Environmental technologies. Qhov teeb meem ntawm ib puag ncig kev ua qias tuaj. Tej yam ntawm tus txiv neej rau qhov

Sawv daws yeej paub hais tias ib tug ntawm cov feem ntau mob teeb meem txojkev cov tib neeg muaj teeb meem ntawm hnub no yog ib kuab paug ntawm peb ib puag ncig. No lub ntsiab pom resonance nyob rau hauv lub scientific lub zej lub zos, sib tham txog nws, thiab ntau yam ntawm cov xov xwm.

Rau hnub tim, tsim thiab khiav los ntawm txawv cov koom haum, uas nws ua ub no yog aimed ntawm combating tag nrho cov deteriorating tej yam kev mob. Zaum no sounding lub tswb, ceeb toom rau cov tib neeg hais txog tus imminence ntawm cov phem tshaj tej qeeg.

Thiab niaj hnub no, peb ib puag ncig muaj kuab paug ntsiab yog ib qho ntawm feem sib tham. Nws yog qhov raug ntawm ntau cov phau ntawv thiab scientific ntaub ntawv. Txawm li cas los, txawm tag nrho lub dag zog, cov lus nug ntawm qhov xwm ntawm kab mob sib kis tseem tseem ceeb thiab tseem ceeb heev. Ncua nws indefinitely yog tsis tsim nyog. Cov teebmeem ntawm tej qeeg yog unpredictable thiab yuav ua ib tug zoo qee rau peb ntiaj chaw.

Lub keeb kwm ntawm cov pa phem

Qhov teeb meem ntawm preservation ntawm cov xwm uas excites noob neej niaj hnub no yog tsis tshiab. Txawm nyob rau hauv lub era ntawm txheej thaum ub haiv neeg cov neeg barbarously puas lawm forests, tua tsiaj, ntau yam kev toj roob hauv pes qhov chaw nyob rau hauv thiaj li yuav tau nqi pab thiab tsim arable av. Twb tau nyob rau cov hnub xws ua si ua tsis tau tsuas yog rau kev nyab xeeb kev hloov, tab sis kuj mus rau lwm cov hom ntawm tej teeb meem.

Raws li tus naj npawb ntawm cov neeg nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj chaw, thiab cov kev kawm tau ntawm kev vam meej cov neeg tau ua ib qho nyuaj rau extract cov zaub mov thiab ntws dej. Tej yam ntawm tus txiv neej rau qhov aggravated hauj kiv puag ncig. Nws tsuas tsis cim ib tug tshiab era ntawm kev qauv, tab sis kuj coj ib tug tshiab yoj ntawm tej yam ntuj tso kab mob.

Raws li science thiab technology txoj kev loj hlob ntawm cov neeg tau txais lawv txhais tes rau ntau yam cuab yeej siv uas koj yuav ua tau ib txoj kev kuaj thiab ib tug muaj tseeb tsom xam ntawm cov ib puag ncig lub xeev ntawm peb ntiaj chaw. Thiab qhov tseeb ntawm qhov teeb meem no muaj tseeb nrog qhov alarming huab cua qhia, cov ntaub ntawv xyuas ntawm cov tshuaj muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm cov av, dej thiab huab cua, raws li zoo raws li satellite imagery. Lub tej yam tsis zoo rau cov ib puag ncig muaj ib tug kev haus luam yeeb qhov cub tawg ntawm factories thiab cov roj nchuav tsim rau ntawm qhov chaw ntawm lub qhov dej. Nrog rau cov expansion ntawm lub technosphere teeb meem ntawm khaws cia ecology yog sai heev tshaj. Tsis muaj lub zem lub loj tej teeb meem ntawm peb ntiaj chaw yog hu ua tus heev tsos ntawm ib tug neeg.

qhov chaw ntawm cov pa phem

Xav kom cov muaj peev xwm mus nyob ib tug neeg yog yuam mus ua hauj lwm. Nws ua dej nyob rau hauv thiaj li yuav kom nws nyob rau hauv cov zaub mov thiab siv nyob rau hauv ntau lawm. Tsim nyog rau tib neeg lub neej thiab khoom noj khoom haus. Lawv kuj yuav tsum loj hlob, tsim thiab cov txheej txheem. Lub hom phiaj ntawm tag nrho cov lwm yam ntawm tib neeg kev ua si muaj nyob rau hauv kev daws lawv txhua hnub xav tau kev pab nyob rau hauv cov khaub ncaws thiab vaj tse nyob. Qhov no yog ua los ntawm cov extraction thiab ua cov zaub mov thiab cov natural resources, nqa tawm lawv kev thauj mus los thiab shipping, lub zog yog ua.

