David Bohm: biography, cov duab thiab nthuav tseeb

Quantum physicist Devid Bom ua ib tug enormous pab tsis tau tsuas yog rau theoretical physics, tab sis kuj nyob rau hauv neuropsychology, thiab philosophy. Ua hauj lwm nyob rau ntawm lub Princeton University, Bom feem ntau nquag collaborated nrog Albertom Eynshteynom, twb koom nyob rau hauv ntshav physics, quantum mechanics, cov kev tshawb xav ntawm co, kev tshawb xav ntawm elementary hais. Nyob rau hauv 1951 David Bohm sau ib tug txiav txim ua hauj lwm rau lub ntiaj teb no ntawm science, xam tau tias yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws daim ntawv ntawm lub orthodox txhais ntawm quantum mechanics.

Bom thiab Oppenheimer

Nyob rau hauv cov neeg Yudais neeg txawv teb chaws tsev neeg nyob rau hauv lub tebchaws United States, nyob rau hauv lub Kaum Ob Hlis 1917, ib tug tub tau yug los uas cia los ntawm cov menyuam txaj pib los mus tshawb lub ntiaj teb no, ceeb tag nrho cov precision ntawm nws lub tswvyim. Nyob rau hauv lub caij nyoog sciences David Bohm yog tshwj xeeb yog txawj ntse, uas yog sab heev thaum ntxov. Tom qab kawm tiav rau xyoo los ntawm tsev kawm qib siab nyob rau hauv Pennsylvania nyob rau hauv 1939, tsawg tshaj li plaub lub xyoos tom qab, nws los ua ib tug kws kho mob ntawm Science nyob rau hauv Physics. Nws tiv thaiv cov neeg kawm ntawv ntawm David Bohm muaj lub University of California. Raws li ib tug me nyuam kawm ntawv, kuv tau koom tes nrog zoo siab nyob rau hauv lub voj voog sib tham, uas tau coj los ntawm ib tug ntawm cov "poj koob yawm txwv" ntawm lub atomic foob pob, Robert Oppenheimer, qhov twg lawv tau sib tham qhov teeb meem, nyob deb deb ntawm dag ntxias theoretical physics.

Tus thawj kauj ruam ntawm yav tom ntej discoveries David Bohm, uas nws phau ntawv muaj ntau philosophical teeb meem, twb ua. Nws yog xav nyob rau hauv kev twb kev txuas ntawm txhua yam, teeb meem, lub siab - tag nrho cov tej yam uas muaj peev xwm tsis txhob kov cov physics raws li ib tug science. Kom txog rau thaum 1947 David Bohm, ib tug physicist, kawm nyob rau University of Berkeley (California) ntshav kev tshawb xav thiab Synchrocyclotron synchrotron. Ntawm lwm yam, nws ua hauj lwm yog ib tug pab rau cov creation ntawm lub atomic foob pob Oppenheimer. Nws tus kheej, raws li ib tug tub ntawm Hungarian cov neeg tsiv teb thiab Latvian neeg txawv teb chaws mus rau lub project, ntawm chav kawm, yog tsis tau tso cai, twb liam ntawm "disloyalty". Yuav kom qhia qhov tseeb, xws daim card ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov teb chaws cia cov neeg tsis nyob hauv txuj ci tab sis nyob rau trustworthiness.

Bohm thiab Einstein

Nyob rau hauv 1947, tom qab cov kev khiav tawm, thiab ib tug tshiab txoj hauj lwm (pab xibfwb hauv Princeton University) pib xav tias David Bohm cov phau ntawv uas nws yuav tsum tau sau ntawv. Cia li ces nws pib active kev koom tes nrog rau cov ntse heev Albertom Eynshteynom uas yog cov tsis tshua zoo siab rau Bohm. Nyob rau hauv 1951, nws yog zoo siab nrog thawj phau ntawv ntawm nws lug txhawb cov miv hais lus ntawm nws raws li ib tug ntse heev.

