyaw rau cov Aerospace kev lag luam. Keeb kwm, thawj units twb M-11 mounted rau hauv dav hlau PO-2. Nyob rau hauv lub xyoo tom qab lub ntiaj teb no ua tsov ua rog II ntawm cov nroj tsuag pib tsim xyaw tshauv-62IR, M14V26 thiab lwm yam kuaj ntawm aggregates rau ntau hom kev aircraft. Txij thaum lig '50s nyob rau hauv Voronezh pib tsim space-foob pob ua ntxaij xyaw: RD-0109, RD-0210, RD-0114 (lawv yog teem rau "Proton") thiab lwm yam high-tech units.

Tam sim no lub Hoobkas yog ua hauj lwm rau lub tsev lag luam ntawm zus tau tej cov RD-191 foob pob ua ntxaij "Angara". Thaum lub caij, ntawm cov Lavxias teb sab tuam txhab uas muag tsuas VSW muaj lub peev xwm rau kev tso tawm ntawm piston aircraft xyaw. Chav muab nyob rau hauv Voronezh, muab tso rau txoj kev kawm thiab cov kev ua si dav hlau, thiab helicopters rau ntau lub hom phiaj.