Early paj huam ntawm Mayakovsky: nta, originality

Early Mayakovsky lub paj huam (kwv huam "Chaw nres nkoj", "Hmo ntuj", "Ntawm no koj yog!", Etc.) yog xav tau loj-scale tshwm sim nyob rau lub kos duab ntawm XX caug xyoo. Ntawm nws cov hauj lwm ua thiab kwv huam, ib qho tseem ceeb tsab ntawv, sketches, kos duab, satirical tej hauj lwm. Mayakovsky lub greatness lus dag nyob rau hauv nws artistic cwm pwm, uas nws hlob rau paub tsis meej ntawm poetic txawj thiab cov kev cai ntawm lub scene. Nws skillfully muaj cwj mem essayist thiab cov neeg pleev kob lub txhuam. Txawm li cas los, nyob rau hauv tib neeg lub minds Mayakovsky nkag mus hauv raws li ib tug thawj kws sau paj lug ntawm lub ntu ntawm kev kiv puag ncig. Nyob rau hauv nws tej hauj lwm nws captures tus yuam sij teeb meem thiab cov txheej xwm ntawm nws lub sij hawm.

Tus ntsuj plig ntawm kev ntxeev siab nyob rau hauv thaum ntxov paj huam ntawm Mayakovsky

Nyob rau hauv nws tej hauj lwm, tus sau ua ke ib tug ntau yam ntawm txhais tau tias. Lawv yog cov haib suab ntawm uas era. Nws yog ib lub sij hawm ntawm kev npaj thiab ua ntawm tus neeg ua haujlwm-cov neeg pluag kiv puag ncig. Cov hauj lwm yuav tsum tau pom epic Scope ntawm kev sib piv, metaphors. Qhov nyhav thiab hwj chim ntawm atherosclerosis ua ke nrog journalistic mob siab rau. Lyrical hero ntawm Mayakovsky thaum ntxov paj huam hais rau ib tug loj cov neeg tuaj saib. Tus sau yog feem ntau hu ua lub "Tribune." Rau qhov kev sib piv nyob rau hauv nws tej hauj lwm muaj ntau ntau yam yog vim li cas.

Piv txwv li, nyob rau hauv cov paj huam "Rhuav lub Silence", uas yog ib tug twg zoo kawg thiab qhov kawg, nws hu nws tus kheej "bawl-thawj coj," "agitator". Nco ntsoov, nws muaj nws tus kheej qhov tseeb. Txawm li cas los, kom txhob muaj thaum ntxov lyric kwv huam Mayakovsky xwb los ntxhov siab thiab nws hais rau cov pej xeem yuav tsis ncaj ncees lawm. Nyob rau hauv tej hauj lwm kom meej meej heev twb tsis siv thiab kev hlub tshaj tawm, thiab ib tug zoo-natured grin thiab stinging irony. Muaj nyob rau hauv lawv thiab ua tu siab, philosophical reflections. Early paj huam ntawm Mayakovsky, nyob rau hauv luv luv, yog universal. Nws yog ntau haiv neeg nyob rau hauv ib hom ntawv nyeem lus, multicolored intonational qauv.

Mayakovsky: lub artistic ntiaj teb no ntawm thaum ntxov lyric kws sau paj lug

Nws yog precisely rau cov cuab yeej ntawm txuj ci ntawm tus sau qhia nyob rau hauv nws lub sij hawm Lunacharsky. Hnov cov paj huam "Hais txog ntawd", nws taw tes qhia tawm uas twb paub, thiab tom qab mloog tag nrho ntseeg tias Mayakovsky - lub finest lyricist, txawm tias nws yeej paub nws tsis yog ib txwm. Tus neeg sau ntawm cov cuab yeej no ua ke nrog nws agitators, oratorical txawj. Lyrics feem ntau yog pom raws li ib tug artistic qhia ntawm lub puab ntiaj teb no ntawm tus kws sau paj lug. Nws qhia nws raws li txoj cai nyob rau hauv ib los yog lwm lub sij hawm ntawd. Qhov tseeb tiag, lub ntiaj teb no ntawm lub hom phiaj yam uas tau tshwm sim nyob rau hauv lub lyrical kwv huam los ntawm cov kev paub ntawm lawv cov neeg sau ntawv. Txheej xwm thiab phenomena tsis feem ntau yog tau txais nyob rau hauv lub tej hauj lwm tam sim ntawd thiab ncaj qha duab. Lawv raug muab khi rau cov tshuaj tiv thaiv nyob rau hauv lub siab hais tias lawv ua tus sau. Xws li yog thaum ntxov paj huam ntawm Mayakovsky.