Txawm li cas los, tus sau David Bohm, ib tug kev sib tham nrog tus tswv ntawm mas ntshai, kom txhais nws nug. Twb nyob rau thaum kawg ntawm lub Bom yog tsis paub tseeb txog qhov no ua hauj lwm yog hais tias nws yog tsim nyog los luam tawm hauv phau ntawv. Txawm li cas los, tsis yog ib Einstein, tag nrho cov hu nkauj ua ke physicist phooj ywg ntxias kom cov neeg sau mus tsuag tsuag, vim hais tias cov "Quantum Theory" nyob rau hauv lub caij muaj ib tug zoo exposition ntawm quantum mechanics. Cov phau ntawv tuaj tawm thiab tsim ib tug furor nyob rau hauv lub scientific ntiaj teb no. Tab sis David Bohm rethink tag nrho cov ntawm lawv thawj zaug kev kho mob thiab tom qab ib tug xov tooj ntawm cov khoom ntxiv phau ntawv. "Lub causal txhais ntawm quantum mechanics" - qhov thiaj li hu ua tshiab los txhais lus rau ib tug scientific teeb meem.

quantum tshuab

Lug txhawb cov miv hu ua Bohm luam tawm tej hauj lwm theoretical manifestation ntawm no tag nrho, yuav luag mystical kev ntseeg nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm ntawm lub kawg lub ntiaj teb no, mus rau hauv ib tug tag nrho cov ntug kev muaj tiag. Qhov no lub tswv yim yog li ntawd sib sib zog nqus uas los daws tag nrho cov teeb meem tsa los ntawm nws ua hauj lwm kom txog thaum kawg ntawm nws lub neej Devid Bom. Holographic ntug, raws li ib tug lub tswv yim, tau dripped los ntawm lub ntsis ntawm nws cwj mem yog raws li ib tug tshwm sim ntawm thiaj ua rau lub quantum peev xwm.

Orthodox quantum kev tshawb xav Bohm yog tam sim no xam tau tias yog tsis tag, tso tseg nws indeterminacy, piv txwv tias yog tias txhua tus particle thiab nws cov lus tsa suab txoj kev yog txiav txim tsis tsuas thiab tsis yog li ntawd ntau npaum li cas tej yam yooj yim cov kev cai ntawm physics, lawv yog tswj los ntawm qhov tam sim no active ntaub ntawv hais txog cov ib puag ncig ntawm tus hais mus txog rau lub tag nrho qab ntuj khwb.

quantum tej zaum

Qhov no ua hauj lwm yog zoo nws pib xwb nyob rau hauv lub 70s, nyob rau thaum xaus ntawm nws lub neej, tab sis zaum xws li Bom Devid, holographic tswvyim ntawm tus ntug yuav tsis raug ua lub tsev. Lub sij hawm nws tus kheej yuav tsum tau paub txog no. Raws li cov radar ua ib lub nkoj nyob rau hauv ib tug dag tsis kawg dej hiav txwv, thiab txhua particle yog tsis yog "dej das ntug," txhua yam nyob rau hauv nws lub zog nyob ntawm lub zog ntawm cov quantum tej zaum, tsis txhob mus lub deb li cas thiab ntev lub sij hawm, txhua yam yuav siv sij hawm nyob rau hauv cov kev sib raug ntawm quantum tshuab.