Tus txiv neej lossi sib ntaus sib tua tsis tau tsuas yog rau lub neej tab sis kuj rau kev txhim kho ntawm nws zoo. Nws nthuav nws qhov chaw, ua lub ntsoog loj heev tsov ua rog, mus tshawb txheej chaw, nws yog koom nyob rau hauv kev kawm thiab thiaj li nyob. D.

Tag nrho cov saum toj no hom ntawm kev ua pej xeem - qhov no yog tsis muaj dab tsi, raws li lub ntsiab qhov chaw ntawm cov pa phem ntawm peb ntiaj chaw. Tom qab lawv cov no lub rov tshwm sim ntawm domestic thiab muaj pov tseg.

Qhov chaw ntawm cov pa phem ntawm cov xwm yog txwv kom muab zais raws li cov ntau lawm chaw. Cov feem ntau txaus ntshai rau peb ntiaj chaw yog lub extraction ntawm cov roj thiab cov nkev, tshuaj kev lag luam, metallurgy, zog, ua liaj ua teb thiab thauj. Thiab lub cim ntawm pov tseg yog tsis tsuas yog nyob rau hauv lub kawg ntawm lub ntau lawm voj voog. Tshuaj uas tej zaum tsim plua plav paug rau lub ntiaj chaw, thiab yog ua thaum lub sij hawm tus txheej txheem.

Tej zaum nkim thiab lawv tus kheej ua txaus ntshai rau cov ib puag ncig. Thaum lawv kev cia, pov tseg, thiab nyob rau hauv lub qhaj ntawv ntawm kev kho mob, lawv ua lub hauv paus ntawm qhov teeb meem emissions.

Kev soj ntsuam ntawm cov ib puag ncig qhov teeb meem no

Niaj hnub no, tib neeg thov kom siv cov achievements ntawm scientific thiab hauj kev kawm nyob rau hauv kev daws ntawm tej teeb meem. Qhov no yog feem ntau vim lub optimization thiab kev txhim kho ntawm kev pab-saving thiab environmentally-phooj ywg raug dab, cov creation ntawm pov tseg lawm thiab nws kim heev kev siv dej kev systems. Ntawm kev tseem ceeb nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no yuav siv sij hawm nyob rau hauv kev ntsuam xyuas ntawm lub ntuj puag ncig. Nws ua tau rau lub hauv paus ntawm cov ntaub ntawv tau tswj lub nruab ntawm emissions teeb meem rau tib neeg hais txog qhov chaw thiab hauv lub xeev ntawm tej yam ntuj tso khoom. Lub hom phiaj tseem ceeb ntawm tej kev ntsuam xyuas yog tau kuaj pom thaum ntxov tsis zoo hloov.

Cov ntaub ntawv system ntawm kev tu ncua saib xyuas thiab tom ntej tsom xam ntawm cov pa phem ntau ntau thiab cov teebmeem tshwm sim los ntawm cov dab nyob rau hauv lub biosphere yog hu ua kev saib xyuas. Qhov no txoj kev muaj peb hais:

- soj;
- kev ntsuam xyuas mob;
- forecast yuav hloov.

Rau ib puag ncig xyuas yog nqa tawm tsis tu ncua saib xyuas ntawm tej yam ntuj tso kev pab thiab cov ib puag ncig, muaj thiab fauna. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, cov ntaub ntawv tso cai rau peb los txiav txim seb lawv txoj cai, raws li tau zoo raws li cov txheej txheem uas tshwm sim vim hais tias ib tug neeg yog nqa tawm ib puag ncig tej yam.

Raws li ib tug tshwm sim, tus neeg tshawb fawb ua tej xyuas muab ib qhov kev ntsuam xyuas ntawm lub tej yam kev mob ntawm cov ib puag ncig nyob rau hauv uas tus txiv neej lub neej thiab ntau yam lom khoom (tsiaj, nroj tsuag, kab mob thiab thiaj li nyob. D.). Txiav txim nyob rau hauv no tsom xam thiab tej nqi ntawm ecosystems. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, yog tias muaj tej yam teeb meem ntawm ib puag ncig kev ua qias tuaj, lub environmentalists yog txiav txim los ntawm cov neeg kho tej yam uas yuav tsum tau ua los txhim kho hauv lub xeev ntawm cov xwm.

