Daim ntawv teev cov chaw sib npaug rau cov Far North ntawm Russia

Far North chaw yog cheeb tsam uas muaj tshwj xeeb yog nyuaj kev nyab xeeb rau lub neej thiab ua hauj lwm.

Cov cheeb tsam uas muaj feem rau cov High North: struts

Cim Far North - ib qho ntawm ob peb qhov chaw ntawm lub ntiaj teb no, qhov twg loj heev rau tej thaj chaw tseem nyob "qus" ua hauj lwm nrog lawv loj loj biodiversity ntawm sab qaum teb latitudes. Yog li ntawd, yog ib lub tseem ceeb ntawm Lavxias teb sab tej txoj cai yog lub preservation ntawm lub txawv txawv virginal xwm ntawm lub Arctic thiab lub North.

Lub peculiarity ntawm cov chaw yog hais tias tej laus thiab ua hauj lwm yog cov mos lwj. Lub neej yog tsis muaj lawv yog unthinkable nyob rau hauv lub tundra. Cov neeg hauv zos koom nyob rau hauv kev yos hav zoov, reindeer herding, nuv ntses.

Qhov tseem sab qaum teb cheeb tsam ntawm Russia

Nyob rau hauv raws li Lavxias teb sab kev cai lij choj txhais tau hais tias cheeb tsam uas muaj nyuaj climatic tej yam kev mob.

Daim ntawv teev cov cheeb tsam ntawm lub Far North:

- Islands thiab hiav txwv nyob rau hauv lub Arctic hiav txwv.

- Islands Okhotsk thiab Bering Seas.

- Arkhangelsk Koog (Solovetsky Islands tuaj, lub Nenets District, Severodvinsk, Mezen, Pinega, Leshukonsky chaw).

- Irkutskaia cheeb tsam (Katangsky RN).

- Kamchatka cheeb tsam.

- Karelia (Kostomuksha, Kalevala, Kem, Belomorsk, Louhi cheeb tsam).

- Komi (Vorkuta, Inta, Usinsk, UST-Tsilma, Pechora thiab Izhma chaw).

- Krasnoyarsk (Igarka, Norilsk, Dudinka, Evenki, North-Yenisei, Taimyr, Turukhansk, Dolgan-Nenets cheeb tsam).

- Magadan Region.

- Murmansk Region.

- Sakhalin cheeb tsam (Oha, Kuril, Nogliki, Yuzhno-Kurilsk, Okha, Severo-Kurilsk cheeb tsam).

- Tuva (Todzha, Mongun-Taiga cheeb tsam tsev Shynaanskaya thawj coj).

- Tyumen cheeb tsam (Berezovsky, Beloyarsky koog tsev kawm ntawv, Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous District).

- Khabarovsk Territory (lub Okhotsk thiab Ayano-Maisky chaw).

- Chukotka koog tsev kawm ntawv.

- Sakha (Yakutia).

Enumeration Far North ua raws li cov muaj nyob rau hauv lawv nyuaj climatic tej yam kev mob nyob thiab ua hauj lwm. Cov pej xeem thiab cov neeg ua haujlwm ntawm cov cheeb tsam no yog muab tej yam kev pab kom txawm peem rau tus cuj pwm thiab lub cev raug mob.

Countryside, nyob ze rau qhov High North kev nyab xeeb

Daim ntawv teev cov chaw sib npaug rau cov Far North:

- Altai (Ulagansky, Kosh-Agach).

- Amur Oblast (Zeya, Tynda, Zeya, Tyndinsky, Selemdzhinsky District).

- Buryatia (Bauntovsky, Barguzin, Evenki, North Baikal, Kurumkansky, Okinsky, Muya chaw).

- Arkhangel'skaia cheeb tsam (Kotlas, Arkhangelsk Korjazhma, Novodvinsk, kev sib haum xeeb, Onega, Belsky, Verkhnetoemsky, Konoshsky, Kotlassky, Vilegodsky, Vinogradovsky, Krasnoborsky, Kargopolsky, Lena, Nyandoma, Plesetsky, Onezhskii, Maritime, Shenkursky, Ustyanskiy, Holmogorski p-Tshiab ).

- Irkutsk cheeb tsam (UST-Kut, Bratsk, UST-Ilim Nizhneilimsk, Bodaibo, Kirensk, Kazachinsko-Lensky, Bodaybinsky, UST-Kut, lub niam-Chui, Bratsk, UST-Ilim chaw).

- Transbaikalia (Kalarsky, Tungokochensky, Tungiro-Olekminsky chaw).