Yog li, txoj kev loj hlob ntawm lub tswv yim no los ua tus thawj cov kev taw qhia ntawm cov ntaub ntawv mus rau hauv lub heev tob ntawm lub cev kev tshawb xav, thiab tam sim no tej hauj lwm ntawm David Bohm lub kev tshawb xav yog tus postulate ntawm quantum caag thiab cov ntaub ntawv. Muaj lub tsam thawj rau ntau yam ntawm cov kev xav, txawm lub feem ntau seemingly delirious. Piv txwv li, yog hais tias muaj ntau ntau cov kev hloov maj mam theem ntawm kev muaj tiag? Thiab nyob rau qhov no tau ntawm Boma yog ib tug kev tshawb xav - quantum, nonlocal muab zais zog. Nws tau sau ob peb cov ntaub ntawv rau cov kawm, uas tom qab coj mus rau lub thought xyaum ua tej yam los sib tham hnub no: lub Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen paradox thiab Tswb tus inequality.

txoj cai

Txij li thaum tus menyuam kawm ntawv pab pawg neeg, uas nws neeg yog Bohm, koom tsis tau tsuas yog nyob rau hauv physics, tab sis kuj philosophical tswv yim, xws li nplog liab, nws cov phooj ywg thiab npoj yaig tau raug ntes nyob rau hauv tib mob-fated hnub. Kuv mus nyob rau hauv 1950, feem ntau rampant McCarthyism nyob rau hauv lub tebchaws United States. David raug kev txom nyem tib txoj hmoo, tab sis tawm tsam nws comrades tsis kam muab pov thawj.

Txawm tias muaj tseeb hais tias nws twb tso tawm hauv nkuaj nrog ib tug formal tawm ntawm tag nrho cov nqi, Princeton University tsis txuas hnub nyoog nws daim ntawv cog lus. Txawm Einstein tus ceev kev thov, saib rau pem hauv ntej mus ntxiv kev sib koom tes nrog Bohm, twb hai. Lub tsev kawm ntawv cov thawj coj los tsis mus kom tau raws li txawm lub ci ntsa iab tus paub txog. Tej lub sij hawm Bohm ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv Brazil, ces nyob rau hauv Ixayees, qhov chaw uas nws tau ntsib nrog Sarah Wolfson, nws tus poj niam.

tshiab nta

Haifa los ua ib tug iconic qhov chaw thiab zoo siab rau Bohm. Ob tug ntawm nws cov tub ntxhais kawm, ci cwm pwm yog nws lug txhawb cov miv, thiab nrog lawv tau ua cov feem ntau amazing discoveries nyob rau hauv lub teb ntawm quantum physics. Cov npe no yog qhov txhia chaw hais ua ke nrog lub npe ntawm David Bohm - Khede-oos Khami thiab Yakir Aharonov. Nyob rau hauv 1957, lub Department of Bristol (UK) tau muaj rau nws, thiab Bohm pom zoo.

Nws yog muaj, nrog rau Aaron qhib "Aharonov-Bohm nyhuv" rau lub peev xwm ntawm electrons xav tias lub magnetic teb, txawm nyob qhov twg nws tsis yog. 1961 th Bohm ua ib tug xib fwb nyob rau hauv theoretical physics. Qhov no twb tshwm sim nyob rau hauv tej yam siab theem ntawm science Birkbeck College (University of London). Muaj Bohm ua hauj lwm kom txog thaum laus, uas yog, kom txog thaum 1984.

Physics thiab Philosophy

Nws tau ntev lawm lub caij thaum Bohm muaj qhov yuav tsum tau coj ua ke cov ob lub ntiaj teb no views. Nyob rau hauv 1959, nws tau tshwm sim mus nyeem cov ua hauj lwm ntawm ib qho ntawm cov Indian philosopher thiab cov kev zoo sib thooj ntawm lawv views on ntau yam nws tuav. Tab sis qhov loj tshaj boost rau txoj kev tshawb no ntawm kev sib raug zoo ntawm philosophy thiab physics muab hais lus Krishnamurti thiab David Bohm, rau cov uas rau tom kawg pheej xav tsis thoob vim los ntawm qhov kuaj ntawm thiaj li muaj ntau yam parallels nyob rau hauv lub zeem muag ntawm lub ntiaj teb no nyob rau hauv ob txawv kiag li cov neeg. Lawv kev phooj ywg ntawd kub ntev li ntau tshaj ib tug peb lub hlis twg ib puas xyoo. Qhov zoo ces rau tib neeg, cov kev sib tham ntawm ob smartest neeg tsis sunk rau hauv oblivion, thiab tau tu txiv hmab txiv ntoo. Lawv cov phau ntawv: «Science, Kev txiav txim thiab Creativity», «qhov xaus ntawm lub sij hawm», «txawj txaus siab thiab lub Implicate Order».

