Ib - dab tsi nws yog. Muaj pes tsawg leeg thiab daim ntawv thov

Yuav kom tsim tau ib tug zoo thiab txhim khu kev qha txoj kev nto muaj ntau nyob rau hauv muaj pes tsawg leeg thiab thaj chaw ntawm cov ntaub ntawv. Ib tug ntawm lawv yog ib. Yuav ua li cas yog no yeeb tshuaj, dab tsi zog nws possesses thiab qhov uas siv tau, nws yog zoo heev paub nyob rau hauv thawj qhov chaw builders thiab txoj kev ua hauj lwm. Cov neeg ntawm cov laus tiam, uas loj hlob nyob rau hauv lub Soviet Union, yuav nco ntsoov dab tsi yog lawv cov thawj zom cov pos hniav - ib. Externally resinous yam khoom uas yog tsim los ntawm cov ncej ua roj muaj ib tug khov qauv thiab qhia los ntawm dub. Yield sludge yog los ntawm 8 rau 45 feem pua los ntawm qhov hnyav ntawm cov roj.

Ib - dab tsi yog nws

Lub hauv paus ntawm no cov ntaub ntawv uas yog cov roj cov khoom, yog li nyob tus yeees ntawm ib yog heev uas zoo sib xws rau cov roj cov zauv feem. Lawv yog cov yuav tsum tau Cheebtsam:

- Roj av cob muaj hydrocarbons ntawm complex muaj pes tsawg leeg thiab imparting ib viscosity thiab stringiness.

- Asphalt - khib nyiab uas ua rau kom lub thermal stability.

- Asphalt acids thiab lawv anhydrides muaj ib tug resinous taub hau thiab lwm yam polinaftenovym acids.

- Tsis tas li ntawd yuav tsum tau tivthaiv yog ib tug siab ib cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov hlau impurities tam sim no nyob rau hauv cov roj.

zog ib

Lawv nyob ntawm seb tsuas yog nyob rau lub thaj chaw ntawm cov roj, raws li zoo raws li lub yees siv nyob rau hauv nws ua. Xwm roj av fractions cuam tshuam thiab ib co yam ntxwv ntawm sludge, xws li ceev, melting point thiab flash coking. Ib tug zoo dua ib tau los ntawm hnyav roj thiab cob yog hais txog 8% ntawm qhov nyhav.

Cov kev siv ntawm ib

Nyob rau hauv ntau ceg ntawm muaj ntaub ntawv sludge. Qhov ntawd yog ib qho tseem ceeb rau zus tau tej cov kev thiab siv bitumen, paub, tej zaum, txhua yam. Tab sis nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, ib yog yuav tsum tau thiab qhov siv thiab ua lub cev muaj zog roj, roj roj thiab combustible gases. Nyob rau hauv qhov kev siv thiab roj hmab lag luam nws yog siv raws li ib tug emollient. Ib nrog ib tug high school cov ntsiab lus ntawm resins thiaj yuav tiav rau hauv diesel roj siv cov qauv ntawm cov hydrogenation thiab ntes.

Nyob rau hauv thiaj li yuav tshem resinous-asphaltene Cheebtsam thiab polycyclic uas muaj ntxhiab hydrocarbons uas muaj ib tug tsis tshua muaj viscosity Performance index thiab high degree ntawm coking thov deasphalting sludge. Lub hnyav, raws li ib tug txoj cai, yog hluav taws roj zeb. Tab sis nrog rau nws, thaum twg koj xav tau cov nqaij nyoos hydrocracking tsev los yog catalytic cracking yuav siv pentane thiab butane. Tej zaum, ib tug ob-theem deasphalting yog nqa tawm thaum tus thawj theem ntawm lub resulting asphalt allocates khov dua tivthaiv - DAO 2.