- Karelia (Petrozavodsk, Sortavala, lub Kondopoga, Segezha, Olonets, Pitkäranta, Lahdenpohsky, Medvezhiegorsk, Pryazha, Muezersky, Prionezhsky, Pudozhsky, Suojärvi chaw).

- Krasnoyarsk (Yeniseysk, Lesosibirsk, Motyginsk, Boguchansky, Yenisei, Kezhemsky chaw).

- Komi (Syktyvkar, Pechora, Ukhta, Vuktylsky, Knyazhpogostsky Koygorodsky, Sosnogorsk, UST-Kulom, Syktyvdinskiy, UST-Vym, Kortkeros, Trinity-Pechora, Priluzskiy, Sysolskiy, Udorsky chaw UST-Caij ski.).

- Perm (Gaynsky, Kochevsky, Kosinski chaw, Komi-Perm koog tsev kawm ntawv).

- Primorskiy Kray (Kavalerovskii, Dalnegorsk, Terneisky, Olginsky chaw Boguslavets zos, East, Aneurolepidium, Roshchino, Izmayliha, taiga, lub Far Kut, Sib Tsoo, Cov hluas.).

- Tomsk cheeb tsam (Kolpashevo, Strezhevoi, Parabelskiy, Alexander, Bakcharsky, Kargasoksky, VERKhNEKETSKIJj, Kolpashevsky, Krivosheinsky, Molchanovsky, Teguldetsky, Chainsky cheeb tsam).

- Sakhalin cheeb tsam (Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk, Uglegorsk, Kholmsk, Aleksandrovsk, Anivsky, Poronaisk, Nevel, Smirnykh, Dolinsky, Makarov, Korsakov, Tomari, Tymovsky chaw, Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk District).

- Tyumen cheeb tsam (Yugra, Uvat koog tsev kawm ntawv).

- Tyva (Kyzyl, Bai-Taiga, Ovyurskogo, Chedi-Khol, Barun-Khemchiksky, Pius-Khemsky, Erzinsky, Dzun-Khemchiksky, Kyzyl, Qaa-Khemsky, Tandy, Ulugh Khemsky, Sut-Khol, Chaa-Khol, tes -Hemsky cheeb tsam).

- Khabarovsk Territory (Amursk Sovetskaya Gavan, Nikolaevsk-on-Amur Komsomolsk-on-Amur, Elban lub zos, lub zos ntawm Akhas, Ascension, Dzhuen, Ommi; Ulcha ntog-Vanino, Komsomolsk, Sunny, Sovetskaya Gavan, Tuguro-. Chumikansky, Nicholas, Verkhnebureinsky lawv. Polina Osipenko chaw).

Daim ntawv teev cov chaw sib npaug rau cov Far North, yog loj loj thiab npog lub cheeb tsam feem ntau ntawm cov sab qaum teb thiab sab hnub tuaj ib feem ntawm Russia.

Ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lub Far North

Far North cov cheeb tsam ntawm Russia distinguished los ntawm cov kev xwm ntawm kev ua hauj lwm.

Muaj ntau ntawm cov feem ntau tej thaj chaw deb sab qaum teb cheeb tsam ntawm Russia, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov chaw nyob rau hauv lub deb sab qaum teb, yog nplua nuj heev nyob rau hauv ntau yam natural resources. Qhov no siv tshwj xeeb rau kub, thee, roj, nkev, peat, tin, shale roj thiab pob zeb diamond. Qhov tseem voluminous yog roj thiab txuam roj extraction.

Ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lub North yog compounded los ntawm yam mob loj heev kev nyab xeeb tej yam kev mob. Labor yog lub feem ntau ntau haiv neeg drilling, engineering, welding, kev tsim kho, installation, piping, ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv freight thiab li ntawd.

Cov kev cai lij choj ntawm lub Far North, cov guarantee los ntawm lub xeev, cov kev pab cuam

Tag nrho cov nyob thiab neeg ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv cheeb tsam uas muaj unfavorable kev nyab xeeb cov kev pab cuam yog muab raws li tsoom fwv teb chaws txoj cai lij choj № 122 (los ntawm 24.08.2004 yog).

Lavxias teb sab thaj tsam ntawm lub Far North ua tsaug rau txoj kev cai no yog muab ib lub sij hawm pab kom txawm peem rau lub zog ntawm neeg ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv hnyav huab cua tej yam kev mob thiab txhawb kom lawv ua hauj lwm.

xws li ib tug system ntawm cov kev pab muaj xws li:

• cov kev pab cuam uas siv rau tag nrho cov, tsis muaj kev zam, ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lub Far North thiab sib npaug chaw;
• cov nyiaj pab xwb rau tej neeg ua hauj lwm.