Tseem, lub ntsiab tivthaiv xyuas yog mus ntsuam xyuas hauv lub xeev ntawm cov ib puag ncig. Yuav kom txiav txim xaiv yam ntxwv thiab kev ntsuas ntawm qhov xwm ntawm cov khoom thiab txheeb xyuas lawv tam sim ntawd hloov. Cov ntaub ntawv tau tso cai rau peb kom peb teb tau cov lus nug "Yuav ua li cas yog lub xeev ntawm cov ib puag ncig?".

Hom ntawm ib puag ncig kev ntsuas

Yuav ua li cas yog cov kev daws tau tej teeb meem? Ua ntej ntawm tag nrho cov, lawv muab ntim rau hauv nqa tawm ntau tej kev ua ub no. Nyob rau hauv cov tswvyim no, uas yog lub abbreviated lub npe ntawm pom, muaj xws li tag nrho cov hom ntawm cov miv tib neeg kev ua ub no, uas yog tswj xa thiab txo qhov tsis zoo feem nyob rau ib puag ncig. Nyob rau hauv xws npaj, thiab kuj nkag siab txog cov kev txuag, kev tswj thiab txhim kho ntawm cov kev pab-hauv paus ntawm lub teb chaws. Nyob rau tib lub hom tej technologies yog cov nram qab no:

- qhov kev siv thiab cov lag luam ntawm detoxifying thiab kev kho mob chaw;
- txoj kev loj hlob uas tsis yog-pov tseg thiab tsis muaj-pov tseg lawm thiab raug dab;
- qhov chaw kawm ntawv ntawm cov tsheb khiav thiab cov lag luam, kev noj mus rau hauv tus account tej ib puag ncig uas yuav tsum tau;
- lub sib ntaus tawm tsam av yaig;
- av reclamation;
- muaj kuab siv ntawm ntau yam mineral cov kev pab thiab kev tiv thaiv ntawm natural resources thiab tshaj.

Lub hom phiaj ntawm tej kev tiv thaiv kev ntsuas

Yuav ua li cas muab tej sib txawv tswv yim raws li "ntau lawm" thiab "ib puag ncig"? Environmental technologies - qhov no yog qhov tseem ceeb qhov tseem ceeb rau lub qho rau peb ntiaj chaw tej teeb meem.

Lawv siv yog npaj los xyuas kom meej:

- raws li ntxawg uas yuav tsum tau tsim lub xeev ntawm cov ib puag ncig, uas yog nyob rau hauv qhov kev txaus siab ntawm cov neeg kho mob thiab coj mus rau hauv tus account lub sij hawm ntev kev hloov uas ua los ntawm pej xeem kev hloov thiab kev loj hlob ntawm lub ntau lawm sector;
- muab cov nyiaj pab ntau tshaj nyiaj txiag nyhuv ntawm zoo siv ntawm mineral cov kev pab thiab cov nyiaj khaws tseg.

Kev tiv thaiv ntawm cov cua

Xav txog cov tswv yim yooj txoj kev daws tej teeb meem, uas yog ua nyob rau hauv cov kev siv ntawm environmentally phooj ywg technologies.

Muaj Enterprises, tsim kev ntsuas rau kev tiv thaiv ntawm cov cua, saum toj no tag nrho, txiav txim los ntawm:

- cov kev pab ntawm emission ntawm teeb meem tshuaj;
- kom muaj nuj nqis thiab muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm emissions;
- cua muaj kuab paug ntau nyob rau hauv tej thaj chaw dissipation ntsiab;
- MPE teeb meem emissions mus rau hauv cov cua.

Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm yuav tsum tau coj los yog hais tias ib tug hauj tshuaj kom txo tau qhov teeb meem los ntawm cov cua nrog lub ntsiab txhais ntawm qhov tsim nyog tus nqi ntawm cov roj-tu thiab plua plav collection khoom.