Kwv huam yuav nplooj siab mus rau ib tug ntau yam ntawm phenomena - hlub, los yog battles ntawm cov chav kawm ntawv, kev sis caav txog lub hom phiaj ntawm cov kos duab los yog mus ua si txawv teb chaws. Lub narrative ntawm cov txheej xwm yog inextricably txuas nrog cov kev qhia ntawm txoj kev xav thiab kev xav ntawm tus sau, pom nws tus kheej "Kuv". Xav thiab pom licas tsis txhob cia li muab tej kev xav creativity. Lub artistic ntiaj teb no ntawm thaum ntxov paj huam ntawm Mayakovsky yog manifested nyob rau hauv lawv cov duab ntawm lub neej tshwm sim, kev nom kev tswv txheej xwm. Cov kev xav tivthaiv yog tam sim no nyob rau hauv lub ntxhov siab thiab ntau lawm masterpieces. Nws yog tsis muaj exaggeration kom nco ntsoov tias lyricism ua raws li ib tug unifying thiab tag nrho cov-pervasive quab yuam nyob rau hauv lub kws sau paj lug kev ua hauj lwm, nws yuav pom txawm nyob rau hauv tej hauj lwm uas structurally tsis muaj feem xyuam rau cov lyric.

Lub contradictory xwm ntawm tus sau

Txawm tias muaj cov lyricism nyob rau hauv cov kwv huam Mayakovsky feem ntau lawv tawmtsam nws. Qhov no, piv txwv li, yuav pom nyob rau hauv lub chaw ua hauj lwm ntawm "Jubilee", qhov twg nws tham txog lub xaav ntawm cov kev taw qhia ntawm "heev." Polemically-hostile cov tshuaj tiv thaiv, lub caij no, sau los ntawm tag nrho cov ua hauj lwm ntawm tus neeg sau. Nyob rau hauv ib tug tshwj xeeb venomous daim ntawv no, nws reacts mus rau lub hlub ntsiab. Nyob rau hauv tus neeg sau txoj hauj lwm yuav tsum havzoov dissatisfaction nrog cov tus tsoos txuj rau nws tus kheej-discovery. Qhov search, lub siab xav mus nthuav rau ib thaj tsam ntawm creativity - tus yuam sij tswv yim uas hais tias thaum ntxov paj huam ntawm Mayakovsky. Cov kev sau ntawv ntawm tej chaw ua hauj lwm yuav tsum tau qhov chaw rau thought.

Cov kev xav tivthaiv

Txhua yam uas tau tshwm sim nyob rau hauv kuv lub neej, aroused passionate txaus siab rau tus sau. Nws muaj ib tug tshwj xeeb xaav ntawm cov txheej xwm. Txawm li cas nyob rau hauv koj lub neej, txawm nyob rau hauv ib tug txiav txim deb ntawm nws, nws coj li nws tus kheej, ntshav, ib tug heev tus kheej teeb meem. Kom sau lub siab lub ntsws cov tshuaj tiv thaiv mus rau lub phenomena yuav tsis haum mus rau hauv cov tsoos lyrical cov ntaub ntawv. Nws demanded qhov chaw rau qhia. Xai Mayakovsky thaum ntxov lyrics yog muaj ntau haiv neeg. Nws sau txog lub neej, kev hlub, kev nom kev tswv, thiab keeb kwm. Tag nrho cov no tsis tshwm sim nyob rau hauv nws tej hauj lwm raws li ib tug nyob deb tom qab. Txhua cov kev tshwm sim nyob rau hauv ib txoj kev los sis lwm kheej ntawm lub neej yog ib tug tseem ceeb kev kawm ntawm lub chaw ua hauj lwm.

Early Mayakovsky lub paj huam - yog ib tug kiag li tshiab kev coj rau lub thib nees nkaum caug xyoo. Nws, tsis zoo li nws yav dhau los, dav them cov kev sib raug thiab kev nom kev tswv kev muaj tiag.