Cov kev pab cuam muaj feem xyuam rau cov thawj pab pawg neeg yog: ib tug txhua hli nyiaj rau them, ntxiv so, cov kev pab cuam nyob rau hauv kev txiav txim hauv lub xeev laus-muaj hnub nyoog cov nyiaj laus pension, nyiaj tshwj xeeb rau ib ntus tsis taus cov kev pab cuam rau ib tug ntau yam ntawm yuav ib lub tsev.

FZ ntawm 19.02.1993 N 4520-1 "Nyob rau lub xeev guarantees thiab nyiaj ..." siv rau tag nrho cov neeg ua hauj lwm los yog nws tus kheej-ua hauj lwm ib ntus los yog mus tas li nyob rau hauv cov koom haum uas muaj nyob rau hauv lub Far North, raws li zoo raws li cov neeg nyob rau hauv cov cheeb tsam (hauv daim ntawv teev Far North teev tseg saum toj no).

cov kev pab

Cov kev pab cuam, nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd nruab nrab xwb tej pawg ntawm cov neeg ntawm lub Far North: nyiaj rov qab ntawm cov kev siv nyiaj thaum koj tsiv mus nyob rau ib qhov chaw nyob tom qab lub cessation ntawm kev ua hauj lwm, ib tug pob sum thaum koj ua tus tom ntej daim ntawv cog lus rau ib tug tshiab lub sij hawm ua hauj lwm rau, reservations qub tsev nyob accrual txoj kev tshav ntuj lub sij hawm nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm ntawm cov nyiaj laus pension, nyiaj pab tag nrho cov neeg ntawm tsev neeg thiab pl. et al.

Far North thiab cov cheeb tsam sib npaug rau cov Far North, yog txaus nyiam mus ua hauj lwm nyob rau hauv lub siab hais tias muaj yog muab ib tug ntxiv nyiaj so koobtsheej rau 24 hnub nyob rau hauv lub deb sab qaum teb thiab 16 hnub - nyob rau hauv tej thaj chaw sib npaug rau nws, nyob rau hauv lwm cov Nordic cheeb tsam - 8 hnub.

Muaj ib tug tau mus ua ke so, tab sis tsis ntau tshaj li 2. Nws yuav tsum tau muab sau tseg hais tias txhua txhua 2 xyoo lub sij hawm ntawm lub sij hawm nyob rau hauv txoj kev mus rau ib qho chaw uas tau so thiab rov qab thaum lub sij hawm cov hnub caiv yog tsis muaj nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm ntawm txhua xyoo tawm thiab them tus nqi enterprise nws tus kheej.

Cov neeg ntawm lub Far North

Rich sab qaum teb Russia tsis tau tsuas yog tej yam ntuj tso kev pab, tab sis kuj cov neeg uas lawv yus sawv, txoj kev ntawm lub neej.

Far North thiab cov cheeb tsam sib npaug rau cov Far North, inhabited los ntawm cov neeg ntawm txawv haiv neeg.

Hauv paus txawm cov neeg ntawm lub sab qaum teb cheeb tsam ntawm Russia yog cov neeg ntawm lub sab qaum teb, Siberia thiab Far East: ntau Buryats, Yakuts, Karelia, Tuva, Komi. Muaj txaus me me haiv neeg, uas suav txog 50 txhiab. Txiv neej. Daim ntawv teev cov chaw sib npaug rau cov Far North, great. Nws npog lub zos feem ntau qhov chaw hauv lub Lavxias teb sab North. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd mus rau lub hauv paus txawm pejxeem, cov neeg ntawm txawv haiv neeg nyob thiab ua hauj lwm no.

Lub hauv paus txawm pejxeem

Txom expanses ntawm tundra populated los ntawm cov feem ntau enduring thiab haib haiv neeg ntawm lub North. Nws tau ntev tau nyob thiab ua hauj lwm ntawm no, koom nyob rau hauv kev yos hav zoov thiab nuv ntses Chukchi, Eskimos, Koryak, Aleuts, Nenets, Evenk, Sami Nganasan thiab lwm tus neeg. Nyob rau hauv tag nrho muaj tsis muaj ntau tshaj li 300 txhiab tus neeg.

Nyob rau hauv ceg av qab teb ntawm Alaska raws Yukon dej inhabited los ntawm Eskimos. Yav tas los, lawv twb nyob rau hauv lub warmer yav qab teb latitudes, tab sis twb maj supplanted los ntawm Indian pab pawg neeg mus rau lub heev ntug ntawm lub ntiaj teb.