Txhais lus ntawm quantum mechanics tau ua hauj lwm kom txog thaum lub kawg ntawm lub neej ntawm David Bohm, deploys tseem ceeb yog txoj kev loj hlob ntawm holographic qauv ntawm cov qauv ntawm cov ntug thiab cov kev tshawb xav ntawm "holomovement" (holomovement), thiab cov ob qhov tseem ceeb yog overgrown nrog ties ntau thiab ntau zog. Raws li lawv, txhua txhua ib feem ntawm lub ntiaj teb no nyob rau hauv qhov chaw thiab lub sij hawm repeats nws tus kheej nyob rau hauv kiag li txhua yam uas yog nyob rau hauv lub so ntawm lub ntug, nrog rau lub xam nrog ntawm tsis tsuas yog lub tam sim no tab sis kuj rau yav tom ntej thiab yav dhau los. Hais tias yog, txhua ya muaj ntaub ntawv txog tag nrho cov khoom. Kawm cell yuav ua tau lub npe hu ntug. Qhov no lub tswv yim - tsis mainstream, vim hais tias lub tswvyim ntawm "yog dab tsi hauv qab no, thiab ces rau sab saum toj ntawm lub" ntau tsim Bacon thiab tom qab ntawd, Roerich thiab Blavatsky, txawm li cas los - nyob rau hauv lub realm ntawm philosophy. Tab sis lub universal wholeness thiab thaum kev txiav txim Devid Bom tau sib cav nrog kev pab los ntawm physics.

nyob rau hauv lub wake ntawm

Neurophysiologist Karl Pribram ntawm America siv cov tswv yim ntawm Bohm, ua holographic qauv ntawm lub paj hlwb, thiab nws tau muab tawm. Ib tug physicist los ntawm lub Netherlands thiab Nobel laureate Gerart Hooft nyob rau hauv nws tej hauj lwm repelled los ntawm txoj kev loj hlob ntawm lub holographic ntug, tus neeg sau ntawm uas yog David Bohm, deploy nqi ntawm cov particle tau pab nws daws tau ib qho ntawm lub perennial cov teeb meem ntawm physics - muab tsim nyog thiab lej yog txoj hau kev ntawm txoj kev tshawb xav ntawm electroweak kev sib tshuam rau lub unification ntawm disparate, nyob rau hauv ntej nuam, lub teb hais tias yog nyob rau hauv lub ntug.

Nws kuj formulated lub holographic hauv paus ntsiab lus, raws li uas tag nrho cov ntaub ntawv ntawm ib tug tej teb yuav tuaj raws li ib tug hologram, thiab xav tias - yog tseem yog ib tug universal lub caij ntawm creativity raws li tau thov, thiab David Bohm. Kev ntseeg siab thiab thaum kev txiav txim - hais tias qhov no tswv yim thiab tau amazed thiab khaws cia nws cov thwjtim Bohm. Nws yog ib qho interesting txiv neej, uas muaj tej yam loj loj rau saum ntoo khaublig-cultural sis raug zoo. Nws eagerly privechali lub Dalai Lama thiab cov thawj coj ntawm lub North American Indians, nws yog ib tug ntau npaum li cas wider tswvyim tshaj li ib tug paub txog. Nyob rau hauv 1990, nws txawm tau them tus tswv cuab ntawm lub Royal Society. Thiab nyob rau hauv 1992, nyob rau lub hnub nyoog ntawm semidesyatichetyrohletnem, David Bohm muaj ib tug mob nyob rau hauv lub plawv thiab tuag ntawm ib tug qaug dab peg. Xeem ntawv sau nyob rau hauv nws lub rooj. Nws twb hu ua: "Tus undivided ntug". Ontological txhais ntawm quantum kev tshawb xav tseem muaj kev tswj kom tiav David Bohm. Lub sam xeeb ntawm lub ntug rov rau nws tus kheej nyob rau hauv lub sam xeeb txog qhov cov cwm pwm ntawm tus txiv neej.