Pib

Early txaus, Mayakovsky ua xav nyob rau hauv underground revolutionary kev ua ub no. Zoo li ntau lwm mej zeej ntawm lub underground, nws twb ntes tau thiab kaw rau 11 lub hlis nyob rau hauv Butyrskaya tsev lojcuj, nyob rau hauv keev xeeb twj ywm. Txoj hmoo ntawm cov kws sau paj lug txiav txim siab los Stolypin. Nws twb nyob nws txiav txim tus neeg raug txim twb tso tawm. Thaum lub sij hawm nws nyob rau hauv tsev lojcuj Mayakovsky nyeem heev. Tom qab nws tso tawm, nws muaj ib tug mob siab muaj siab mus ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lub arts. Nws xav los ua ib tug socialist kev taw qhia. Raws li ib tug tshwm sim, Mayakovsky nkag mus hauv lub Moscow tsev kawm ntawv ntawm architecture, sculpture thiab painting. Los ntawm lub caij nws tau dog dig poob kev txaus siab nyob rau hauv lub revolutionary nriaj. Thaum lub sij hawm txoj kev kawm, nws tau ntsib ib tug pab pawg neeg ntawm cov tub ntxhais paj huam thiab ntxias. Lawv hu lawv tus kheej lub creators ntawm cov kos duab ntawm lub neej yav tom ntej - Futurists. Tag nrho cov no nyob rau hauv ib tug tshwj xeeb txoj kev pab cov thaum ntxov lyric Mayakovsky.

tej hauj lwm tseem

Properties thaum ntxov lyrics yog rau Mayakovsky hnyav ib hom ntawv nyeem formations khaus atherosclerosis, kev sib piv surprises kev lom zem dluab. Lub puag ncig kev muaj tiag rau tus neeg sau zoo nkaus li ua ib lub neej kab mob, uas ntxub, hlub, kev txom nyem. Poet humanizes lub ntiaj teb no tiag:

"Cov nplooj ntawv twb dej nyob rau hauv lub plab.
Lawv dua yoj dawb hniav.
Muaj ib tug nqov ntawm ib cov yeeb nkab - zoo li Lily
hlub thiab ntshaw nrog tooj liab kav. "

Artwork tawm ua ke ntawm cov tshuaj unconnected txoj kev npaj zoo li tus kab. Nws ua rau ib tug muaj zog lub tswv yim. Early Mayakovsky lub paj huam yuav yog los kuj tsis nyiam, tab sis nws yoojyim tsis muaj ib tug tsis muaj ab tsi.

lom ze

Nyob rau hauv nws tej hauj lwm, tus sau ua ib qho kev tiag tiag li, nco dluab. Tshwj xeeb tshaj yog kom meej meej pom nyob rau hauv xws kwv huam li "Chaw nres nkoj", "Sawv ntxov", "Yuav koj?". Sau yam xyuam xim txuas alongside kiag li muaj ntau haiv neeg cov tswv yim. Tsaug rau ib tug kuj ceeb tias muaj tseeb tu tub tu kiv, siv cov cwj nrag tau pom Mayakovsky nyob rau hauv ib tug npaj txhij txog lub kaum sab xis, cov kab cim, etched nyob rau hauv kuv lub cim xeeb. Tus sau qhia tau hais tias "adische nroog" nyob qhov twg muaj tsis muaj kev zoo siab thiab kev xyiv fab. Tu siab heev thiab hnyav toj roob hauv pes "scorched Quarter", "nees curves", "bazaars lub nceeg vaj." Nyob rau hauv txoj kev yog "nkees trams", lub hnub nyob sunset nkawd rau tus sau , "uas raws li nram no rau lub qhov muag," cov cua zoo nkaus li tu siab heev thiab disastrous. Lub nroog smothers thiab constrains lub kws sau paj lug, hu rau nws qias neeg.

qee

Early Mayakovsky lub paj huam yog tag nrho ntawm kev tu siab, kev txom nyem, txoj kev xav. Qhov no yog tshwm nyob rau hauv lub chaw ua hauj lwm ntawm qhov uas "kuv". Lub ntsiab ntawm kev nyob ib leeg manifests nws tus kheej nrog txawv zog nyob rau hauv nws cov ntau verses: "Kuv nkees nkees," "Mloog!", "Pub dawb", thiab lwm yam Nyob rau hauv lub chaw ua hauj lwm "yuav ua li cas txias" tus sau hais txog cov ib puag ncig, nws cov lus yog lawm ua tus sau nrog mob thiab kev puas hlwb kev nyuaj siab .:

"Thiab qhov no,
raws li kuv,
poked qhov twg?
Qhov twg nyob rau hauv lub khw muag khoom rau kuv qhoc chaw nkaum? "

hlub

Txawm nyob rau hauv nws Mayakovsky hero pom txoj kev cawm seej. Nws tau cog lus rau ib tug qhia ntawv, lossis loj kev txiav txim zoo - tsawg, nws tsis pom zoo. Thaum pom xws li ib tug kev hlub, tus hero tsis tu tsis tseg yuav nyuaj siab thiab kho siab. Nws txoj kev xav ua dawb huv thiab thuam nyob rau hauv tus ntawm cov vaj tse kev sib raug zoo. Piv txwv li, nyob rau hauv cov paj huam "A huab nyob rau hauv ris" nyiam hero rejects, preferring philistine txoj kev vam meej. Ib tug zoo xws li cov motif yuav pom nyob rau hauv cov paj huam "Lub neej". Cov khoom no muaj muag nkawv lub tswv ntawm tag nrho cov, tab sis tau txais tsis muaj dab tsi ntawm cov kws sau paj lug. Tus sau pom tias yeej muaj tseeb kev hlub twb tsis muaj qhov chaw nyob rau hauv ib tug dab tuag kev muaj tiag.

vim li cas

Mayakovsky lub lyrical hero thov kom kov yeej tej kev kho siab. Nws mus hauv lub neeg, nws nce mus txog rau nws, hoping mus nrhiav tau lawv pab txhawb nqa thiab pab koj tu siab. Rau cov txiv neej, ib tug zoo lus, nws yog npaj txhij mus muab tag nrho lawv tej ntawm sab ntsuj plig wealth. Tab sis nws yuav tsum tau tos rau sib sib zog nqus chim siab: nws tsis muaj ib tug to taub, tsis muaj ib tug xav tau kev pab. Nws yog surrounded los ntawm ib tug faceless neeg coob coob. Lyrical hero thiab muaj ntxhib nta, nyob rau hauv tej rooj plaub, txawm cynical. Yog li, nyob rau hauv nws cov hauj lwm "yam lus no thiab zoo li cas vices" nws "ua kev zoo siab" lub hwj chim ntawm cov nyiaj, "thuam" ntawm neeg ua hauj lwm, "zoo siab txais tos" gamblers thiab racketeers. Yog li ntawd qhia nws ostentatious cynicism uas hides qhov tseeb mob ntawm tragic irony. Qhov no daim npog qhov ncauj yog tus sau txo nws hwj vim hais tias cov loj tshaj tag kev cia siab, qaug zog nyob tsis tswm, martial arts nrog philistinism, "hulk" siab phem.

objectivity

Early Mayakovsky lub paj huam yog tag nrho ntawm kev teeb meem. Nws tej hauj lwm tau pw lub foundation of art, tsim los rau cov masses. Nws tus sau ntawm "roughened" simplified. Cov hauj lwm muaj nyob rau hauv rem thiab koj tus kheej dluab. Nws hais txog cov kws sau paj lug yog tsis muaj kev twb kev txuas nrog cov Futurists. Nyob rau hauv tej hauj lwm ntawm cov tub ntxhais sau pom tau hais cov hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm materiality, objectivity. Abstract sentiments thiab cov tswv yim yog hloov mus rau hauv tangible, pom, tiag tiag. Reification muaj nyob rau hauv tej hauj lwm ntawm ib tug nyaum humanist cim. Cov hauj lwm yuav tsum tau pom hais tias muaj yog tsis muaj Futurists - kev cov ntsiab lus.

kev cai kev sib raug zoo

Mayakovsky passionately qhia cov tshiab kos duab. Nws txawm muaj pov Pushkin thiab lwm yam classics los ntawm lub "nkoj ntawm modernity". Txawm li cas los, Ntsuam xyuas cov essence ntawm lub tej hauj lwm ntawm Mayakovsky, koj yuav tau yooj yim lw kev twb kev txuas nrog Lavxias teb sab kab lis kev cai, namely satire Nekrasov, Saltykov-Shchedrin. Tus sau raws li lub classical zajlus kev lig kev cai. Nyob rau hauv kev kom meej meej heev ib correlation nrog cov hauj lwm ntawm Nekrasov, nyob rau hauv uas tus yuam sij rau txoj hauj lwm nyob kev capitalist nroog. Humanistic pathos creativity Mayakovsky ntau nrog Gorky ntaub ntawv. Yog li ntawd pom nyob rau hauv no hais txog yog lub npe ntawm lub paj huam "Lub neej". Txawm li cas los, cov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws uas coj tus sau mus rau lub classics - yog pej xeem paj huam, nws responsiveness rau cov niaj hnub tshwm sim.