Purification ntawm cov dej khib nyiab

Cov kev siv ntawm tej technologies, thiab qhov no muaj feem xyuam rau tus kheej uas muaj ntau lawm. Dej Khib Nyiab qhauj yuav tsum tau kho nrog tshwj xeeb cov ntaub ntawv. Tsuas yog nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no yog kev puas tsuaj los yog kev tshem tawm ntawm cov txaus ntshai hais tias yuav tsum tsis txhob poob rau hauv dej lub cev nyob rau hauv raws li muaj feem xyuam raws li txoj cai cov qauv.

Muaj ob txoj kev xws li ib tug tu - puas thiab regenerative. Tus thawj ntawm cov tshuaj muaj nyob rau hauv lub xeem ua hauj lwm mus los ntawm cov dej no puas los ntawm ntau yam tshuaj los yog physico-tshuaj txoj kev (yuav txo tau, oxidation, etc.). Qhov no los tau nyob rau hauv degradation khoom uas raug muab tshem tawm raws li nag lossis daus los gases.

Thaum lub lwm txoj kev khib kua xa rov qab mus rau lub ntau lawm voj voog, nws yog siv nyob rau hauv lwm lawm los yog deprived ntawm Cheebtsam nyob therein. Zoo ib yam li tej technology yog cais raws li nws cov khoom cov dej tsis huv, siv roj los yog roj, thiab ntau yam polyblends.

Pov tseg ntawm pov tseg

Qhov teeb meem ntawm cov pa phem tsis tau solved tsis muaj kev siv ntawm ib puag ncig yees rau tus sau, kev puas tsuaj thiab pov tseg ntawm ntau hom ntawm cov ntsiab ruaj. Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm kho pov tseg tsis yog tsuas yog muaj ntau lawm, tiam sis kuj domestic khoom. Ib tug tshwj xeeb mob teeb meem nyob rau hauv cheeb tsam nroog thiab muaj chaw zov me nyuam.

Yuav ua li cas yog cov ib puag ncig yees los daws qhov yooj yim teeb meem? Cov muaj xws li:

- txo qhov ntim ntawm pov tseg;
- lub re-siv ntawm cov kev pab siv nyob rau hauv nyob tus yeees ntawm cov khoom pov tseg;
- burning ntawm tej pov tseg;
- kev tso kawm ntawm cov khoom pov tseg nyob rau hauv tshwj xeeb landfills, qhov uas lawv yuav ua tau ntev-lub sij hawm cia (nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm muaj nyob rau hauv lawv cov muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm tej tshuaj).

tsawg-pov tseg technology

Niaj hnub no, ntau sai nreg txheej txheem kev txhim kho kev kawm. Kev lag luam ua ib tug lossis loj tus naj npawb ntawm heev mechanisms thiab cov cav tov, muaj raws ntawm ib tug ntau yam ntawm cov ntaub ntawv. Lawv daim ntawv muaj xws ferrous thiab uas tsis yog-ferrous co, ntoo, yas, iav, roj hmab thiab composites. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, lub neej ntawm tej khoom yog txiav txim tsis nws lub cev deterioration. Nws sai heev ua obsolete. Uas yog vim li cas ntau thiab ntau technically suab khoom thiab cov ntaub ntawv yog nyob rau hauv pob tseg. Txawm li cas los, qhov no raw khoom yog heev pab tau thaum tsim tshiab mechanisms. Thiab ntawm no nrhiav ib qho chaw puag ncig yees xws li cov creation ntawm cyclical khoom flows.

A pheej coj nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no yog los nthuav ntau lawm siv uas tsis yog-pov tseg technology. Nyob rau hauv no txoj kev ntawm kev siv thiab ua cov khoom uas nrhiav tau lawv daim ntawv thov ib puag ncig thiab lub zog-txuag technologies. Qhov no ua rau nws tau kom muaj lub cev tau hauj lwm ntawm qhov chaw nyob rau hauv kev twb kev txuas nrog ib tug tsawg heev rau nws.

Ib tug loj tus naj npawb ntawm cov niaj hnub ntau lawm ejects ib feem ntawm lawv pov tseg nyob rau hauv huab cua thiab nyob rau hauv cov dej. Txawm li cas los, hais tias mus rau hauv lub chaw, muaj kuj tseem ceeb heev rau economic nrog. Thov tej technologies, koj muaj peev xwm highlight lub yam khoom. Qhov tseem nquag project, uas yuav cia kom daws tau qhov teeb meem - lub siv pov tseg ntau lawm raws li lwm cov raw cov ntaub ntawv. Qhov no yuav zoo heev txo tus nqi ntawm cov kua, khoom thiab gaseous emissions thiab effluents.