"Ib tug vwm lub tswv yim"

Lub tswv yim ntawm cov illusory xwm ntawm lub universal, uas tau muab lub ntiaj teb no David Bohm, hais physicists thiab philosophers tsis sab laug mus rau hnub no. Qhov xaus ntawm no premise ua kiag li oschelomlyayuschee: hom phiaj kev muaj tiag tsis muaj nyob, txawm lub xub ntiag ntawm lub khees ceev ntawm nws, nyob rau hauv lub plawv ntawm nws ntug - beautifully ncauj lus kom ntxaws hologram, ib tug loj heev phantom. Yuav ua li cas yog ib tug hologram? Qhov no peb-dimensional daim duab, thauj laser beams. Yuav ua li cas qhov no yog ua, txhua leej txhua tus paub hnub no.

Yees duab yog illuminated los ntawm ib tug laser beam, thiab lub thib ob, nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd mus rau lub thaws rov los lub teeb los ntawm kev yees duab, muab ib tug tej yam alternation ntawm maxima thiab minima ntawm lub rays, uas yog, lub cuam duab, nws yog zoo tsau rau cov zaj duab xis. Thaum lub ntsia ntog rau lub resulting duab, nws yog tsis yooj yim sua kom to taub dab tsi - nyob rau hauv nws interbedded tsaus ntuj nti thiab lub teeb kab, nrog kiag li tsis muaj kev txiav txim zoo. Txawm li cas los, nws yog raws kev coj kom lwm laser beam, ib tug peb-dimensional duab no yog tso tawm kom pom tam sim ntawd, thiab nws yuav ua tau raws nraim tib yam thawj yam khoom. Uas yog hais txog nws thiab hais rau David Bohm - Lub Holographic ntug, cov kev muaj tiag yog illusory. Tom qab, cov phau ntawv thiab muaj npe Maykl Talbot - "Holographic Universe".

lwm yam khoom

Thiab qhov no tsis yog tsuas yog ib tug zoo kawg li khoom ntiag tug - peb-dimensionality. Hologram xam qhovkev thiab ntau npaum li cas. Piv txwv li, txiav nyob rau hauv ib nrab hologram yam illuminated los ntawm lub laser, tso cai rau tag nrho cov duab nyob rau hauv txhua ib nrab ntawm lub tib lub kawm, ntawm tib yam loj. Thiab qhov no koog tsev yuav mus ntxiv. Txawm lub me tshaj piece ntawm ib tug kuaj yam khoom. Hais tias yog, txhua feem ntawm ib tug hologram muaj cov lus qhia txog tag nrho cov kev kawm, nrog ib tug proportional yuav txo tau nyob rau hauv sharpness.

Cov ntsiab cai tseem ceeb ntawm lub hologram yog tias ib feem ntawm tag nrho cov muaj nws tag nrho ua ke. Nws tso cai rau koj mus txawv kho lub koom haum thiab ncaj. Lub hom phiaj ntawm tus tsav yoj, txawm yug los nyob rau hauv 1927 los ntawm Lui De Broglie - tus thawj paub piv txwv ntawm zais zog. Rethinking thiab "tu" no ziag no, nws tseem tau to taub txog cov feem ntau insane ntawm qhov tseeb, raws li David Bohm. "Tus tsav-yoj" coj thiab piav qhia cov ntsiab lus xws li lub paradox ntawm Schrodinger tus miv thiab instant cev qhuav dej ntawm lub yoj muaj nuj nqi.