Nyob rau hauv nqa tawm kev ua hauj lwm sludge yog coj nyob rau hauv cov khoom daim ntawv no, thiab twb ncaj qha ua ntej siv nws yog rhuab mus rau ib tug kua hauv lub xeev.

theem nrab cov kev pab

Nyob rau hauv zus tau tej cov detergents, lub teeb roj, paraffins thiab lwm yam purification xyum qhov twg lub reagent yog siv raws li sulfuric acid, yog tsim los ntawm-cov khoom hu ua acid sludge. Qhov no yog ib tug tseem ceeb theem nrab kev pab nyob rau hauv ib tug dub gummy loj uas muaj mas sulfuric acid thiab organic tebchaw. Tuj acid sludge tso cai rau kom muab tau 600 kg ntawm roj roj, 230 kg gypsum 110 kg 60 kg coke los yog gaseous hydrocarbons.

Danger ntawm acid tars rau ecology

Txawm tias nws tus nqi raws li ib tug raw khoom rau asphalt binders, thiab txawm yog ib tug ntawm cov tseem ceeb tshaj ua txuj txia zoo li ib tug kev hem thawj rau lub cheeb tsam, nws yog ib lub acid sludge. Tias tus tshuaj yog tseeb ib qhov chaw ntawm kev txaus ntshai rau tus muaj thiab fauna, nws yog ib qho yooj yim mus xav txog tej yam, yog tias koj nco ntsoov nws muaj pes tsawg leeg - resinous tshuaj thiab ib tug dawb sulfuric acid, cov ntsiab lus ntawm uas yuav ua tau mus txog rau 70% ntawm tag nrho cov ceeb thawj.

Risk yog ib txoj kev khaws cia thiab acid tars. Vim lub fact tias niaj hnub no muaj cov tsis muaj npaum txoj kev ub, tus pov tseg yog tsuas dumped rau hauv ib tug cia pas dej tuav tej zaum kuj heev loj cheeb tsam. Raws li ib tug tshwm sim ntawm redox dab uas tshwm sim nthawv rau ntawm qhov chaw cia, ib tug loj npaum li cas ntawm cov leej faj dioxide. Tom qab hnyav rains los yog melting daus qaub caij nplooj ntoos hlav dej ntws los ntawm cov nyob sib ti pas dej, acidifies cov av thiab av.

Tag nrho cov no muaj ib tug tsis zoo feem nyob rau ecological teeb meem ze ntawm qhov chaw ntawm no pas dej, tsis zoo muaj feem xyuam rau cov kev kho mob ntawm cov neeg uas nyob rau hauv cov cheeb tsam surrounding. Tsheej lab ntawm cov tons ntawm acid tars warehoused nyob rau hauv qhib cia pas dej nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws ntawm Russia. Zoo tag nrho cov refineries yog xws li ib tug pov tseg. Ib tug tsuas ntawm lub cheeb tsam ntawm lawv sau ntau tshaj 250 tons.

Pov tseg ntawm pov tseg

Nyob rau hauv lub niaj hnub loj hlob lub tsev yog loj hlob coob rau cov khoom xws li bitumen, ib, bitumen mastic asphalt. Raws li, thiab loj hlob tus naj npawb ntawm manufacturers. Muaj ntau ntawm lawv yog ua kom daws tau qhov teeb meem ntawm pov tseg acid tars, siv sulfuric acid txoj kev kho mob, tiam sis nws tseem tsis txaus nyob rau hauv scale, t. Yuav kom. Nws yog ib tug heev nyuab txheej txheem. Nws yuav tsum tau kim acid-resistant cov ntaub ntawv, cov kev loj hlob ntawm tshwj xeeb cov hom kev kawm thiab cia tej yam kev mob. Niaj hnub no, tsim lub feem ntau zoo technologies rau pov tseg acid sludge.

Yuav luag tag nrho cov ntawm cov tub txawg muab kev koom tes nyob rau hauv kev siv, ib rightly xam tau tias yog ib tug tshwj xeeb cov khoom siv. Nws remelting tso cai rau koj los ua ib tug ntau yam ntawm tebchaw uas muaj tau ntse siv nyob rau hauv txoj kev siv. Thiab kev siv cov sludge nyob rau hauv vov tsev thiab lub tsev hauj lwm rau roj roj, lubricating roj thiab kua roj a ntxiv tej nws tus nqi.