Ecology thiab Zog

Ib qho tseem ceeb mob rau lub preservation ntawm peb ntiaj chaw ib puag ncig technologies yog nyob rau hauv hwj chim. Qhov no yog vim lub fact tias qhauj ntawm no ua yog ib tug ntawm cov loj qhov chaw ntawm tsis zoo environmental impacts.

Theem ntawm cov roj thiab zog complex yog muab ntim rau hauv:

- ntau lawm, ua thiab thauj cov roj;
- zog ntau lawm nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov hluav taws xob thiab tshav kub;
- kev thauj mus los thiab kev ua ntawm pov tseg thiab lawv pov tseg.

Nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov saum toj no cov kauj ruam yog ib tug txheej txheem tseem saw ntawm interconnected dab. Thiab nws yog muaj ib tug tej yam nyob rau hauv qhov xwm ntawm txhua tus ntawm cov chav nyob. Yog li ntawd, ib tug impressive cua emissions yog ua los ntawm kev loj thee mines. Thaum zoo li no yog flagged mus rau lub ntuj kaaj quas lug carbon dioxide thiab hmoov av, nitrogen oxides thiab toxins. Tag nrho cov ntawm cov tshuaj yog lub txiaj ntsim ntawm blasting thiab cov hauj lwm muaj tsheb.

Tej yam tsis zoo rau cov ib puag ncig thiab muaj kev ua ub TPP. Rau thaum tshav kub kub rau lawv hlawv roj thiab roj roj, thee thiab peat, thiab pov tseg ntoo. Yog li mus rau hauv cov cua ntawm tej yam tshuaj lom thiab tej tshuaj chemicals.

Yuav ua li cas yog cov ib puag ncig yees siv nyob rau hauv no txoj? Teeb meem los rau cov ib puag ncig yog txo los ntawm:

- set purification systems;
- optimization dab ntawm tag nrho cov theem muaj hluav taws xob thiab tshav kub;
- optionally ib tug organic roj;
- tu lub tso gases;
- emission ntawm tej tshuaj mus rau hauv cov cua thiab dej.

Txhim kho lub zog efficiency thiab tej kev nyab xeeb ntawm lub complex yog tau tsuas yog nrog rau cov me nyuam los tu ntawm kev ntsuas ntawm tag nrho cov peb theem ntawm nws ua hauj lwm.

xaus

Nyob rau hauv lub keeb kwm ntawm lub biosphere tau ib tug ntau ntawm caij nyoog phem heev. Nyob plaub billion xyoo, nws extinguished qhov tsis zoo los uas tshwm sim thaum lub sij hawm uas haib volcanic lub caij nplooj zeeg ntawm loj meteorites, thiab hais txog. D. Biosphere tswj kom hloov cov theem ntawm sustainability nyob rau hauv cov dej khov-dawb thiab oledenevshey lub ntiaj teb, lwj thiab cov phiajcim ntawm continents, etc. Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm ib txwm tshwm sim mus rau stabilize qhov ib puag ncig, uas twb khaws cia nyob rau hauv lub txwv ntawm ibqho rau lub neej.

Nws yog yuav hais tias nyob rau hauv lub dhau los lawm ib co tau mob xwm ncuab, uas nws cia li txiav tawm. Nyob rau hauv no tu noob hom yeej tsis tshwm sim dua. Niaj hnub no, cov cai ntawm qhov tau txheeb mus rau ib tug neeg. Yog hais tias nws yuav mus txuas ntxiv los ntseeg tau hais tias lub ntiaj chaw ua ib tug tseem ceeb luag hauj lwm, nws yuav ntxiv dag zog rau mus kom ze ntawm ecological kev puas tsuaj, thiab tej zaum yuav ploj li ib hom-destroyer. Txawm li cas los, qhov no yuav zam tau yog tias sib npaug cov kev ua ntawm tib neeg lub neej raws li lub biosphere tswvyim ntawm txoj kev loj hlob, kev cia siab rau zoo-paub cov kev cai ntawm Science News for KIDS, physics thiab biology.