Physics thiab Lej

Yuav luag tag nrho cov txhais ntawm quantum mechanics siv mathematical formalism, nws yuav txaus siab los ntawm kev sim cov pov thawj. Txawm hais tias ntxhov Einstein postulate (ceev txwv yog sib npaug zos rau cov kev ceev ntawm lub teeb), cas electrons paub txhua yam hais txog txhua lwm yam, lawv yog nyob rau hauv kaum millimeters los yog kaum parsecs apart. Txhua particle yog incredibly paub txog dab tsi rau lwm yog ua dab tsi. Tsis sib txuas lus, tsis tau. Tsis INTERACTIONS. Tsis mysterious lub teeb liab. Cia li lub tswv yim khiav lag ntawm lawv illusory. Hais tias yog dab tsi nws sim piav rau lub ntiaj teb no David Bohm: ib tug holographic ntug, holographic.

Cia li ntawm ib co lwm yam theem ntawm kev muaj tiag, tej zaum tob, cov hais - tsis ib tug neeg khoom, tab sis nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb qhov kev kawm ntawm expansion yog ntau npaum li cas yuav tsum muaj. Muaj yog ib theem ntawm kev muaj tiag, zais los ntawm peb, loj dimension. Cov hais yog tsis cais qhov chaw, lawv yog cov ntsej muag. Kev sib sau yog invisible thiab holographic, tag nrho cov lub cev kev muaj tiag muaj phantoms, thiab peb saib nyob rau hauv lub ntug - cia li ib tug projection. Peb yeej tseem nyob rau hauv kev muaj tiag tsis muaj nyob. Yuav ua li cas tiag tiag yog ib tug hologram universal - tsis muaj leej twg paub. Piv txwv li, ib tug matrix nyob rau hauv uas originates txhua yam nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb no, thiab nws muaj tag nrho cov elementary hais, ntxiv dab tsi - los ntawm snowflakes rau quasars, los ntawm gamma rays rau xiav dolphins. Zaum nws yuav zoo yuav hais tias lub holographic - cia li cov theem ntawm lub ntiaj teb no, ib tug ntawm cov kauj ruam ntawm lub universal evolution.

Yuav ua li cas lub sij hawm

Lawm, cov neeg no mas. Lawv "xav tias" tag nrho cov no illusory xwm ntawm cov cuab yeej. Contrived gravitational telescope nyob rau hauv Hannover, nrhiav gravitational tsis thiab lwm qhov chaw-lub sij hawm hloov mus hloov los tshwm sim los ntawm supermassive qhov chaw tej khoom. Cas, tsis muaj ib tug yoj twb tsis pom. Txawm li cas los, qhov ua rau pom: coj txawv txawv nrov fixes ntes, xws li los ntawm peb puas mus rau kaum tsib puas Hertz, uas, lawm, ua rau nws ua hauj lwm. Lub suab nrov qhov twg los twb tsis pom, yog hais tias tus Fermi Laboratory lub npe tsis sim hawm caij nyoog.

Nws yog tsim nyog los xav txog lub holographic hauv paus ntsiab lus, raws li nram no uas spacetime yog tsis tas mus li, nws yog ib tug sau ntawm micro-watersheds, ib tug zoo zornyshek, quantum spacetime. Apparatus nyob rau hauv Hanover li muaj tseeb hais tias no ib lub tshuab nqus fluctuation uas tshwm sim nyob rau ciam teb sab chaw. Lub tsom iav raj dawm raws li qhov muaj kev txwv ntawm space-time thiab coj no yuav tsum muaj kev txwv ntawm lub suab nrov. Yog li ntawd, nyob deb, lub xam sib haum mus rau lub indications ntawm lub ntes tsom iav raj. Lub ntiaj teb no yog nyob rau lub verge ntawm qhib, ntau tshaj ib tug neeg pej xeem nrog. Peb, thiab tag nrho cov uas nyob ib ncig peb - cov illusion ...