tseem ceeb heev pathos

Prerevolutionary lyric kws sau paj lug yog zoo yam rau cov kwv huam thiab ua hauj lwm pab raws li ib tug taw qhia rau nws. Nyob rau hauv tej hauj lwm ntawm kev tawm tsam motif yog tam sim no. Lub ntsiab lus ntawm "cov neeg thiab cov kws sau paj lug" occupies ib tug central txoj hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lub lyrics. Lub ntiaj teb ua ntej tau los ua ib qho tseem ceeb sib tw rau ntau phau ntawv thiab artistic taw. Nws qhia lawv yeej muaj tseeb xim, tsom qhov tseeb yam ntxwv rau kev txaus siab ntawm lub teb chaws, cov kev xav tau ntawm cov neeg. Teb nrog nws zaj paj huam "ua tsov ua rog thiab kev sib haum xeeb" ntawm thaum pib ntawm lub tsov ua rog, Mayakovsky politically mob ntsuas nws imperialist xwm. Nyob rau hauv lub chaw ua hauj lwm tus sau pib loj hlob ib qho tseem ceeb pathos. Nws lub suab hu mus rau lub kiv puag ncig, txwv lub imperialist slaughter. Qhov no yog tshwm nyob rau hauv xws tej hauj lwm raws li "Napoleon thiab kuv", "Koj!" thiab lwm tus neeg.

Cov xwm txheej no ntawm tib neeg hav zoov

No lub ntsiab yog kom meej meej heev piav nyob rau hauv cov lyrics ntawm Mayakovsky. Nws hais lus ntawm lub hav zoov ntawm cov txiv neej nyob rau hauv capitalism, ardent pab ntawm nws tus nrog sib ntaus. Cov kws sau paj lug nyob rau hauv nws tej hauj lwm qhia tus txheej txheem ntawm dehumanization thiab kev xav ntawm cov neeg lawv tus kheej, sawv raws li ib tug tseem ceeb feature ntawm bourgeois zej zog. Tus sau exposes falsity Acmeists illustrates flashy, zoo nkauj ua cim los ntawm lawv optimism. kwv huam hais txog tus "zoo-noj Sytina" tau qhia tiv thaiv cov bourgeois ntiaj teb no, "tweeted quail" paj huam, kws tshawb fawb, acolytes ntawm "neeg mob ruas colony" - capitalist nroog.

Tus sau hais tias cov chav kawm ntawv haiv neeg cripples zoo nkauj thiab muaj zog los ntawm qhov xwm ntawm tus txiv neej. Nyob rau hauv nws tej hauj lwm, nws tab expressed kev sib ntxub rau cov exploiters thiab txoj kev hlub ntawm cov neeg lows, enslaved, disadvantaged neeg, crumpled cov tshuab. Nws stands rau cov sawv ntawm tib neeg nco qab. Lub capitalist system txwv cov neeg cev nqaij daim tawv thiab sab ntsuj plig extinction. Yog li ntawd nws yog kom meej meej to taub, thiab ntaub ntawv ib daim duab ntawm lub kws pheej faav xeeb hero. Cov teeb meem uas muaj qhov chaw uas muaj thawj raws li ib tug disconnect los ntawm cov neeg coob coob, ces pib los ua ntau thiab ntau kev taw qhia kom paub.

Nyob rau hauv lub chav kawm ntawm strengthening lub social thiab kev nom kev tswv motives nyob rau hauv nws cov hauj lwm tus sau yog ntxiv deb ntawm qhov formalism ntawm lub Futurists. Nyob rau hauv no hwm heev revealing sib txawv ntawm cov phau ntawv "Koj!" thiab cov khoom ntawm "Nate!". Tus thawj daim ntawv sau los ntawm ib tug thiab ib tug ib nrab xyoo tom qab lub thib ob. Cov paj huam, "Ntawm no koj yog!" humiliating cwj pwm Mayakovsky qhia tau hais tias cov neeg coob coob. Nws yog yus heev dua lwm yam los ntawm lwm yam tshwm sim. Cov phau ntawv "Koj!" yus muaj los ntawm ib tug qhia nom tswv overtones. Ntawm no, tus sau exposes tus txiv neej nyob rau hauv txoj kev tsis yog raws li xws li, tab sis cov neeg uas nrhiav kev pab rau profit los ntawm kev tsov rog.