Nyob rau hauv lub Lavxias teb sab tundra nyob rau hauv lub Nenets, Chukchi, Lapps, Eskimos, Nanai, Koryak, Evenki thiab lwm yam me me haiv neeg, ua kom tau khaws cia lawv cov tsoos crafts thiab ua liaj ua teb. Feem ntau ntawm lawv coj ib tug nomadic los yog semi-nomadic txoj kev ua neej.

Tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov neeg hauv zos

Lub Chukchi yog Mongolian haiv neeg (Arctic hom). Hom lus ntawm Chukchi. Nws maj mam poob thiab hloov los ntawm Lavxias teb sab. Kev ntawm lawv cov pog koob yawg koob tau qhia cov neeg no mus ua tej yam uas zoo heev rau lub neej - yaranga (khaub ncaws, haum rau pw tsaug zog nyob rau hauv cov daus) thiab torbasa khau looj plab hlaub (lub teeb thiab sov heev los ntawm Kamus). Cov pog koob yawg koob tau qhia Chukchi tsis ntxuav. Vim li cas? Nyob rau hauv cov chaw no ib tug ntau ntawm ultraviolet rays, thiab ib tug txheej ntawm roj ntawm daim tawv nqaij yuav pab tiv thaiv lub ntsej muag los ntawm yus kub nyhiab, yog li ntawd lawv tsis tshua ntxuav. Lub neej ntawm cov neeg no tsis yog tsis muaj mos lwj. Lawv yog cov lawv cov zaub mov, tsev, khaub ncaws, txhais tau tias cov tsheb thauj mus.

Cov tshuaj tsev rau lub hauv paus txawm inhabitants ntawm lub sab qaum teb cheeb tsam ntawm Russia yog tus kab mob plague, ua tau cov deerskin. Muaj Eskimos thiab chaw nyob ntawm cov daus - lub koob.

Kom ntseeg tau northerners nyiaj laus

Pej xeem ntawm lub Far North (sib npaug zos rau lawv), tsis hais txog ntawm qhov chaw uas lawv nyob, muaj txoj cai:

• Cov thaum ntxov nyiaj laus ntawm cov laus muaj hnub nyoog;

• ib qho kev nce nyob rau hauv lub loj ntawm cov laus uas muaj hnub nyoog cov nyiaj laus pension, survivor thiab kev tsis taus.

Nyob rau hauv thaum ntxov lub sij hawm ntawm ib cov nyiaj laus lawv muaj cai rau cov txiv neej 55 xyoo thiab cov poj niam 50 xyoo, muab hais tias lawv tau ua hauj lwm rau 15 xyoo nyob rau hauv lub Far North, los yog tsawg kawg 20 xyoo nyob rau hauv sib npaug zos cheeb tsam (saum toj no daim ntawv daim ntawv teev cov chaw sib npaug rau cov Far North).

Tsis tas li ntawd muaj cai mus rau thaum ntxov nyiaj laus cov nyiaj laus, thiab cov poj niam 50 xyoo, yug rau lub sij hawm no ob los yog ntau tshaj cov me nyuam, nyob rau hauv tej yam tej yam kev mob, raws li tus laus tshaj.

Housing, nyaj

Tsiv teb tsaws los ntawm lub Far North yog nqa tawm nyob rau hauv lub Program ntawm subsidies rau lub purchase ntawm cov vaj tse los ntawm cov pej xeem, los ntawm tawm hauv cov chaw no. Nws yog tswj hwm los ntawm cov kev cai:

• Tsoom fwv teb chaws txoj cai lij choj ntawm 25.10.2002, № 125;

• Tsoom fwv teb chaws txoj cai lij choj ntawm 17.07.2011, № 212.

Lawv muab rau cov nyob rau ntawm subsidies thiab qhov kev txiav txim ntawm lawv cov loj nyob rau hauv lub purchase ntawm thaj neeg ua hauj lwm ntawm lub Far North.

Nyaj ntawm Far North nqa tawm systematically raws li qhov kev pab cuam hauv lub xeev.

Qhov saum toj no daim ntawv teev cov chaw sib npaug rau cov Far North, Russia qhia tau hais tias ib lub sijhawm zoo rau siv raws li ib tug staging av rau ntau yam thwmsim. Rau cov inaccessibility ntawm cov npoo yog muab zais enormous tej zaum vim cov loj cheeb tsam ntawm thaj av thiab wealth.